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Experimental evolution with E. coli in diverse resource environments. I. Fluctuating environments promote divergence of replicate populations

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Cooper, Tim F, Lenski, Richard E·2010·BMC Evolutionary Biology
DOI 10.1186/1471-2148-10-11PMC PMC2827396
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Environmental conditions affect the topology of the adaptive landscape and thus the trajectories followed by evolving populations. For example, a heterogeneous environment might lead to a more rugged adaptive landscape, making it more likely that replicate populations would evolve toward distinct adaptive peaks, relative to a uniform environment. To date, the influence of environmental variability on evolutionary dynamics has received relatively little experimental study. RESULTS: We report findings from an experiment designed to test the effects of environmental variability on the adaptation and divergence of replicate populations of E. coli. A total of 42 populations evolved for 2000 generations in 7 environmental regimes that differed in the number, identity, and presentation of the limiting resource. Regimes were organized in two sets, having the sugars glucose and maltose singly and in combination, or glucose and lactose singly and in combination. Combinations of sugars were presented either simultaneously or as temporally fluctuating resource regimes. This design allowed us to compare the effects of resource identity and presentation on the evolutionary trajectories followed by replicate populations. After 2000 generations, the fitness of all populations had increased relative to the common ancestor, but to different extents. Populations evolved in glucose improved the least, whereas populations evolving in maltose or lactose increased the most in their respective sets. Among-population divergence also differed across regimes, with variation higher in those groups that evolved in fluctuating environments than in those that faced constant resource regimens. This divergence under the fluctuating conditions increased between 1000 and 2000 generations, consistent with replicate populations evolving toward distinct adaptive peaks. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that environmental heterogeneity can give rise to more rugged adaptive landscapes, which in turn promote evolutionary diversification. These results also demonstrate that this effect depends on the form of environmental heterogeneity, with greater divergence when the pairs of resources fluctuated temporally rather than being presented simultaneously.

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Figure 1 Direct and correlated fitness responses of the replicate populations in each group. Panels labelled glu(mal) and glu(lac) correspond to the same glucose-evolved populations but assayed in resource environments comprising the glu&mal or glu&lac sets, respectively. Each point is the mean of five fitness assays. Lines connect the same population across the different environments.
Figure 1 Direct and correlated fitness responses of the replicate populations in each group. Panels labelled glu(mal) and glu(lac) correspond to the same glucose-evolved populations but assayed in resource environments comprising the glu&mal or glu&lac sets, respectively. Each point is the mean of five fitness assays. Lines connect the same population across the different environments.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Direct fitness responses of replicate populations within each group after 1000 and 2000 generations of experimental evolution. All fitness values are expressed relative to the common ancestor. Each point is the mean of four assays performed in the same experimental blocks. Lines connect the same populations measured at 1000 and 2000 generations.
Figure 2 Direct fitness responses of replicate populations within each group after 1000 and 2000 generations of experimental evolution. All fitness values are expressed relative to the common ancestor. Each point is the mean of four assays performed in the same experimental blocks. Lines connect the same populations measured at 1000 and 2000 generations.CC BY · PubMed Central

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  1. Kauffman SA The Origins of Order 1993 New York: Oxford Univ. Press

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Metadata

Authors
Cooper, T. F., & Lenski, R. E.
Affiliations
  • University of Houston (US)
  • Michigan State University (US)
Corresponding author
Cooper, Tim F
ORCID
Venue
BMC Evolutionary Biology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2010
Volume
10
Issue
1
Pages
11
ISSN
1471-2148 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1471-2148-10-11
PMC
PMC2827396
OpenAlex
W2007287937
Cited by
129
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 10
FWCI
5.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • BMC Evolutionary Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
  • Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Language and cultural evolution
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
Keywords
experimental evolution, Escherichia coli, environmental variability, environmental heterogeneity, population divergence, resource competition, glucose, maltose, lactose, evolutionary trajectories, fitness
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Analysis of Variance, Culture Media, Environment, Escherichia coli, Genetics, Population, Evolution, Molecular, Genetic Fitness

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