Plasma neurofilament light predicts mortality in patients with stroke
Open accessAbstract
Plasma neurofilament light is a reliable, uniform marker to estimate neuroaxonal injury and forecast all-cause mortality across major stroke types.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Plasma GFAP and NfL are not anticipated to serve as FTD-specific diagnostic markers.
“Given that plasma GFAP and NfL are elevated not only in FTD but also in other neurological diseases such as Alzheimer disease [7], stroke [50, 51], and TBI [6], these biomarkers are not anticipated to serve as FTD-specific diagnostic markers.”
From Comprehensive cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light across FTD spectrum disorders (2025) · cites this paper as [50]
The Results section, “Plasma NFL is elevated in patients with ACI, aSAH and ICH” (page unavailable), reports significantly elevated plasma NfL in patients with stroke compared with healthy controls. This supports the stroke-related NfL premise, but the cited paper does not establish the claim about GFAP or whether either biomarker can serve as an FTD-specific diagnostic marker. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Adams, H. P., Bendixen, B. H., Kappelle, L. J., Biller, J., Love, B. B., Gordon, D., & Marsh, E. E. (1993) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.24.1.35 · Cited by 12,350 · see citing works
Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke with Perfusion-Imaging Selection
Campbell, B. C. V., Mitchell, P. J., Kleinig, T. J., Dewey, H. M., Churilov, L. P., Yassi, N., Yan, B., Dowling, R., Parsons, M. W., Oxley, T. J., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1414792 · Cited by 5,830 · see citing works
Wardlaw, J. M., Smith, E. E., Biessels, G. J., Cordonnier, C., Fazekas, F., Frayne, R., Lindley, R. I., O'Brien, J. T., Barkhof, F., Benavente, O. R., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70124-8 · Cited by 5,560 · see citing works
MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging
Fazekas, F., Chawluk, J. B., Alavi, A. A., Hurtig, H. I., & Zimmerman, R. A. (1987) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.149.2.351 · Cited by 5,327 · see citing works
Isolated Hand Paresis: A Case Series
Alstadhaug, K. B., & Sjulstad, A. S. (2013) · Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra · doi:10.1159/000350708 · Cited by 4,090 · see citing works
van Asch, C. J. J., Luitse, M. J. A., Rinkel, G. J. E., van der Tweel, I., Algra, A., & Klijn, C. J. M. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70340-0 · Cited by 2,676 · see citing works
Barber, P. A., Demchuk, A. M., Zhang, J., & Buchan, A. M. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02237-6 · Cited by 2,673 · see citing works
Treatment Strategies for Acute Ischemic Stroke Caused by Carotid Artery Occlusion
Li, W., Yin, Q., Xu, G., & Liu, X. (2016) · Interventional Neurology · doi:10.1159/000445304 · Cited by 2,319 · see citing works
The ABCs of Measuring Intracerebral Hemorrhage Volumes
Kothari, R., Brott, T. G., Broderick, J. P., Barsan, W. G., Sauerbeck, L. R., Zuccarello, M., & Khoury, J. C. (1996) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.27.8.1304 · Cited by 2,224 · see citing works
Self-citationSveinsson, O. A., Herrman, L., & Holmin, S. (2016) · Case Reports in Neurology · doi:10.1159/000452213 · Cited by 2,037 · see citing works
Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders
Khalil, M., Teunissen, C. E., Otto, M., Piehl, F., Sormani, M. P., Gattringer, T., Barro, C., Kappos, L., Comabella, M., Fazekas, F., et al. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-018-0058-z · Cited by 1,988 · see citing works
Adams, H. P., Davis, P. H., Leira, E. C., Chang, K.-C., Bendixen, B. H., Clarke, W. R., Woolson, R. F., & Hansen, M. D. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.1.126 · Cited by 1,456 · see citing works
(1988) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1988.68.6.0985 · Cited by 1,196 · see citing works
Prediction of Symptomatic Vasospasmafter Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Modified Fisher Scale
Frontera, J. A., Claassen, J., Schmidt, J. M., Wartenberg, K. E., Temes, R. E., Connolly, E. S., Macdonald, R. L., & Mayer, S. A. (2006) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000218821.34014.1b · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Fiorelli, M., Bastianello, S., von Kummer, R., del Zoppo, G. J., Larrue, V., Lesaffre, E., Ringleb, A. P., Lorenzano, S., Manelfe, C., & Bozzao, L. (1999) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.30.11.2280 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Kuhle, J., Barro, C., Andreasson, U., Derfuss, T., Lindberg, R., Sandelius, Å., Liman, V., Norgren, N., Blennow, K., & Zetterberg, H. (2016) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2015-1195 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Drake, C. G. (1988) · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Comparison of Neurological Scales and Scoring Systems for Acute Stroke Prognosis
Muir, K. W., Weir, C. J., Murray, G. D., Povey, C., & Lees, K. R. (1996) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.27.10.1817 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Prospective validation of the ICH Score for 12-month functional outcome
