Biogenic amines and their metabolites are differentially affected in the Mecp2-deficient mouse brain
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Rett syndrome (RTT, MIM #312750) is a severe neurological disorder caused by mutations in the X-linked methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Female patients are affected with an incidence of 1/15000 live births and develop normally from birth to 6-18 months of age before the onset of deficits in autonomic, cognitive, motor functions (stereotypic hand movements, impaired locomotion) and autistic features. Studies on Mecp2 mouse models, and specifically null mice, revealed morphological and functional alterations of neurons. Several functions that are regulated by bioaminergic nuclei or peripheral ganglia are impaired in the absence of Mecp2. RESULTS: Using high performance liquid chromatography, combined with electrochemical detection (HPLC/EC) we found that Mecp2(-/y) mice exhibit an alteration of DA metabolism in the ponto-bulbar region at 5 weeks followed by a more global alteration of monoamines when the disease progresses (8 weeks). Hypothalamic measurements suggest biphasic disturbances of norepinephrine and serotonin at pathology onset (5 weeks) that were found stabilized later on (8 weeks). Interestingly, the postnatal nigrostriatal dopaminergic deficit identified previously does not parallel the reduction of the other neurotransmitters investigated. Finally, dosage in cortical samples do not suggest modification in the monoaminergic content respectively at 5 and 8 weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified that the level of catecholamines and serotonin is differentially affected in Mecp2(-/y) brain areas in a time-dependent fashion.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Loss of MeCP2 compromises the nigrostriatal DA pathway in mice, where the number of DA-synthesizing neurons is significantly decreased in the substantia nigra of RS model mice.
“Loss of MeCP2 also compromises the nigrostriatal DA pathway in mice, where the number of DA-synthesizing neurons is significantly decreased in the substantia nigra of RS model mice [701].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [701]
In an engineered MeCP2-deficient mouse model, a postnatal reduction of DA and its metabolite homovanillic acid was seen in the caudate putamen.
“In an engineered MeCP2-deficient mouse model, a postnatal reduction of DA and its metabolite homovanillic acid was seen in the caudate putamen [701,702]”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [701]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G. (2001) · Cited by 12,859 · see citing works
Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in X-linked MECP2, encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2
Amir, R. E., Van den Veyver, I. B., Wan, M., Tran, C. Q., Francke, U., & Zoghbi, H. Y. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/13810 · Cited by 4,990 · see citing works
The locus coeruleus and noradrenergic modulation of cognition
Sara, S. J. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2573 · Cited by 1,848 · see citing works
Neurotrophins as synaptic modulators
Poo, M.-M. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35049004 · Cited by 1,775 · see citing works
A mouse Mecp2-null mutation causes neurological symptoms that mimic Rett syndrome
Guy, J., Hendrich, B., Holmes, M., Martin, J. E., & Bird, A. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/85899 · Cited by 1,558 · see citing works
Rett syndrome: Revised diagnostic criteria and nomenclature
Neul, J. L., Kaufmann, W. E., Glaze, D. G., Christodoulou, J., Clarke, A. J., Bahi‐Buisson, N., Leonard, H., Bailey, M. E. S., Schanen, N. C., Zappella, M., et al. (2010) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22124 · Cited by 1,398 · see citing works
Deficiency of methyl-CpG binding protein-2 in CNS neurons results in a Rett-like phenotype in mice
Chen, R. Z., Akbarian, S., Tudor, M., & Jaenisch, R. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/85906 · Cited by 1,275 · see citing works
The Story of Rett Syndrome: From Clinic to Neurobiology
Chahrour, M., & Zoghbi, H. Y. (2007) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.001 · Cited by 1,265 · see citing works
Yadav, V. K., Oury, F., Suda, N., Liu, Z.-W., Gao, X.-B., Confavreux, C., Klemenhagen, K. C., Tanaka, K. F., Gingrich, J. A., Guo, X. E., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.051 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Dani, V. S., Chang, Q., Maffei, A., Turrigiano, G. G., Jaenisch, R., & Nelson, S. B. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506071102 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Partial reversal of Rett Syndrome-like symptoms in MeCP2 mutant mice
Tropea, D., Giacometti, E., Wilson, N. R., Beard, C., McCurry, C., Fu, D. D., Flannery, R., Jaenisch, R., & Sur, M. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0812394106 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
The disease progression of Mecp2 mutant mice is affected by the level of BDNF expression
