The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Systematic reviews of adverse effects: framework for a structured approach
Open accessAbstract
Background: As every healthcare intervention carries some risk of harm, clinical decision making needs to be supported by a systematic assessment of the balance of benefit to harm. A systematic review that considers only the favourable outcomes of an intervention, without also assessing the adverse effects, can mislead by introducing a bias favouring the intervention. Much of the current guidance on systematic reviews is directed towards the evaluation of effectiveness; but this differs in important ways from the methods used in assessing the safety and tolerability of an intervention. A detailed discussion of why, how and when to include adverse effects in a systematic review, is required. Methods: This discussion paper, which presupposes a basic knowledge of systematic review methodology, was developed by consensus among experienced reviewers, members of the Adverse Effects Subgroup of The Cochrane Collaboration, and supplemented by a consultation of content experts in reviews methodology, as well as those working in drug safety. Results: A logical framework for making decisions in reviews that incorporate adverse effects is provided. We explore situations where a comprehensive investigation of adverse effects is warranted and suggest strategies to identify practicable and clinically useful outcomes. The advantages and disadvantages of including observational and experimental study designs are reviewed. The consequences of including separate studies for intended and unintended effects are explained. Detailed advice is given on designing electronic searches for studies with adverse effects data. Reviewers of adverse effects are given general guidance on the assessment of study bias, data collection, analysis, presentation and the interpretation of harms in a systematic review. Conclusion: Readers need to be able to recognize how strategic choices made in the review process determine what harms are found, and how the findings may affect clinical decisions. Researchers undertaking a systematic review that incorporates adverse effect data should understand the rationale for the suggested methods and be able to implement them in their review.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nine articles (10%) made recommendations on how to perform data extraction [29, 33–35, 38, 43, 47, 48, 74], with publication dates between 1995 and 2016 (median year of publication 2009).”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“As this is the first systematic review of the literature involving meditation adverse events (MAEs), we utilized the 'broad sweep' approach recommended by the Cochrane Adverse Effects Methods Group (27) in order to gain a general view of the variety of adverse events, as well as attempting a preliminary estimate of their prevalence.”
From Adverse events in meditation practices and meditation‐based therapies: a systematic review (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
In the citing paper
“Twenty articles (22%) gave recommendations on the key item “research question” [29, 30, 35, 36, 38–43, 45–54], with publication dates between 1997 and 2015 (median year of publication 2009).”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Sixteen articles (17%) provided recommendations on the key item “protocol development” (Table 3), [29–44] with publication dates between 1994 and 2015 (median year of publication 2009).”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“There was some disagreement (Table 4) whether the research question should be specific (narrowly formulated) [51, 53], or general (broadly formulated) [35, 47, 49].”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“The articles recommended that the protocol should state the objectives, hypotheses to be tested and the rationale of the review, [29] and that it should describe eligibility criteria [29, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 41], define the type of studies to be included [35, 37, 42, 44], and give the reason when including observational studies in the review [35, 37, 40].”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Thirty-three articles (35%) made recommendations about the key item “search strategy” [12, 29, 30, 33–36, 38, 39, 43, 46–51, 53–69], with publication dates between 1995 and 2016 (median year of publication 2007).”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“The majority of articles discussed aspects general to systematic reviews including advantages and limitations of different literature sources and databases, search tools, the importance of identifying unpublished studies, literature searching techniques including how to build a search string and reporting [12, 29, 33–36, 46, 48, 50, 51, 53, 54, 57, 59–62, 67, 68].”