Hemphill, J. C., Farrant, M., & Neill, T. A. (2009) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181b8b332 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
PREDICTION OF SYMPTOMATIC VASOSPASMAFTER SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE
Frontera, J. A., Claassen, J., Schmidt, J. M., Wartenberg, K. E., Temes, R. E., Connolly, E. S., Macdonald, R. L., & Mayer, S. A. (2006) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000243277.86222.6c · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Plasma neurofilament light as a potential biomarker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease
Lewczuk, P., Ermann, N., Andréasson, U., Schultheis, C., Podhorná, J., Spitzer, P., Maler, J. M., Kornhuber, J., Blennow, K., & Zetterberg, H. (2018) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-018-0404-9 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Iliffe, S., Waugh, A., Poole, M., Bamford, C. H., Brittain, K., Chew-Graham, C. A., Fox, C., Katona, C., Livingston, G., Manthorpe, J., et al. (2014) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta18520 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Predicting prognosis after stroke
Frankel, M., Morgenstern, L. B., Kwiatkowski, T., Lü, M., Tilley, B. C., Broderick, J. P., Libman, R., Levine, S. R., & Brott, T. G. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.7.952 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, Y.-S., Lee, W.-J., Wang, S.-J., & Fuh, J.-L. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35766-w · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Smith‐Bindman, R., Wang, Y., Chu, P., Chung, R., Einstein, A. J., Balcombe, J. N., Cocker, M. R., Das, M., Delman, B. N., Flynn, M., et al. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.k4931 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Tiedt, S., Duering, M., Barro, C., Kaya, A. G., Boeck, J., Bode, F. J., Klein, M., Dorn, F., Gesierich, B. G., Kellert, L., et al. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006282 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Serum neurofilament light is sensitive to active cerebral small vessel disease
Gattringer, T., Pinter, D., Enzinger, C., Seifert‐Held, T., Kneihsl, M., Fandler‐Höfler, S., Pichler, A., Barro, C., Gröbke, S., Voortman, M. M., et al. (2017) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000004645 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Acute Ischemic Cerebrovascular Syndrome
Kidwell, C. S., & Warach, S. J. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000098902.69855.a9 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Claustrophobia and premature termination of magnetic resonance imaging examinations
Eshed, I., Althoff, C. E., Hamm, B., & Hermann, K. (2007) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.21012 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
A specific ELISA for measuring neurofilament heavy chain phosphoforms
Petzold, A., Keir, G., Green, A. J. E., Giovannoni, G., & Thompson, E. J. (2003) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/s0022-1759(03)00189-3 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Uphaus, T., Bittner, S., Gröschel, S., Steffen, F., Muthuraman, M., Wasser, K., Weber-Krüger, M., Zipp, F., Wachter, R., & Gröschel, K. (2019) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.119.026410 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Verifying the Stroke-Free Phenotype by Structured Telephone Interview
Meschia, J. F., Brott, T. G., Chukwudelunzu, F. E., Hardy, J., Brown, R. D., Meissner, I., Hall, L. J., Atkinson, E. J., & O’Brien, P. C. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.5.1076 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationMenezes, N. M., Ay, H., Zhu, M., Lopez, C. J., Singhal, A. B., Karonen, J. O., Aronen, H. J., Liu, Y., Nuutinen, J., Koroshetz, W. J., et al. (2006) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000251792.76080.45 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Serum neurofilament light chain in patients with acute cerebrovascular events
Marchis, G. M. D., Mira, K., Barro, C., Fladt, J. C., Traenka, C., Seiffge, D. J., Hert, L., Gensicke, H., Disanto, G., Sutter, R., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.13554 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Circulating neurofilament light in ischemic stroke: temporal profile and outcome prediction
Pedersén, A., Stanne, T. M., Nilsson, S., Klasson, S., Rosengren, L., Holmegaard, L., Jood, K., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., & Jern, C. (2019) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-019-09477-9 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
CSF –Neurofilament correlates with outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Nylén, K., Csajbok, L. Z., Öst, M., Rashid, A., Karlsson, J.-E., Blennow, K., Nellgård, B., & Rosengren, L. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.05.029 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Wardlaw, J. M., Brazzelli, M. G., Miranda, H., Chappell, F. M., McNamee, P., Scotland, G., Quayyum, Z., Martin, D., Shuler, K., Sandercock, P. A., et al. (2014) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta18270 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Neurofilament changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid after acute ischemic stroke