Chang, Q., Khare, G., Dani, V., Nelson, S., & Jaenisch, R. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.12.027 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Neuromodulatory transmitter systems in the cortex and their role in cortical plasticity
Gu, Q. (2002) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00026-x · Cited by 518 · see citing works
An update on clinically applicable diagnostic criteria in Rett syndrome
Hagberg, B. A., Hanefeld, F. A., Percy, A. K., & Skjeldal, O. H. (2002) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1053/ejpn.2002.0612 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Rett syndrome in Australia: A review of the epidemiology
Laurvick, C. L., de Klerk, N. H., Bower, C. I., Christodoulou, J., Ravine, D., Ellaway, C., Williamson, S. L., & Leonard, H. (2006) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.10.037 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Erickson, J., Conover, J., Borday, V., Champagnat, J., Barbacid, M., Yancopouloš, G., & Katz, D. M. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-17-05361.1996 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Mecp2 Deficiency Disrupts Norepinephrine and Respiratory Systems in Mice
Viemari, J., Roux, J., Tryba, A. K., Saywell, V., Burnet, H., Peña‐Ortega, F., Zanella, S., Bévengut, M., Barthélémy-Requin, M., Herzing, L. B. K., et al. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4373-05.2005 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Self-citationFyffe, S. L., Neul, J. L., Samaco, R. C., Chao, H.-T., Ben-Shachar, S., Moretti, P., McGill, B. E., Goulding, E. H., Sullivan, E., Tecott, L. H., et al. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.030 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Samaco, R. C., Mandel‐Brehm, C., Chao, H.-T., Ward, C. S., Fyffe-Maricich, S. L., Ren, J. T., Hyland, Κ., Christina Thaller, B., Maricich, S. M., Humphreys, P., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0912257106 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Neurotransmitters in the CNS control of breathing
Bonham, A. C. (1995) · Respiration Physiology · doi:10.1016/0034-5687(95)00045-f · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Katz, D. M., Dutschmann, M., Ramirez, J., & Hilaire, G. (2009) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2009.04.017 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Experimental models of Rett syndrome based on Mecp2 dysfunction
Calfa, G. D., Percy, A. K., & Pozzo‐Miller, L. D. (2011) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1258/ebm.2010.010261 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of Locus Ceruleus Neurons in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome
Taneja, P., Ogier, M., Brooks-Harris, G., Schmid, D. A., Katz, D. M., & Nelson, S. B. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3156-09.2009 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Arraf, Z., & Youdim, M. B. H. (2004) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Ide, S., Itoh, M., & Goto, Y. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.05.056 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Bałkowiec, A., & Katz, D. M. (1998) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.527bk.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Neural Substrates of Psychostimulant-Induced Arousal
Berridge, C. W. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301159 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Tassin, J. (2007) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.038 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Santos, M., Summavielle, T., Teixeira‐Castro, A., Silva‐Fernandes, A., Duarte‐Silva, S., Marques, F., Martins, L., Dierssen, M., Oliveira, P., Sousa, N., et al. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.010 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Khan, A. M., Ponzio, T. A., Sanchez‐Watts, G., Stanley, B. G., Hatton, G. I., & Watts, A. G. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0873-07.2007 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Panayotis, N., Pratte, M., Borges-Correia, A., Ghata, A., Villard, L., & Roux, J.-C. (2011) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2010.10.006 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationKutlu, S., Aydın, M., Alçin, E., Özcan, M., Bakoš, J., Ježová, D., & Yılmaz, B. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.044 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Biogenic Amines in Rett Syndrome: The Usual Suspects
Roux, J., & Villard, L. (2009) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-009-9303-y · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationProgressive motor and respiratory metabolism deficits in post-weaning Mecp2-null male mice
