Cited by 208Hematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationMesenchymal stem cell researchBlood disorders and treatments

Cyclophosphamide/granulocyte colony-stimulating factor causes selective mobilization of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells into the blood after M phase of the cell cycle

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Wright, Douglas E., Cheshier, Samuel H., Wagers, Amy J., Randall, Troy D., Christensen, Julie L., Weissman, Irving L.·2001·Blood

Abstract

Cytokine-mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells (MPB HSC) are widely used for transplantation in the treatment of malignancies, but the mechanism of HSC mobilization is unclear. Although many HSC in bone marrow (BM) cycle rapidly and expand their numbers in response to cytoreductive agents, such as cyclophosphamide (CY), and cytokines, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), MPB HSC are almost all in the G0 or G1phase of the cell cycle. This has raised the question of whether a subset of noncycling BM HSC is selectively released, or whether cycling BM HSC are mobilized after M phase, but before the next S phase of the cell cycle. To distinguish between these possibilities, mice were treated with one dose of CY followed by daily doses of G-CSF, and dividing cells were marked by administration of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) during the interval that BM HSC are expanding. After CY and 4 days of G-CSF, 98.5% of the 2n DNA content long-term repopulating MPB (LT)-HSC stained positively for BrdU, and therefore derived from cells that divided during the treatment interval. Next, LT-HSC from mice previously treated with a single dose of CY, which kills cycling cells, and 3 daily doses of G-CSF, were nearly all killed by a second dose of CY, suggesting that CY/G-CSF causes virtually all LT-HSC to cycle. Analysis of cyclin D2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and total RNA content of MPB HSC suggests that these cells are mostly in G1 phase. After CY/G-CSF treatment, virtually all BM LT-HSC enter the cell cycle; some of these HSC then migrate into the blood, specifically after M phase, and are rapidly recruited to particular hematopoietic organs.

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  • The CMV enhancer/β-actin promoter element is active in stem cells and in many epithelial tissues, including skin.

    “To drive expression of TERT, we chose a CMV enhancer/β-actin promoter (actin-rtTA+) because this element was previously shown to be active in stem cells23 and in many epithelial tissues, including skin24,25.”

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2 of the 58 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Darzynkiewicz Z. Flow cytometry. In: Leslie Wil- son PM, ed. Methods in Cell Biology. Vol 41. 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1994:402- 419.
  2. Kina T, Majumdar AS, Heimfeld S, et al. Identifi- cation of a 107-kD glycoprotein that mediates ad- hesion between stromal cells and hematolym- phoid cells. J Exp Med. 1991;173:373-381.

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Authors
Wright, D. E., Cheshier, S. H., Wagers, A. J., Randall, T. D., Christensen, J. L., & Weissman, I. L.
Affiliations
Stanford Medicine (US)
Venue
Blood
Published
2001-04-15
Volume
97
Issue
8
Pages
2278-2285
ISSN
  • 0006-4971 (ISSN-L)
  • 1528-0020
OpenAlex
W2013051128
Cited by
208
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
FWCI
5.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Blood (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • American Cancer Society
  • Amgen
  • National Institutes of Health
  • School of Medicine, Stanford University
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (5R01 HL58770, R01HL058770)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (5T32 GM-07365, T32GM007365)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (5 T32 AI07290, T32AI007290)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Blood disorders and treatments
Keywords
hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, cyclophosphamide, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells, cell cycle, M phase, BrdU labeling, cyclin D2, G1 phase, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
MeSH terms
Animals, Blood Cells, Bone Marrow, Cell Movement, Cells, Cultured, Cyclophosphamide, DNA Replication, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Metaphase, Mice, Inbred C3H, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Organ Specificity, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, RNA, Messenger, Spleen, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, Cyclins, Cell Lineage, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization, Mice, Cyclin D2

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