Pujol-Calderón, F., Portelius, E., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Rosengren, L., & Höglund, K. (2018) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.042 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
McDonald, J. S., Hunt, C. H., Kolbe, A. B., Schmitz, J. J., Hartman, R. P., Maddox, D. E., Kallmes, D. F., & McDonald, R. J. (2019) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2019182834 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
An enzyme immunoassay to quantify neurofilament light chain in cerebrospinal fluid
van Geel, W. J. A., Rosengren, L., & Verbeek, M. M. (2004) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jim.2004.11.015 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Lewis, S. B., Wolper, R. A., Miralia, L., Yang, C., & Shaw, G. (2008) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2008.12 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Singh, P. K., Yan, J., Hull, R., Read, S. J., O’Sullivan, J. D., Henderson, R. D., Rose, S., Greer, J. M., & McCombe, P. (2011) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2011.01.025 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Traenka, C., Disanto, G., Seiffge, D. J., Gensicke, H., Hert, L., Grond‐Ginsbach, C., Peters, N., Regeniter, A., Kloß, M., Marchis, G. M. D., et al. (2015) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000440774 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Helenius, J., & Henninger, N. (2015) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.115.009258 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Onatsu, J., Vanninen, R. L., Jäkälä, P., Mustonen, P. E., Pulkki, K. J., Korhonen, M., Hedman, M., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Höglund, K., et al. (2019) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.05.008 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Zanier, E. R., Refai, D., Zipfel, G. J., Zoerle, T., Longhi, L. G., Esparza, T. J., Spinner, M. L., Bateman, R. J., Brody, D. L., & Stocchetti, N. (2010) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.177667 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Axonal damage and outcome in subarachnoid haemorrhage
Petzold, A. (2006) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.085175 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Looking for novel, brain-derived, peripheral biomarkers of neurological disorders
Chmielewska, N., Szyndler, J., Makowska, K., Wojtyna, D., Maciejak, P., & Płaźnik, A. (2018) · Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska · doi:10.1016/j.pjnns.2018.02.002 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Axonal Pathology in Subarachnoid and Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Petzold, A., Rejdak, K., Belli, A., Sen, J., Keir, G., Kitchen, N. D., Smith, M., & Thompson, E. J. (2005) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2005.22.407 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Diffusion-weighted ASPECTS as an independent marker for predicting functional outcome
Tei, H., Uchiyama, S., Usui, T., & Ohara, K. (2010) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-010-5787-x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Harrell, F. E. (2001) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3462-1_1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Brazzelli, M. G., Cruickshank, M., Kilonzo, M. M., Ahmed, I., Stewart, F. J., McNamee, P., Elders, A., Fraser, C. M., Avenell, A., & Ramsay, C. R. (2014) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta18550 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
CCL 2 and CXCL 10 are associated with poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage
Landreneau, M. J., Mullen, M. T., Messe, S. R., Cucchiara, B. L., Sheth, K. N., McCullough, L. D., Kasner, S. E., Sansing, L. H., & the Serum Markers After Spontaneous Cerebral Hemorrhage (SMASCH) Investigators (2018) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.595 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationCai, J., Lü, C., Chen, M., Ba, H., Chen, X.-D., Lin, J.-H., & Sun, J. (2013) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2013.06.019 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Hviid, C. V. B., Gyldenholm, T., Lauridsen, S. V., Hjort, N., Hvas, A., & Parkner, T. (2019) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2019-0532 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Hviid, C. V. B., Lauridsen, S. V., Gyldenholm, T., Sunde, N. A., Parkner, T., & Hvas, A. (2019) · Translational Stroke Research · doi:10.1007/s12975-019-00761-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Hasan, T. F., Barrett, K. M., Brott, T. G., Badi, M. K., Lesser, E. R., Hodge, D. O., & Meschia, J. F. (2019) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.10.024 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationSerum Neurofilament Light Predicts Severity and Prognosis in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Wang, P., Fan, J., Yuan, L., Nan, Y., & Nan, S. (2020) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-019-00159-y · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [29]Harrell FE Jr., Regression Modeling Strategies. Springer Series in Statistics (Springer-Verlag New York, 2001), vol. 1, pp. XXIV, 572.
