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Effects of dependence in high-dimensional multiple testing problems
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: We consider effects of dependence among variables of high-dimensional data in multiple hypothesis testing problems, in particular the False Discovery Rate (FDR) control procedures. Recent simulation studies consider only simple correlation structures among variables, which is hardly inspired by real data features. Our aim is to systematically study effects of several network features like sparsity and correlation strength by imposing dependence structures among variables using random correlation matrices. RESULTS: We study the robustness against dependence of several FDR procedures that are popular in microarray studies, such as Benjamin-Hochberg FDR, Storey's q-value, SAM and resampling based FDR procedures. False Non-discovery Rates and estimates of the number of null hypotheses are computed from those methods and compared. Our simulation study shows that methods such as SAM and the q-value do not adequately control the FDR to the level claimed under dependence conditions. On the other hand, the adaptive Benjamini-Hochberg procedure seems to be most robust while remaining conservative. Finally, the estimates of the number of true null hypotheses under various dependence conditions are variable. CONCLUSION: We discuss a new method for efficient guided simulation of dependent data, which satisfy imposed network constraints as conditional independence structures. Our simulation set-up allows for a structural study of the effect of dependencies on multiple testing criterions and is useful for testing a potentially new method on pi0 or FDR estimation in a dependency context.
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![Figure 4 Average π0 estimates under dependence when π0 = 0.8. The x-axis corresponds to the proportion of edges in the network and the y-axis corresponds to π0 estimates for various procedures. The π0 estimators and corresponding lines are SAM (solid black), Qvalue (dashed red), ABH (dotted green) and the convex estimator of Langaas et al [10] (dot-dashed).](/paper-figures/c4cff517f2c543d195c0cef6e07487e1/effects-of-dependence-in-high-dimensional-multiple-testing-problems-figure-4.jpg)



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“FDR correction was chosen as it has been shown to be appropriate and robust for biological data that inherently show dependencies, such as those in the present study [60, 61, 62].”
From Interpersonal Synchronization of Autonomic Physiology via Mere Visual Contact (2026) · cites this paper as [60]
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Cites
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MethodInfluentialZhang, S., Shan, T., Xu, J., et al. (2023) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/ppl.14010 · Cited by 3
Decreased levels and function of dendritic cells in blood and airways predict COVID ‐19 severity
Österberg, B., Falck‐Jones, S., Vangeti, S., Åhlberg, E., Yu, M., Granja, D., Snik, M. E., Falck‐Jones, R., Barros, G. W. F., Charles, A., et al. (2025) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1002/cti2.70026 · Cited by 4
GDNF triggers proliferation of rat C6 glioma cells via the NF-κB/CXCL1 signaling pathway
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Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis of Two Types of Hami Melons in Low-Temperature Storage
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“Dissociation curve analysis was performed as follows: 15 s at 95 ◦ C, 1 min at 60 ◦ C, 15 s at 95 ◦ C, and 30 s at 50 ◦ C. Amplification was carried out in a 96-well plate, and the SybrGreen signal was detected at the end of each extension step at 60 ◦ C in each cycle.”
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“31 Power analyses indicated that most correlations between GCDH and HNC exceeded 90%, supporting that the null findings are biologically driven rather than due to insufficient power.”
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A general approach to account for dependence in large-scale multiple testing
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ChunTai, W. (2018) · Journal of Oil Palm Research · doi:10.21894/jopr.2018.0001 · Cited by 2
“A false discovery rate analysis was performed according to the procedure developed by Kim and van de Wiel (2008).”
MethodOn k-FWE-based critical values for controlling the false discovery proportion under dependencePreprint
Delattre, S., & Roquain, É. (2013) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 2
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Introduction to Statistical Methods for Complex Systems
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Phenome-wide HLA association landscape of 235,000 Finnish biobank participantsPreprint
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kim, K. I., & van de Wiel, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Eindhoven University of Technology (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Kyung In
- Venue
- BMC Bioinformatics
- Published
- 2008-02-25
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 114-114
- ISSN
- 1471-2105 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2375137
- OpenAlex
- W2116319049
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Bioinformatics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- TU/e Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gene expression and cancer classification
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Inference
- Keywords
- multiple comparisons, false discovery rate, high-dimensional data, microarray data, conditional independence structure, sparsity
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Sensitivity and Specificity, Statistics as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Artifacts, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Gene Expression Profiling
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