Cited by 6,931Pulmonary Hypertension Research and TreatmentsVascular Anomalies and TreatmentsCongenital Heart Disease Studies

2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension

Open access
Galiè, Nazzareno, Humbert, Marc, Vachiery, Jean-Luc, Gibbs, Simon, Lang, Irene, Torbicki, Adam, Simonneau, Gérald, Peacock, Andrew +118 more·2016·European Heart Journal

Abstract

national Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation; d Representing the European League Against Rheumatism; and e Representing the European Society of Radiology.ESC entities having participated in the development of this document: ESC Associations: Acute Cardiovascular Care Association (ACCA), European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR), European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Heart Failure Association (HFA).ESC Councils: Council for Cardiology Practice (CCP), Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions (CCNAP), Council on Cardiovascular Primary Care (CCPC).ESC Working Groups: Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, Cardiovascular Surgery, Grown-up Congenital Heart Disease, Pulmonary Circulation and Right Ventricular Function, Valvular Heart Disease.The content of these European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) Guidelines has been published for personal and educational use only.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv317

Cites

471 of 471 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • In the World Symposium of Pulmonary Hypertension classification of PAH, group 1 is the most common indication.

    “In the World Symposium of Pulmonary Hypertension classification of PAH, group 1 is the most common indication.”

    From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [61]

    Section 6 identifies pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) as group 1. But Section 4.1, “Epidemiology and risk factors” (page unavailable), says left-heart disease (group 2) is believed to be the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension, contrary to the claim that group 1 is most common. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • The paper says the ESC/ERS pulmonary hypertension model uses a multiparametric assessment and avoids nonmodifiable criteria and variable weighting.

    “The ESC/ERS model also employs the assessment of risk using a multi-parametric comprehensive analysis of clinical variables.(284) Unlike REVEAL, this model avoids use of any non-modifiable criteria, and does not “weight” the variables according to their relative importance.”

    From Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. (2021) · cites this paper as [284]

    Section 6.2.4 calls for a multidimensional, comprehensive assessment, and section 6.2.5 says overall assessment should guide decisions when variables fall into different risk categories. The claim that the model avoids any nonmodifiable criteria is too absolute: both sections say age, sex, and other factors not affected by therapy can modify risk. The passages do not explicitly specify whether variables receive numerical weights. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Unlike REVEAL, the ESC/ERS model avoids non-modifiable criteria and does not weight variables by relative importance.

    “Unlike REVEAL, this model avoids use of any non-modifiable criteria, and does not “weight” the variables according to their relative importance.”

    From Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. (2021) · cites this paper as [284]

    Table 13 and §§6.2.4–6.2.5 present risk categories using clinical and physiological measures without assigning numerical weights to the variables. They discuss age, sex, underlying disease and comorbidities as additional influences on risk, rather than criteria in Table 13. Our copy does not establish the claimed contrast with REVEAL’s criteria or weighting. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Transplantation may be necessary if prostacyclin treatment is required for an appropriate intervention, there is accompanying liver or renal failure, or severe hemoptysis is present.

    “transplantation may be necessary if prostacyclin treatment is required for an appropriate intervention, there is accompanying liver or renal failure, or severe hemoptysis is present [3,59-62]”

    From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [61]

    Section 6.3.8 supports considering lung transplantation for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension who respond inadequately to medical therapy. It does not identify a need for prostacyclin treatment, liver or renal failure, or severe haemoptysis as the stated triggers; section 6.3.10.2 instead suggests bronchial artery embolization for severe haemoptysis. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Group 3 with PAH and accompanying pathological changes in the lung parenchyma can be considered for transplantation.

    “group 3 with PAH and accompanying pathological changes in the lung parenchyma can be considered for transplantation.”

    From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [61]

    Section 6.3.8 (page unavailable) recommends considering lung transplantation for PAH after an inadequate response to treatment. Section 9.2 (page unavailable) says patients with suspected PAH alongside lung disease may follow PAH recommendations, but limits this to a particular clinical phenotype; it does not recommend transplantation for group 3 patients generally. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. [10]10. Ivy DD, Abman SH, Barst RJ, Berger RMF, Bonnet D, Fleming TR, Haworth SG, Raj JU, Rosenzweig EB, Schulze Neick I, Steinhorn RH, Beghetti M. Pediatric pul- monary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:D117 -D126.
  2. [36]36. Rich S, Dantzker DR, Ayres SM, Bergofsky EH, Brundage BH, Detre KM, Fishman AP, Goldring RM, Groves BM, Koerner SK. Primary pulmonary hyperten- sion: a national prospective study. Ann Intern Med 1987;107:216 -223.
  3. [93]93. Kim NH, Delcroix M, Jenkins DP, Channick R, Dartevelle P, Jansa P, Lang I, Madani MM, Ogino H, Pengo V, Mayer E. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:D92 -D99.
  4. [151]151. Galie `N, Hoeper M, Humbert M, Torbicki A, Vachiery JL, Barbera JA, Beghetti M, Corris P, Gaine S, Gibbs JS, Gomez-Sanchez MA, Klepetko W, Joendeau G, Opitz C, Peacock A, Rubin L, Zellweger M, Simonneau G. Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the Task Force on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and of the European Respiratory Society. Eur Heart J 2009;30:2493 -2537.
  5. [373]373. Humbert M, Maı ˆtre S, Capron F, Rain B, Musset D, Simonneau G. Pulmonary ede- ma complicating continuous intravenous prostacyclin in pulmonary capillary he- mangiomatosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:1681 -1685.
  6. [424]424. Hoeper MM, Mayer E, Simonneau G, Rubin LJ. Chronic thromboembolic pulmon- ary hypertension. Circulation 2006;113:2011 -2020.