- [51]Landreneau MJ, Mullen MT, Messe SR, Cucchiara B, Sheth KN, McCullough LD, Kasner SE, Sansing LH, Serum I Markers After Spontaneous Cerebral Hemorrhage, CCL2 and CXCL10 are associated with poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 5, 962– 970 (2018). 30128320 PMC6093844
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Rost, N. S., Brodtmann, A. G., Pase, M. P., van Veluw, S. J., Biffi, A., Duering, M., Hinman, J. D., & Dichgans, M. (2022) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.122.319951 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders — towards clinical application
Khalil, M., Teunissen, C. E., Lehmann, S., Otto, M., Piehl, F., Ziemssen, T., Bittner, S., Sormani, M. P., Gattringer, T., Abu‐Rumeileh, S., et al. (2024) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-024-00955-x · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Neurofilament Proteins as Biomarkers to Monitor Neurological Diseases and the Efficacy of Therapies
Yuan, A., & Nixon, R. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.689938 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Blood biomarkers for mild traumatic brain injury: a selective review of unresolved issues
Hier, D. B., Obafemi-Ajayi, T., Thimgan, M. S., Olbricht, G. R., Azizi, S., Allen, B., Hadi, B., & Wunsch, D. C. (2021) · Biomarker Research · doi:10.1186/s40364-021-00325-5 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Fluid biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a review
Irwin, K. E., Sheth, U., Wong, P. C., & Gendron, T. F. (2024) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-023-00685-6 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationTesco, G., & Lomoio, S. (2022) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2022.101628 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Prudencio, M., Erben, Y., Marquez, C. P., Jansen-West, K. R., Franco-Mesa, C., Heckman, M. G., White, L. J., Dunmore, J. A., Cook, C. N., Lilley, M. T., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abi7643 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationBiological variation estimates of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers in healthy individuals
Brum, W. S., Ashton, N. J., Simrén, J., Molfetta, G. D., Karikari, T. K., Benedet, A. L., Zimmer, E. R., Lantero‐Rodriguez, J., Montoliu‐Gaya, L., Jeromin, A., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13518 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
A neuronal blood marker is associated with mortality in old age
Kaeser, S. A., Lehallier, B., Thinggaard, M., Häsler, L. M., Apel, A., Bergmann, C., Berdnik, D., Jeune, B., Christensen, K., Grönke, S., et al. (2021) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-021-00028-4 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The 2022 Lady Estelle Wolfson lectureship on neurofilaments
Petzold, A. (2022) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15682 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Intimate Partner Violence-Related Brain Injury: Unmasking and Addressing the Gaps
Esopenko, C., Jain, D., Adhikari, S. P., Dams-O’Connor, K., Ellis, M. J., Haag, H. L., Hovenden, E. S., Keleher, F., Koerte, I. K., Lindsey, H. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2023.0543 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Sanchez, J. D., Martirosian, R. A., Mun, K. T., Chong, D. S., Llorente, I. L., Uphaus, T., Gröschel, K., Wölfer, T. A., Tiedt, S., Hinman, J. D., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.841898 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Wang, R., Li, Y., Li, M., Zhang, Y., Jiang, L., Fan, J., Wang, Q., & Yang, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.631738 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Vollmuth, C., Fiessler, C., Montellano, F. A., Kollikowski, A. M., Essig, F., Oeckl, P., Barba, L., Steinacker, P., Schulz, C., Ungethüm, K., et al. (2024) · European Stroke Journal · doi:10.1177/23969873241234436 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Bitar, L., Uphaus, T., Thalman, C., Muthuraman, M., Gyr, L., Ji, H., Domingues, M., Endle, H., Groppa, S., Steffen, F., et al. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abk0135 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Barba, L., Vollmuth, C., Abu‐Rumeileh, S., Halbgebauer, S., Oeckl, P., Steinacker, P., Kollikowski, A. M., Schultz, C., Wolf, J., Pham, M., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-47765-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Neurofilaments contribution in clinic: state of the art
