The locus coeruleus and noradrenergic modulation of cognition

Sara, Susan J.

doi:10.1038/nrn2573

Cited by 1,848Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorMemory and Neural MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

The locus coeruleus and noradrenergic modulation of cognition

Sara, Susan J.·2009·Nature Reviews Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nrn2573

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Abstract

Mood, attention and motivation co-vary with activity in the neuromodulatory systems of the brain to influence behaviour. These psychological states, mediated by neuromodulators, have a profound influence on the cognitive processes of attention, perception and, particularly, our ability to retrieve memories from the past and make new ones. Moreover, many psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are related to dysfunction of these neuromodulatory systems. Neurons of the brainstem nucleus locus coeruleus are the sole source of noradrenaline, a neuromodulator that has a key role in all of these forebrain activities. Elucidating the factors that control the activity of these neurons and the effect of noradrenaline in target regions is key to understanding how the brain allocates attention and apprehends the environment to select, store and retrieve information for generating adaptive behaviour.

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From Brainstem noradrenergic modulation of the kisspeptin neuron GnRH pulse generator in mice (2025) · cites this paper as [51]
Noradrenaline release from locus coeruleus neurons may signal arousal, novelty, and reward prediction.
“It has been suggested that noradrenaline release from locus coeruleus neurons may signal arousal, novelty, and reward prediction [109].”
From Presynaptic cAMP-PKA-mediated potentiation induces reconfiguration of synaptic vesicle pools and channel-vesicle coupling at hippocampal mossy fiber boutons (2024) · cites this paper as [109]

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“These data provide ecologically-valid support for the hypothesized interaction between arousal and cognitive processing (Sara, 2009; Sara and Bouret, 2012), here applied specifically to selective attention and sensory processing.”
Background
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“Cells in the dorsal aspects of the LC-NA have also been shown to project to the frontal and parietal cortices where they are thought to be strongly associated with arousal and vigilance 51,52 .”
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Authors: Sara, S. J.
Affiliations: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author: Sara, Susan J.
ORCID: Sara, Susan J.
Venue: Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2009-02-04
Volume: 10
Issue: 3
Pages: 211-223
ISSN: 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
1471-0048
DOI: 10.1038/nrn2573
OpenAlex: W2030325164
Cited by: 1,848
References: 8
Citations by year: 2026: 145 · 2025: 176 · 2024: 137 · 2023: 121 · 2022: 134 · 2021: 128 · 2020: 131 · 2019: 107 · 2018: 113 · 2017: 114 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 85 · 2013: 89 · 2012: 63
FWCI: 5.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: locus coeruleus, norepinephrine, neuromodulation, cognition, attention, memory, learning, sensory processing, mood, motivation, brainstem neurons
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Attention, Brain, Cognition, Dopamine, Humans, Locus Coeruleus, Memory, Nerve Net, Norepinephrine

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The locus coeruleus and noradrenergic modulation of cognition

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