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Twenty-five (27%) articles gave recommendations on item “considering different study designs” [8, 29, 34, 35, 37–39, 42, 44, 49, 51, 56, 61, 65, 70, 73, 75, 76, 77–83], with publication dates between 1995 and 2016 (median year of publication 2007).”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Five articles discouraged combining different study designs in meta-analyses but saw the added value of including different designs in a systematic review [35, 38, 56, 61, 75].”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Most articles considered the combination of RCTs and non-randomised designs [29, 35, 38, 39, 49, 51, 56, 61, 75, 81].”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Authors agreed that combining different study designs in a meta-analysis can lead to misleading results if done without careful consideration [35, 38, 56, 70, 75, 76].”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“The need for complete reporting of all relevant methodological aspects as a prerequisite to assessing the risk of bias of studies was highlighted in 10 articles, [16, 33, 35, 47, 50, 56, 86, 87, 90, 91] and was the focus of recommendations in a publication from the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group [12].”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Thirty-nine articles (42%) made recommendations on the assessment of quality and risk of bias of individual studies, [12, 16, 29, 30, 32–35, 37, 38, 43, 47–50, 52–54, 56, 64–66, 70, 71, 73, 75, 77, 82, 84–94] with publication dates between 1994 and 2016 (median year of publication 2009).”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Fifty-two articles (56%), provided recommendations on the statistical analysis in the context of meta-analysis of observational studies [8, 12, 16, 29–31, 33–36, 38, 41–44, 47, 48, 52, 54–56, 61, 66, 70, 72, 73, 77, 79–83, 85, 87, 96, 100, 101, 103–105, 107–118], with publication dates between 1994 and 2016 (median year of publication 2006).”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Authors recommended not to pool if heterogeneity is too high [35, 38, 47, 85, 103], and use statistical measures of heterogeneity to choose between random-effects (in case of heterogeneity) and fixed-effect models [55, 66].”
From Methods to systematically review and meta-analyse observational studies: a systematic scoping review of recommendations (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 17,633
Assessing the quality of controlled clinical trials
Jüni, P., Altman, D. G., & Egger, M. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.42 · Cited by 3,309
Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies
Deeks, J., Dinnes, J., D'Amico, R., Sowden, A., Sakarovitch, C., Song, F., Petticrew, M., & Altman, D. (2003) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta7270 · Cited by 2,907
Charbonneau, D. H. (2005) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 2,041
Better Reporting of Harms in Randomized Trials: An Extension of the CONSORT Statement
Ioannidis, J. P. A., Evans, S. J. W., Gøtzsche, P. C., O'Neill, R. T., Altman, D. G., Schulz, K., Moher, D., & for the CONSORT Group* (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-10-200411160-00009 · Cited by 1,593
Risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage with long term use of aspirin: meta-analysis
Derry, S. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7270.1183 · Cited by 675
Probability of adverse events that have not yet occurred: a statistical reminder
Eypasch, E. P., Lefering, R., Kum, C. K., & Troidl, H. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7005.619 · Cited by 342
Comparison of evidence on harms of medical interventions in randomized and nonrandomized studies
Papanikolaou, P. N. (2006) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.050873 · Cited by 229
Bent, S., Padula, A., & Avins, A. L. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-4-200602210-00007 · Cited by 177
Reporting of Adverse Effects in Clinical Trials Should Be Improved
Edwards, J. E., McQuay, H. J., Moore, R. A., & Collins, S. (1999) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/s0885-3924(99)00093-7 · Cited by 165
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Systematic reviews: CRD's guidance for undertaking reviews in health care
Tacconelli, E. (2010) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70065-7 · Cited by 3,270
Thangaratinam, S., Rogozinska, E., Jolly, K., Glinkowski, S., Roseboom, T., Tomlinson, J. W., Kunz, R., Mol, B. W., Coomarasamy, A., & Khan, K. S. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e2088 · Cited by 802
Side-effects associated with ketamine use in depression: a systematic review
Short, B., Fong, J., Galvez, V., Shelker, W., & Loo, C. K. (2018) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30272-9 · Cited by 558
PRISMA harms checklist: improving harms reporting in systematic reviews