Delaby, C., Bousiges, O., Bouvier, D., Fillée, C., Fourier, A., Mondésert, E., Nezry, N., Omar, S., Quadrio, I., Rucheton, B., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.1034684 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Mages, B., Fuhs, T., Aleithe, S., Blietz, A., Hobusch, C., Härtig, W., Schob, S., Krueger, M., & Michalski, D. (2021) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02372-3 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Dittrich, A., Ashton, N. J., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Simrén, J., Geiger, F., Zettergren, A., Shams, S., Machado, A., Westman, E., et al. (2022) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.12295 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Bark, L., Larsson, I., Wallin, E., Simrén, J., Zetterberg, H., Lipcsey, M., Frithiof, R., Rostami, E., & Hultström, M. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39698-y · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Nguyen, A. D., Malmstrom, T. K., Aggarwal, G., Miller, D. K., Vellas, B. J., & Morley, J. E. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104146 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Hansra, G. K., Jayasena, T., Hosoki, S., Poljak, A., Lam, B. C. P., Rust, R., Sagare, A. P., Zloković, B. V., Thalamuthu, A., & Sachdev, P. S. (2024) · Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100216 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Neurochemical biomarkers to study CNS effects of COVID‐19: A narrative review and synthesis
Edén, A., Simrén, J., Price, R. W., Zetterberg, H., & Gisslén, M. (2021) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15459 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Xie, M., Yuan, K., Zhu, X., Chen, J., Zhang, X., Xie, Y., Wu, M. F., Wang, Z., Liu, R., & Liu, X. (2023) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s399371 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Götze, K., Vrillon, A., Dumurgier, J., Indart, S., Ortiz, M. S., Slimi, H., Raynaud-Simon, A., Cognat, E., Martinet, M., Zetterberg, H., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-024-01593-7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Paola, M. D., Pischiutta, F., Comolli, D., Mariani, A., Kelk, J., Lisi, I., Cerovic, M., Fumagalli, S., Forloni, G., & Zanier, E. R. (2023) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x231152023 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Sheth, U., Öijerstedt, L., Heckman, M. G., White, L. J., Heuer, H. W., Lario Lago, A., Forsberg, L. K., Faber, K. M., Foroud, T. M., Rademakers, R., et al. (2025) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-025-00821-4 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker in Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease
Peters, N. (2021) · Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40291-021-00566-y · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Zhou, Z., Zeng, J., Yu, S., Zhao, Y., Yang, X., Zhou, Y., & Liang, Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.956043 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Holmegaard, L., Jensen, C., Pedersén, A., Blomstrand, C., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Jood, K., & Jern, C. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-67232-1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Implementing Blood Biomarkers in Stroke Research and Clinical Practice
Barba, L., D’Anna, L., Abu‐Rumeileh, S., Foschi, M., Montellano, F. A., Neugebauer, H., & Otto, M. (2025) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.125.051498 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Wu, J., Wu, D., Liang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhuang, L., & Wang, Z. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000029692 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Becktel, D. A., Frye, J. B., Le, E. H., Whitman, S. A., Schnellmann, R. G., Morrison, H. W., & Doyle, K. P. (2024) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100614 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Graff‐Radford, J., Mielke, M. M., Hofrenning, E. I., Kouri, N., Lesnick, T. G., Moloney, C. M., Rabinstein, A. A., Cabrera-Rodriguez, J. N., Rothberg, D. M., Przybelski, S. A., et al. (2022) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.07.006 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Neurofilaments in neurologic disorders and beyond
Mak, G. K., Menon, S., & Lu, J. (2022) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2022.120380 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Biomarkers for advancing diagnosis and prognosis in stroke
Tiedt, S., Bustamante, A., Cameron, A., Camps‐Renom, P., Große, G. M., Ospel, J. M., Volbers, B., Audebert, H. J., Aulin, J., Cheng, B., et al. (2026) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(25)00480-6 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Beydoun, M. A., Hooten, N. N., Weiss, J., Beydoun, H. A., Hossain, S. A., Evans, M. K., & Zonderman, A. B. (2022) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02425-x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Genetic inactivation of RIP1 kinase activity in rats protects against ischemic brain injury