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Authors
Galiè, N., Humbert, M., Vachiery, J.-L., Gibbs, S., Lang, I., Torbicki, A., Simonneau, G., Peacock, A., Vonk Noordegraaf, A., Beghetti, M., Ghofrani, A., Gomez Sanchez, M. A., Hansmann, G., Klepetko, W., Lancellotti, P., Matucci, M., McDonagh, T., Pierard, L. A., Trindade, P. T., Zompatori, M., Hoeper, M., ESC Scientific Document Group, Aboyans, V., Vaz Carneiro, A., Achenbach, S., Agewall, S., Allanore, Y., Asteggiano, R., Badano, L. P., Barberá, J. A., Bouvaist, H., Bueno, H., Byrne, R. A., Carerj, S., Castro, G., Erol, Ç., Falk, V., Funck-Brentano, C., Gorenflo, M., Granton, J., Iung, B., Kiely, D. G., Kirchhof, P., Kjellstrom, B., Landmesser, U., Lekakis, J., Lionis, C., Lip, G. Y. H., Orfanos, S. E., Park, M. H., Piepoli, M. F., Ponikowski, P., Revel, M.-P., Rigau, D., Rosenkranz, S., Völler, H., Zamorano, J. L., Zamorano, J. L., Aboyans, V., Achenbach, S., Agewall, S., Badimon, L., Barón-Esquivias, G., Baumgartner, H., Bax, J. J., Bueno, H., Carerj, S., Dean, V., Erol, Ç., Fitzsimons, D., Gaemperli, O., Kirchhof, P., Kolh, P., Lancellotti, P., Lip, G. Y., Nihoyannopoulos, P., Piepoli, M. F., Ponikowski, P., Roffi, M., Torbicki, A., Vaz Carneiro, A., Windecker, S., Myftiu, S., Bonderman, D., Firdovsi, I., Lazareva, I., De Pauw, M., Sokolovic, Š., Velchev, V., Cikeš, M., Moutiris, J. A., Jansa, P., Nielsen-Kudsk, J. E., Anton, L., Jääskeläinen, P., Bauer, F., Chukhrukidze, A., Opitz, C., Giannakoulas, G., Karlócai, K., Oddsson, H., Gaine, S., Menachemi, D., Emdin, M., Sooronbaev, T., Rudzitis, T. A., Gumbiene, L., Lebrun, F., Micallef, J., Botnaru, V., Oukerraj, L., Andreassen, A. K., Kurzyna, M., Leite Baptista, M. J. R., Coman, I. M., Moiseeva, O., Stefanovic, B. S., Šimková, I., Wikström, G., Schwerzmann, M., Srbinovska-Kostovska, E., van Dijk, A. P. J., Mahdhaoui, A., Kaymaz, C., Coghlan, G., & Sirenko, Y.
Affiliations
  • University of Bologna (IT)
  • Université Paris-Sud (FR)
Venue
European Heart Journal
Published
2015-08-29
Volume
37
Issue
1
Pages
67-119
ISSN
  • 0195-668X (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-9645
OpenAlex
W2161370807
Cited by
6,931
References
471
Citations by year
2026: 174 · 2025: 297 · 2024: 408 · 2023: 560 · 2022: 778 · 2021: 953 · 2020: 930 · 2019: 794 · 2018: 801 · 2017: 659 · 2016: 461 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 6
FWCI
524.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • European Heart Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
  • Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
  • Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
  • IRIS (submittedVersion)
  • University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
  • SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • European Respiratory Society
  • European Society of Cardiology
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Vascular Anomalies and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
Keywords
pulmonary hypertension, diagnosis, treatment, right ventricular function, pulmonary circulation, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, heart failure, pharmacotherapy, cardiovascular surgery
MeSH terms
Adult, Algorithms, Antihypertensive Agents, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Child, Combined Modality Therapy, Connective Tissue Diseases, Cross Infection, Drug Interactions, Echocardiography, Electrocardiography, Exercise Test, Exercise Therapy, Female, Genetic Counseling, Genetic Testing, Health Status, Cardiac Catheterization, Heart Defects, Congenital, Hemangioma, Hemoptysis, Humans, Hypertension, Portal, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Patient Compliance, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular, Referral and Consultation, Respiratory Function Tests, Risk Factors, Social Support, Terminal Care, Thromboembolism, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Biomarkers, HIV Infections, Lung Transplantation, Treatment Outcome, Elective Surgical Procedures, Ventricular Dysfunction, Right, Risk Assessment, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Therapies, Investigational, Travel Medicine, Balloon Embolectomy, Multimodal Imaging

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