Pratte, M., Panayotis, N., Ghata, A. S., Villard, L., & Roux, J. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.08.011 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationLioy, D. T., Wu, W., & Bissonnette, J. M. (2011) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2011.01.006 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Isoda, K., Morimoto, M., Matsui, F., Hasegawa, T., Tozawa, T., Morioka, S., Chiyonobu, T., Nishimura, A., Yoshimoto, K., & Hosoi, H. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.11.036 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Oo, T. F., Marchionini, D. M., Yarygina, O., O’Leary, P. D., Hughes, R. A., Kholodilov, N. G., & Burke, R. E. (2009) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2009.04.009 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Neurochemical development of the brainstem catecholaminergic cell groups in rat
Roux, J., Mamet, J., Perrin, D., Peyronnet, J., Royer, C., Cottet-Émard, J. M., Pequignot, J. M., & Dalmaz, Y. (2003) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-002-0767-7 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationFermepín, M. R., Trinchero, M. F., Minetto, J., Beltrán, A., & Fernández, B. E. (2009) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/j.npep.2009.06.001 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Guevara, B. H., Torrico, F., Hoffmann, I., & Cubeddu, L. X. (2002) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1023/a:1021829629357 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 41 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dichter, G. S., Damiano, C. A., & Allen, J. A. (2012) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/1866-1955-4-19 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
MECP2 disorders: from the clinic to mice and back
Lombardi, L. M., Baker, S. A., & Zoghbi, H. Y. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci78167 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
DNA methylation map of mouse and human brain identifies target genes in Alzheimer’s disease
Sanchez-Mut, J. V., Aso, E., Panayotis, N., Lott, I., Dierssen, M., Rabano, A., Urdinguio, R. G., Fernandez, A. F., Astudillo, A., Martin-Subero, J. I., et al. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt237 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationBreathing challenges in Rett Syndrome: Lessons learned from humans and animal models
Ramirez, J., Ward, C. S., & Neul, J. L. (2013) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2013.06.022 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Kosillo, P., & Bateup, H. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2021.700968 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Rett syndrome – biological pathways leading from MECP2 to disorder phenotypes
Ehrhart, F., Coort, S. L., Cirillo, E., Smeets, E., Evelo, C. T., & Curfs, L. (2016) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-016-0545-5 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The first mecp2-null zebrafish model shows altered motor behaviors
Pietri, T., Roman, A.-C., Guyon, N., Romano, S. A., Washbourne, P., Moens, C. B., de Polavieja, G. G., & Sumbre, G. (2013) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2013.00118 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Abdala, A. P., Lioy, D. T., Garg†, S. K., Knopp, S. J., Paton, J. F. R., & Bissonnette, J. M. (2014) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2013-0372oc · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Khoury, R. E., Panayotis, N., Matagne, V., Ghata, A. S., Villard, L., & Roux, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092169 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationZanella, S., Doi, A., Garcia, A. J., Elsen, F. P., Kirsch, S., Wei, A. D., & Ramirez, J. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3644-12.2014 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Rett syndrome treatment in mouse models: Searching for effective targets and strategies
Ricceri, L., Filippis, B. D., & Giovanni Laviola, A. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.08.010 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Toward, M. A., Abdala, A. P., Knopp, S. J., Paton, J. F. R., & Bissonnette, J. M. (2012) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2012.069872 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Cosentino, L., Vigli, D., Franchi, F., Giovanni Laviola, A., & Filippis, B. D. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.013 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The brain serotonin system in autism
Rodnyy, A. Y., Kondaurova, E. M., Tsybko, A. S., Popova, N. K., Kudlay, D. A., & Naumenko, V. S. (2023) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2023-0055 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Wood, K. H., Johnson, B. S., Welsh, S. A., Lee, J. Y., Cui, Y., Krizman, E. N., Brodkin, E. S., Blendy, J. A., Robinson, M. B., Bartolomei, M. S., et al. (2016) · Epigenomics · doi:10.2217/epi-2015-0004 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Alterations in the cholinergic system of brain stem neurons in a mouse model of Rett syndrome
Oginsky, M. F., Cui, N., Zhong, W., Johnson, C. M., & Jiang, C. L. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00035.2014 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Are dopamine receptor and transporter changes in Rett syndrome reflected in Mecp2-deficient mice?