Stark, K. L., Goncharov, T., Varfolomeev, E. E., Xie, L., Ngu, H., Peng, I., Anderson, K. R., Verschueren, E., Choi, M., Kirkpatrick, D. S., et al. (2021) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-021-03651-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tobieson, L., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., & Marklund, N. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96364-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Beydoun, M. A., Hooten, N. N., Georgescu, M. F., Beydoun, H. A., Eid, S. M., Kuczmarski, M. F., Evans, M. K., & Zonderman, A. B. (2024) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-024-01131-7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Zheng, P., Wang, X., Chen, J., Wang, X., Shi, S. X.-Y., & Shi, K. (2022) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2022.21020 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Barba, L., Vollmuth, C., Halbgebauer, S., Ungethüm, K., Hametner, C., Essig, F., Kollikowski, A. M., Pham, M., Schuhmann, M. K., Heuschmann, P. U., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.16581 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lanz, T. A., Ruprecht, K., Somps, C. J., Göpfert, J. C., Kam-Thong, T., Tekle, F. B., Fader, K. A., Yañez, V. A. C., Meyer, V., Friedrich, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-025-13246-2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Halloway, S., Evans, D. A., Desai, P., Dhana, K., Beck, T. L., & Rajan, K. B. (2023) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.18632 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Chen, X., Lin, Y. Q., & Wei, K. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad058 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Serum Biomarkers in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Clinical Applications and Emerging Insights
Tsogka, A., Ellul, J., Chroni, E., Safouris, A., Psychogios, K., Veltsista, D., & Kargiotis, O. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14217748 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nartea, R., Săvulescu, S., Potcovaru, C.-G., & Poenaru, D. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14228077 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Meschia, J. F., & Brott, T. G. (2022) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.121.037269 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationKakkar, P., Almusined, M. M., Kakkar, T., Munyombwe, T., Makawa, L., Kain, K., Hassan, A., & Saha, S. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14111344 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Blood-Based Biomarkers: A Forgotten Friend of Hyperacute Ischemic Stroke
Liu, Z., Yang, C., Wang, X., & Xiang, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.634717 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Multi-Omic Blood Biomarkers as Dynamic Risk Predictors in Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Bhalala, O. G., Watson, R., & Yassi, N. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25021231 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Prognostic molecular markers for motor recovery in acute hemorrhagic stroke: A systematic review
Ribeiro, J. A. M., García-Salazar, L. F., Saade-Pacheco, C. R., da Silva, E. S. M., Oliveira, S. G., Silveira, A. F., Garcia-Araújo, A. S., & Russo, T. L. (2021) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.006 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Al‐Shaikh, R. H., Jansen‐West, K. R., Strongosky, A. J., Parrales, Z., Dunmore, J. A., Song, Y., Gendron, T. F., Guevara, J. C., Teive, H. A. G., Dulski, J., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26115070 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationTony, A. A., Kholef, E. F., Elgendy, D. B., & Shoyb, A. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-025-01552-2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sheth, U., Harrison, R., Ferber, K. L., Rosenbaugh, E. G., Bevis, A., Khillan, R., Benatar, M. G., Bjorklund, N. L., Daniel, E., Harris, G. A., et al. (2025) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2025-0610 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, D.-Z., Guo, F., Guo, L., Yang, S., Yu, N., Wang, J., & Wang, J.-H. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.764656 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Towards blood biomarkers for stroke patients
Rust, R. (2021) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x21992664 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Molecular biomarkers for intracerebral hemorrhage: bridging pathophysiology and precision medicines
Yao, T., Wang, S., Gu, X., Chen, L., Cai, C., Ma, J., Yi, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, X., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000003991 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Smothers, C. G., Gandhi, S., Chang, J. H., Tahir, S. M., Kelley, J., Wang, E. Q., Fareed, K., Mack, H., Dong, C., Witort, M., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-71329-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Serum neurofilament light as a predictor of outcome in subarachnoid haemorrhage
