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Phagocytosis of outer segments by retinal pigment epithelium: phagosome-lysosome interaction
Open accessAbstract
We studied phagocytosis of rod outer segments (ROS) by the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) using rapid freezing, freeze-drying, and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment tips by the RPE occurs daily, and in rats the shedding of these tips is light-entrained to a circadian rhythm. We studied the phagocytic process 5, 30, 90, and 150 min after light onset or after subjective light onset in rats entrained to a 12-hr dark-12-hr light cycle. Lysosomes were labeled with antibodies to cathepsin D, a major lysosomal enzyme responsible for opsin degradation. Phagosomes and phagolysosomes were recognized because of the lamellar structure of their photoreceptor-derived contents. We found a population of lysosomes that fuse with one another before they interact with phagosomes. This fusion can be triggered either by light or by endogenous circadian mechanisms. We also found that lysosome-phagosome interaction occurs after the ingestion stage is completed and that this interaction occurs in two steps. First, smaller lysosomes fuse with phagosomes. Subsequently, larger lysosomes appear to interact with phagosomes via pore-like or bridge-like structures. It is proposed that interchange of contents takes place through these structures.
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In the citing paper
“‘Bridge-like structures’ were described between phagosomes and organelles thought to be lysosomes in the rat RPE as early as 30 min after light onset (Bosch et al., 1993).”
From The cell biology of the retinal pigment epithelium (2020) · cites this paper as Bosch et al., 1993
In the citing paper
“Indeed, we observed that in RPE-J cells engulfed POS co-localized with LAMP1, LAMP2, and cathepsin D (Figure 5A, left panels, arrows) indicating that POS degradation was proceeding (Bosch et al., 1993; Rakoczy et al., 1997; Ramkumar et al., 2010).”
From Noncanonical autophagy promotes the visual cycle (2013) · cites this paper as Bosch et al., 1993
In the citing paper
“In normal RPE cells POS were contained in single membrane phagosomes as reported (Bosch et al., 1993; Gordiyenko et al., 2010; Strauss, 2005).”
From Noncanonical autophagy promotes the visual cycle (2013) · cites this paper as Bosch et al., 1993
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The Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Visual Function
Strauss, O. (2005) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00021.2004 · Cited by 2,828
“It has been proposed that the rate of phagocytosis is dependent on the rate in which apical POS phagocytosis receptor containing cell membrane cycles between the extracellular and intracellular space (79).”
BackgroundThe retinal pigment epithelium: a versatile partner in vision
Bok, D. (1993) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.1993.supplement_17.27 · Cited by 593
“Lysosomal fusion can be triggered by both light and circadian mechanism s (Bosch et al., 1993).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSimó, R., Villarroel, M., Corraliza, L., Hernández, C., & García‐Ramírez, M. (2010) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2010/190724 · Cited by 481
“Another function in the maintenance of photoreceptor excitability is the phagocytosis of shed photoreceptor outer segments [68–70].”
BackgroundPhagocytosis of Retinal Rod and Cone Photoreceptors
Kevany, B. M., & Palczewski, K. (2010) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00038.2009 · Cited by 426
The cell biology of the retinal pigment epithelium
Lakkaraju, A., Umapathy, A., Tan, L. X., Daniele, L., Philp, N. J., Boesze-Battaglia, K., & Williams, D. S. (2020) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100846 · Cited by 422
“‘Bridge-like structures’ were described between phagosomes and organelles thought to be lysosomes in the rat RPE as early as 30 min after light onset (Bosch et al., 1993).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Bosch, E., Horwitz, J., & Bok, D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1993-02
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 253-263
- ISSN
- 0022-1554 (ISSN-L)
- 1551-5044
- OpenAlex
- W1987319020
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (EY-00444, EY-00331, EY3897)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- phagocytosis, rod outer segments, retinal pigment epithelium, lysosome fusion, phagolysosomes, cathepsin D, circadian rhythm, light entrainment, photoreceptors, lysosomal enzymes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Freeze Drying, Freezing, Light, Lysosomes, Models, Biological, Phagocytosis, Phagosomes, Pigment Epithelium of Eye, Rod Cell Outer Segment, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, Rats
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