Wong, D. F., Blue, M. E., Brašić, J. R., Nandi, A., Valentine, H., Stansfield, K. H., ROUSSET, O. G., Bibat, G., Yablonski, M. E., Johnston, M. V., et al. (2018) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.05.019 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Gonçalez, J. L., Shen, J., & Li, W. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13242077 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in Rett Syndrome with sodium channel blocking antiepileptic drugs
Herrera, J. A., Ward, C. S., Pitcher, M. R., Percy, A. K., Skinner, S. A., Kaufmann, W. E., Glaze, D. G., Wehrens, X. H. T., & Neul, J. L. (2015) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.020131 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Villani, C., Sacchetti, G., Carli, M., & Invernizzi, R. W. (2020) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108221 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Deficits of brainstem and spinal cord functions after neonatal hypoxia–ischemia in mice
Bellot, B., Peyronnet, J., Gire, C., Siméoni, U., Vinay, L., & Viemari, J. (2014) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/pr.2014.42 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Tsai, S. (2012) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.883251 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Murasawa, H., Kobayashi, H., Imai, J., Nagase, T., Soumiya, H., & Fukumitsu, H. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0258830 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Altered somatosensory barrel cortex refinement in the developing brain of Mecp2-null mice
Moroto, M., Nishimura, A., Morimoto, M., Isoda, K., Morita, T., Yoshida, M., Morioka, S., Tozawa, T., Hasegawa, T., Chiyonobu, T., et al. (2013) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.09.017 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Translational Medicine Strategies in Drug Development for Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Srivastava, S., Şahin, M., & Prock, L. A. (2019) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803161-2.00022-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Pan, C.-H., & Tsai, S. (2012) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.882183 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Serotonin Disturbance in Mouse Models of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Tamada, K., & Takumi, T. (2014) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2250-5_9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
What Gene Mutations Affect Serotonin in Mice?
Tenpenny, R. C., & Commons, K. G. (2017) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00441 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Timing of MeCP2 Expression Determines Midbrain Dopamine Neuron Phenotype Specification
He, X., Guo, F., Li, K., Yan, J., & Lee, S. (2022) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1093/stmcls/sxac061 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Villani, C., Sacchetti, G., & Invernizzi, R. W. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14101230 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ricceri, L., Filippis, B. D., & Giovanni Laviola, A. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107360556.013
Social dysfunction and mental retardation
Pietropaolo, S., Sluyter, F., & Crusio, W. E. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107360556.010
Intervention to Extrasynaptic Gabaa Receptors for Symptom Relief in Mouse Models of Rett Syndrome
Zhong, W. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/10039490
Premature MeCP2 Expression Disturbs the Subtype Specification of Midbrain Dopamine NeuronsPreprint
He, X., Guo, F., Li, K., Yan, J., & Lee, S. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.12.468365
McGraw, C. M., Soriano, S., Hao, S., Connolly, D. R., Chahrour, A., Wu, Z., Liang, A. J., Sun, Y., Tang, J., & Samaco, R. C. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.01.18.576265
Carotid body dysfunction contributes to respiratory instability in Rett syndrome
Strain, M. L., da Silva, E. N., Olsen, M. L., & Mulkey, D. K. (2026) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2026.08.015
- Authors
- Panayotis, N., Ghata, A., Villard, L., & Roux, J.-C.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Panayotis, Nicolas
- Venue
- BMC Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-05-24
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 47-47
- ISSN
- 1471-2202 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3112112
- OpenAlex
- W2062976968
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- E-Rare
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- Rett syndrome, MeCP2, biogenic amines, monoamine metabolism, catecholamines, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine metabolism, Mecp2 knockout mice, hypothalamus
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Animals, Brain, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Dopamine, Male, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