Johansson, C., Aineskog, H., Koskinen, L., Gunnarsson, A., & Lindvall, P. (2023) · Acta Neurochirurgica · doi:10.1007/s00701-023-05673-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zhu, Z., Mo, S., Wang, X., Meng, M., & Qiao, L. (2023) · Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes · doi:10.1007/s10863-023-09984-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Time Is Brain” – for Cell Therapies
Yin, H. R., Brian, D., Weber, R., Lyden, P. D., & Rust, R. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202519579 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Brezzo, G., Zera, K. A., Straus, D., Goertz, J. E., Loppi, S. H., Crumpacker, R., Frye, J. B., Becktel, D. A., Cuartero, M. I., García‐Culebras, A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x251400241 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Xu, J., Lin, H., Qin, R., Shao, L., Xu, W., Qin, Q., Liang, X., Lai, X., & Chen, L. (2025) · Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research · doi:10.57264/cer-2025-0130 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wei, H., Peng, Z., Shao, K., Zhang, P., Chen, L., Hu, J.-A., Chai, H., & Liu, J. (2022) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-022-03747-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Blood-Based Biomarkers for Neuroprognostication in Acute Brain Injury
Nguyen, A., Saini, V., & Hinson, H. E. (2023) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1775764 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Das, P., Wang, Y., Angom, R. S., Dredla, B. K., Wang, E., Jansen‐West, K. R., Badi, M. K., Ross, O. A., Meschia, J. F., & Mukhopadhyay, D. (2024) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.034 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of dual-mode ELISA based on ALP-catalyzed APP hydrolysis for IL-6 detection
Cao, S., Li, L., An, H., Mao, G., Dai, J., & Ma, Y. (2023) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115754 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Thaele, A., Barba, L., Abu‐Rumeileh, S., Aschauer, J., Steinacker, P., Jung, M., & Otto, M. (2026) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2026.04.026 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Barba, L., Romoli, M., Benkert, P., Hofer, L., Maia, L. F., Dias, A., Magalhães, R., Vaz, C. G., Emmerich, J., Barlinn, K., et al. (2026) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-026-13849-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Lin, K., Wang, Y., Zhao, W., Zheng, Y., Sun, X., Fang, L., Fu, Y. J., Wang, N., & Lin, Q. (2025) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-025-04290-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Labib, H., Tjerkstra, M. A., Teunissen, C. E., Horn, J., Vermunt, L., Coert, B. A., Post, R., Vandertop, W. P., & Verbaan, D. (2024) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2024.06.024 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dinoto, A., Pacenti, M., Mariotto, S., Abate, D. A., Lisi, V., Satto, S., Vogiatzis, S., Chiodega, V., Carta, S., Ferrari, S., et al. (2025) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2024.2447606 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bosshart, S. L., Fernández-Vega, A., Kaufmann, J. E., Stebner, A., Tiedt, S., Montaner, J., Ospel, J. M., & Große, G. M. (2026) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.125.051472 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Santana, D., Llull, L., Mosteiro, A., Pedrosa, L., Pujol-Fontrodona, G., Zattera, L., Werner, M., Martín, A., Justicia, C., Chamorro, Á., et al. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04347-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Neurofilament light chain for classifying the aetiology of alteration of consciousness
Ongphichetmetha, T., Thanapornsangsuth, P., Luechaipanit, W., Loymunkong, N., Rattanawong, W., Hiransuthikul, A., Supharatpariyakorn, T., Sriswasdi, S., & Hemachudha, T. (2023) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcad278 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Plasma-Neurofilament als Prädiktor für das Outcome nach Schlaganfall
Tiedt, S. (2021) · DGNeurologie · doi:10.1007/s42451-021-00305-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Linking evidence for targeted blood biomarkers in post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia
Hong, J., Mun, K. T., Kern, K. C., Thirion, M. L., & Hinman, J. D. (2025) · Frontiers in Stroke · doi:10.3389/fstro.2024.1491542 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in disorders of consciousness
