Oxygen desaturation on the six-minute walk test and mortality in untreated primary pulmonary hypertension

Abstract

There are no reliable predictors of mortality in primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). This study assessed whether exercise oxygen desaturation and distance achieved during a six-minute walk are associated with mortality in moderately symptomatic patients with PPH. Thirty-four patients with PPH underwent a pretreatment six-minute walk test, and an invasive haemodynamic assessment of pulmonary vasodilator reserve, to select the best treatment option (epoprostenol in 27 and nifedipine in 7). Median follow-up was 26 months (12 months for the nonsurvivors was 26%), and median survival, >46 months by Kaplan-Maier estimate. The mean±sd distance walked was 275±155 m and reduction in arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) at maximal distance (Δ Sa,O2) was 8.4±4.5%. A distance ≤300 m increased mortality risk by 2.4, and a Δ Sa,O2 of ≥10 % increased mortality risk by 2.9. Only Sa,O2 at peak distance, Δ Sa,O2 and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were related to mortality. After adjusting for PVR, there remained a 27% increase in risk of death for each per cent decrease in Sa,O2. The six-minute walk distance and exercise oxygen saturation may be helpful in selecting patients with primary pulmonary hypertension for whom transplant listing is appropriate.