2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension
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national Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation; d Representing the European League Against Rheumatism; and e Representing the European Society of Radiology.ESC entities having participated in the development of this document: ESC Associations: Acute Cardiovascular Care Association (ACCA), European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR), European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Heart Failure Association (HFA).ESC Councils: Council for Cardiology Practice (CCP), Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions (CCNAP), Council on Cardiovascular Primary Care (CCPC).ESC Working Groups: Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, Cardiovascular Surgery, Grown-up Congenital Heart Disease, Pulmonary Circulation and Right Ventricular Function, Valvular Heart Disease.The content of these European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) Guidelines has been published for personal and educational use only.
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In the World Symposium of Pulmonary Hypertension classification of PAH, group 1 is the most common indication.
“In the World Symposium of Pulmonary Hypertension classification of PAH, group 1 is the most common indication.”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [61]
Section 6 identifies pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) as group 1. But Section 4.1, “Epidemiology and risk factors” (page unavailable), says left-heart disease (group 2) is believed to be the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension, contrary to the claim that group 1 is most common. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe paper says the ESC/ERS pulmonary hypertension model uses a multiparametric assessment and avoids nonmodifiable criteria and variable weighting.
“The ESC/ERS model also employs the assessment of risk using a multi-parametric comprehensive analysis of clinical variables.(284) Unlike REVEAL, this model avoids use of any non-modifiable criteria, and does not “weight” the variables according to their relative importance.”
From Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. (2021) · cites this paper as [284]
Section 6.2.4 calls for a multidimensional, comprehensive assessment, and section 6.2.5 says overall assessment should guide decisions when variables fall into different risk categories. The claim that the model avoids any nonmodifiable criteria is too absolute: both sections say age, sex, and other factors not affected by therapy can modify risk. The passages do not explicitly specify whether variables receive numerical weights. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredUnlike REVEAL, the ESC/ERS model avoids non-modifiable criteria and does not weight variables by relative importance.
“Unlike REVEAL, this model avoids use of any non-modifiable criteria, and does not “weight” the variables according to their relative importance.”
From Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. (2021) · cites this paper as [284]
Table 13 and §§6.2.4–6.2.5 present risk categories using clinical and physiological measures without assigning numerical weights to the variables. They discuss age, sex, underlying disease and comorbidities as additional influences on risk, rather than criteria in Table 13. Our copy does not establish the claimed contrast with REVEAL’s criteria or weighting. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTransplantation may be necessary if prostacyclin treatment is required for an appropriate intervention, there is accompanying liver or renal failure, or severe hemoptysis is present.
“transplantation may be necessary if prostacyclin treatment is required for an appropriate intervention, there is accompanying liver or renal failure, or severe hemoptysis is present [3,59-62]”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [61]
Section 6.3.8 supports considering lung transplantation for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension who respond inadequately to medical therapy. It does not identify a need for prostacyclin treatment, liver or renal failure, or severe haemoptysis as the stated triggers; section 6.3.10.2 instead suggests bronchial artery embolization for severe haemoptysis. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGroup 3 with PAH and accompanying pathological changes in the lung parenchyma can be considered for transplantation.
“group 3 with PAH and accompanying pathological changes in the lung parenchyma can be considered for transplantation.”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [61]
Section 6.3.8 (page unavailable) recommends considering lung transplantation for PAH after an inadequate response to treatment. Section 9.2 (page unavailable) says patients with suspected PAH alongside lung disease may follow PAH recommendations, but limits this to a particular clinical phenotype; it does not recommend transplantation for group 3 patients generally. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Group 2, with decreased left ventricular function, is not an indication for transplantation.
“Group 2, with decreased left ventricular function, is not an indication for transplantation”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [61]
Section 7.6.2 identifies group 2 pulmonary hypertension as due to left heart disease and says it occurs with heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Section 6.3.8 discusses transplantation for pulmonary arterial hypertension, but does not say that group 2 disease with decreased left ventricular function is not an indication for transplantation. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe two most frequently used pulmonary arterial hypertension risk assessment models are REVEAL 2.0 and the 2015 ESC/ERS model.
“The two most frequently used risk assessment models are the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-term Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Management (REVEAL) 2.0 and the 2015 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society (ESC/ERS) model.(283, 284)”
From Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. (2021) · cites this paper as [284]
The ESC/ERS model uses multi-parametric comprehensive analysis of clinical variables for risk assessment in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
“The ESC/ERS model also employs the assessment of risk using a multi-parametric comprehensive analysis of clinical variables.(284)”
From Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. (2021) · cites this paper as [284]
The current consensus is based on 2 tools for referral and listing: the REVEAL Registry 2.2 and 2015 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society.
