Large genomic differences between the morphologically indistinguishable diplomonads Spironucleus barkhanus and Spironucleus salmonicida
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Background: Microbial eukaryotes show large variations in genome structure and content between lineages, indicating extensive flexibility over evolutionary timescales. Here we address the tempo and mode of such changes within diplomonads, flagellated protists with two nuclei found in oxygen-poor environments. Approximately 5,000 expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences were generated from the fish commensal Spironucleus barkhanus and compared to sequences from the morphologically indistinguishable fish parasite Spironucleus salmonicida, and other diplomonads. The ESTs were complemented with sequence variation studies in selected genes and genome size determinations. Results: Many genes detected in S. barkhanus and S. salmonicida are absent in the human parasite Giardia intestinalis, the most intensively studied diplomonad. For example, these fish diplomonads show an extended metabolic repertoire and are able to incorporate selenocysteine into proteins. The codon usage is altered in S. barkhanus compared to S. salmonicida. Sequence variations were found between individual S. barkhanus ESTs for many, but not all, protein coding genes. Conversely, no allelic variation was found in a previous genome survey of S. salmonicida. This difference was confirmed by sequencing of genomic DNA. Up to five alleles were identified for the cloned S. barkhanus genes, and at least nineteen highly expressed S. barkhanus genes are represented by more than four alleles in the EST dataset. This could be explained by the presence of a non-clonal S. barkhanus population in the culture, by a ploidy above four, or by duplications of parts of the genome. Indeed, genome size estimations using flow cytometry indicated similar haploid genome sizes in S. salmonicida and G. intestinalis (~12 Mb), whereas the S. barkhanus genome is larger (~18 Mb). Conclusions: This study indicates extensive divergent genome evolution within diplomonads. Genomic traits such as codon usage, frequency of allelic sequence variation, and genome size have changed considerably between S. barkhanus and S. salmonicida. These observations suggest that large genomic differences may accumulate in morphologically indistinguishable eukaryotic microbes.
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Annexin homologs from Spironucleus were reported to be more similar to other annexins than to alpha-giardins.
“Annexin homologs from Spironucleus, another parasitic diplomonad lineage, were reported to be more similar to other annexins than to alpha-giardins (13).”
From Comparative Cell Biology and Evolution of Annexins in Diplomonads (2016) · cites this paper as [13]
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- Morrison HG McArthur AG Gillin FD Aley SB Adam RD Olsen GJ Best AA Cande WZ Chen F Cipriano MJ Genomic minimalism in the early diverging intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia Science 2007 317 1921 1926 10.1126/science.1143837 17901334 · DOI · Paper page
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Wiśniewska, M. M., Salomaki, E. D., Silberman, J. D., Terpis, K. X., Mazancová, E., Táborský, P., Jinatham, V., Gentekaki, E., Čepička, I., & Kolisko, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.27123689
Wiśniewska, M. M., Salomaki, E. D., Silberman, J. D., Terpis, K. X., Mazancová, E., Táborský, P., Jinatham, V., Gentekaki, E., Čepička, I., & Kolisko, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.27123683
Wiśniewska, M. M., Salomaki, E. D., Silberman, J. D., Terpis, K. X., Mazancová, E., Táborský, P., Jinatham, V., Gentekaki, E., Čepička, I., & Kolisko, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.27123701
Wiśniewska, M. M., Salomaki, E. D., Silberman, J. D., Terpis, K. X., Mazancová, E., Táborský, P., Jinatham, V., Gentekaki, E., Čepička, I., & Kolisko, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.27123707
- Authors
- Roxström-Lindquist, K., Jerlström-Hultqvist, J., Jørgensen, A., Troell, K., Svärd, S. G., & Andersson, J. O.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Andersson, Jan O
- Venue
- BMC Genomics
- Published
- 2010-04-21
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 258-258
- ISSN
- 1471-2164 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2874811
- OpenAlex
- W2095519923
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- BMC Genomics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Carl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig Forskning
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Keywords
- diplomonads, Giardia lamblia, genome evolution, expressed sequence tags, allelic variation, codon usage, selenocysteine incorporation, genome size, fish parasites
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Molecular Sequence Data, Salmonidae, Sequence Alignment, Genome, Diplomonadida
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