Migdady, I., Gusdon, A. M., Everett, A. D., & Cho, S. M. (2025) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13408-1.00006-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Qin, F., He, X., Huang, X. J., Wang, Y., Mao, F.-L., & Ding, K.-F. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1779717 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Design and construction of bioinspired supramolecular self-assembled nanostructures
Plascencia‐Villa, G. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90984-6.00017-9
Wurm, R., Prausmüller, S., Ponleitner, M., Spinka, G., Weidenhammer, A., Arfsten, H., Heitzinger, G., Panagiotides, N. G., Bartko, P. E., Goliasch, G., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.09.15.23295547
Circulating Factor Seven Activating Protease (FSAP) in the Hyperacute Phase of Stroke
Jæger, H. S., Larsen, K., Foerch, C., Bache, K. G., & Kanse, S. M. (2023) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1155/2023/8901284
Role of Serum Biomarkers in the Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury
Chicone, M., Marrazzi, M., Paladini, A., Valentini, G., & Lobreglio, G. (2025) · Journal of Neurology Research · doi:10.14740/jnr870
Xu, P., Yang, J., Zhao, X., Liu, F., Liu, Q., & Wang, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1482808
Beydoun, M. A., Hooten, N. N., Weiss, J., Beydoun, H. A., Hossain, S. A., Evans, M. K., & Zonderman, A. B. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20057502
Développement d’un test sanguin pour le dépistage de la maladie d’Alzheimer
Torres, F. D. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/afbb97a5z1636z46abz844czb340616aeda1
Hallenberger, T. J., Willemse, E. A. J., Brégère, C., Ghosh, N., Bonati, L. H., Maceski, A. M., Benkert, P., Fischer, U., Soleman, J., Leppert, D., et al. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-111789
Fung, H. T., Burton, O., Bortnowschi, M., Matthews, P. M., Parkes, L. M., Zetterberg, H., Hainsworth, A. H., & Geranmayeh, F. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.71653
Chen, G., Zhu, Y., Chen, F., Zhang, C., Jin, H., Wu, W., Chen, L., Lin, L., Chen, Y., Lin, A., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1932102
A roadmap towards clinical use of molecular biomarkers in acute ischaemic stroke
Tiedt, S., Vlegels, N., Dimitriadis, K. A., Li, W., Jickling, G. C., McCullough, L. D., Liesz, A., Lo, E. H., & Hill, M. D. (2026) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-026-01270-3
He, T. T., Wang, B., Wang, J., & Li, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1895703
- Authors
- Gendron, T. F., Badi, M. K., Heckman, M. G., Jansen-West, K. R., Vilanilam, G. K., Johnson, P. W., Burch, A. R., Walton, R. L., Ross, O. A., Brott, T. G., Miller, T. M., Berry, J. D., Nicholson, K. A., Wszolek, Z. K., Oskarsson, B. E., Sheth, K. N., Sansing, L. H., Falcone, G. J., Cucchiara, B. L., Meschia, J. F., & Petrucelli, L.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Mayo Clinic in Florida (US)
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
- Yale University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Meschia, James F.
- Petrucelli, Leonard
- ORCID
- Gendron, Tania F.
- Badi, Mohammed K.
- Heckman, Michael G.
- Jansen-West, Karen R.
- Vilanilam, George K.
- Johnson, Patrick W.
- Burch, Alexander R.
- Ross, Owen A.
- Brott, Thomas G.
- Miller, Timothy M.
- Berry, James D.
- Wszolek, Zbigniew K.
- Oskarsson, Björn E.
- Sheth, Kevin N.
- Sansing, Lauren H.
- Falcone, Guido J.
- Cucchiara, Brett L.
- Meschia, James F.
- Petrucelli, Leonard
- Venue
- Science Translational Medicine
- Published
- 2020-11-11
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 569
- ISSN
- 1946-6234 (ISSN-L)
- 1946-6242
- PMC
- PMC9534269
- OpenAlex
- W3106414617
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 14
- FWCI
- 8.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science Translational Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (K76AG059992, R03NS112859, P30AG021342, R01NS110721, R01NS075209, U01NS113445, U01NS106513, R01NR01833, U24NS107215, U24NS107136)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U01 NS080168, U19 NS115388, P01NS099114, R35NS097273, P01NS084974)
- Harley N. and Rebecca N. Hotchkiss Endowed Fund in Neuroscience Research, Honoring Ken and Marietta (N/A)
- Donald G. and Jodi P. Heeringa Family
- Haworth Family Professorship in Neurodegenerative Diseases Funds
- Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (N/A)
- Earl and Nyda Swanson Neurosciences Research Fund (N/A)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- plasma neurofilament light, stroke, mortality prediction, prognostic factors, acute ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, neuroaxonal damage, functional disability, NIHSS, modified Rankin Scale, cognitive impairment, blood biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Brain Ischemia, Humans, Intermediate Filaments, Biomarkers, Neurofilament Proteins, Stroke
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review