“The current consensus is based on 2 tools for referral and listing: the REVEAL Registry 2.2 (Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-term Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Management 2.0) and 2015 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society.”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [61]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Galiè, N., Humbert, M., Vachiery, J.-L., Gibbs, S., Lang, I., Torbicki, A., Simonneau, G., Peacock, A., Vonk Noordegraaf, A., Beghetti, M., Ghofrani, A., Gomez Sanchez, M. A., Hansmann, G., Klepetko, W., Lancellotti, P., Matucci, M., McDonagh, T., Pierard, L. A., Trindade, P. T., Zompatori, M., Hoeper, M., ESC Scientific Document Group, Aboyans, V., Vaz Carneiro, A., Achenbach, S., Agewall, S., Allanore, Y., Asteggiano, R., Badano, L. P., Barberá, J. A., Bouvaist, H., Bueno, H., Byrne, R. A., Carerj, S., Castro, G., Erol, Ç., Falk, V., Funck-Brentano, C., Gorenflo, M., Granton, J., Iung, B., Kiely, D. G., Kirchhof, P., Kjellstrom, B., Landmesser, U., Lekakis, J., Lionis, C., Lip, G. Y. H., Orfanos, S. E., Park, M. H., Piepoli, M. F., Ponikowski, P., Revel, M.-P., Rigau, D., Rosenkranz, S., Völler, H., Zamorano, J. L., Zamorano, J. L., Aboyans, V., Achenbach, S., Agewall, S., Badimon, L., Barón-Esquivias, G., Baumgartner, H., Bax, J. J., Bueno, H., Carerj, S., Dean, V., Erol, Ç., Fitzsimons, D., Gaemperli, O., Kirchhof, P., Kolh, P., Lancellotti, P., Lip, G. Y., Nihoyannopoulos, P., Piepoli, M. F., Ponikowski, P., Roffi, M., Torbicki, A., Vaz Carneiro, A., Windecker, S., Myftiu, S., Bonderman, D., Firdovsi, I., Lazareva, I., De Pauw, M., Sokolovic, Š., Velchev, V., Cikeš, M., Moutiris, J. A., Jansa, P., Nielsen-Kudsk, J. E., Anton, L., Jääskeläinen, P., Bauer, F., Chukhrukidze, A., Opitz, C., Giannakoulas, G., Karlócai, K., Oddsson, H., Gaine, S., Menachemi, D., Emdin, M., Sooronbaev, T., Rudzitis, T. A., Gumbiene, L., Lebrun, F., Micallef, J., Botnaru, V., Oukerraj, L., Andreassen, A. K., Kurzyna, M., Leite Baptista, M. J. R., Coman, I. M., Moiseeva, O., Stefanovic, B. S., Šimková, I., Wikström, G., Schwerzmann, M., Srbinovska-Kostovska, E., van Dijk, A. P. J., Mahdhaoui, A., Kaymaz, C., Coghlan, G., & Sirenko, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Université Paris-Sud (FR)
- ORCID
- Galiè, Nazzareno
- Humbert, Marc
- Lang, Irene
- Simonneau, Gérald
- Beghetti, Maurice
- Hansmann, Georg
- Klepetko, Walter
- Trindade, Pedro T.
- Hoeper, Marius
- Asteggiano, Riccardo
- Badano, Luigi Paolo
- Falk, Volkmar
- Iung, Bernard
- Kiely, David G
- Landmesser, Ulf
- Lionis, Christos
- Park, Myung H
- Revel, Marie-Pierre
- Bax, Jeroen J
- Kolh, Philippe
- Windecker, Stephan
- Giannakoulas, George
- Botnaru, Victor
- Kurzyna, Marcin
- Šimková, Iveta
- Coghlan, Gerry
- Sirenko, Yuriy
- Venue
- European Heart Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-08-29
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 67-119
- ISSN
- 0195-668X (ISSN-L)
- 1522-9645
- OpenAlex
- W2161370807
- Cited by
- 6,931
- References
- 471
- Citations by year
- 2026: 174 · 2025: 297 · 2024: 408 · 2023: 560 · 2022: 778 · 2021: 953 · 2020: 930 · 2019: 794 · 2018: 801 · 2017: 659 · 2016: 461 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 524.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Heart Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Respiratory Society
- European Society of Cardiology
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Vascular Anomalies and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Keywords
- pulmonary hypertension, diagnosis, treatment, right ventricular function, pulmonary circulation, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, heart failure, pharmacotherapy, cardiovascular surgery
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Algorithms, Antihypertensive Agents, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Child, Combined Modality Therapy, Connective Tissue Diseases, Cross Infection, Drug Interactions, Echocardiography, Electrocardiography, Exercise Test, Exercise Therapy, Female, Genetic Counseling, Genetic Testing, Health Status, Cardiac Catheterization, Heart Defects, Congenital, Hemangioma, Hemoptysis, Humans, Hypertension, Portal, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Patient Compliance, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular, Referral and Consultation, Respiratory Function Tests, Risk Factors, Social Support, Terminal Care, Thromboembolism, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Biomarkers, HIV Infections, Lung Transplantation, Treatment Outcome, Elective Surgical Procedures, Ventricular Dysfunction, Right, Risk Assessment, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Therapies, Investigational, Travel Medicine, Balloon Embolectomy, Multimodal Imaging
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