Zorzela, L., Loke, Y. K., Ioannidis, J. P., Golder, S., Santaguida, P., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., Vohra, S., & PRISMA harms group (2016) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i157 · Cited by 557
Self-citationWater fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries
Iheozor-Ejiofor, Z., Worthington, H. V., Walsh, T., O'Malley, L., Clarkson, J. E., Macey, R., Alam, R., Tugwell, P., Welch, V., & Glenny, A.-M. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010856.pub2 · Cited by 214
Mueller, M., D’Addario, M., Egger, M., Cevallos, M., Dekkers, O., Mugglin, C., & Scott, P. (2018) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-018-0495-9 · Cited by 400
Systematic review of the adverse effects of cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment in the New World
Júnior, L. F. G. D. O., Schubach, A. D. O., Martins, M. M., Passos, S. R. L., de Oliveira, R. D. V. C., Marzochi, M. C. D. A., & de Andrade, C. A. F. (2011) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.02.007 · Cited by 391
A review of safety, side-effects and subjective reactions to intranasal oxytocin in human research
MacDonald, E., Dadds, M. R., Brennan, J. L., Williams, K., Levy, F., & Cauchi, A. J. (2011) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.02.015 · Cited by 359
Safety and Effectiveness of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 for Spinal Fusion
Simmonds, M. C., Brown, J. V. E., Heirs, M. K., Higgins, J. P. T., Mannion, R., Rodgers, M., & Stewart, L. A. (2013) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-158-12-201306180-00005 · Cited by 336
Safety and tolerability of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve stimulation in humans; a systematic review
Redgrave, J. N. E., Day, D., Leung, H., Laud, P. J., Ali, A., Lindert, R., & Majid, A. (2018) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2018.08.010 · Cited by 322
Hunt, H., Pollock, A., Campbell, P., Estcourt, L., & Brunton, G. (2018) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-018-0695-8 · Cited by 314
Use of placebo controls in the evaluation of surgery: systematic review
Wartolowska, K. A., Judge, A., Hopewell, S., Collins, P. G. S., Dean, B. J. F., Rombach, I., Brindley, D. A., Savulescu, J., Beard, D. J., & Carr, A. J. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g3253 · Cited by 288
Ngamruengphong, S., Leontiadis, G. I., Radhi, S., Dentino, A. N., & NUGENT, K. M. (2011) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2011.113 · Cited by 282
Golder, S., Loke, Y. K., & Bland, M. (2011) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001026 · Cited by 279
Self-citationAdverse events in meditation practices and meditation‐based therapies: a systematic review
Farias, M., Maraldi, E., Wallenkampf, K. C., & Lucchetti, G. (2020) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13225 · Cited by 262
Single‐event multilevel surgery for children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
McGinley, J. L., Dobson, F., Ganeshalingam, R., Shore, B. J., Rutz, E., & Graham, H. K. (2011) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04143.x · Cited by 249
Donnan, J. R., Grandy, C. A., Chibrikov, E., Marra, C. A., Aubrey-Bassler, K., Johnston, K., Swab, M., Hache, J., Curnew, D., Nguyen, H., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022577 · Cited by 222
Gagnier, J. J., Moher, D., Boon, H., Beyene, J., & Bombardier, C. (2012) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-12-111 · Cited by 222
Safety of ultrasonography in pregnancy: WHO systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis
Torloni, M. R., Vedmedovska, N., Merialdi, M., Betrán, A. P., Allen, T., González, R., & Platt, L. D. (2009) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.6328 · Cited by 222
Quality of reporting in systematic reviews of adverse events: systematic review
Zorzela, L., Golder, S., Liu, Y., Pilkington, K., Hartling, L., Joffe, A., Loke, Y., & Vohra, S. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f7668 · Cited by 217
Self-citationSomkrua, R., Eickman, E. E., Saokaew, S., Lohitnavy, M., & Chaiyakunapruk, N. (2011) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/1471-2350-12-118 · Cited by 220
The efficacy and safety of probiotics in people with cancer: A systematic review
Redman, M. G., Ward, E. J., & Phillips, R. S. (2014) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdu106 · Cited by 213
Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children
Wong, M. C. M., Glenny, A., Tsang, B. W., Lo, E. C. M., Worthington, H. V., & Marinho, V. C. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007693.pub2 · Cited by 208
Antibiotic exposure in neonates and early adverse outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Esaiassen, E., Fjalstad, J. W., Juvet, L. K., van den Anker, J. N., & Klingenberg, C. (2017) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkx088 · Cited by 200
Achten, N. B., Klingenberg, C., Benitz, W. E., Stocker, M., Schlapbach, L. J., Giannoni, É., Bokelaar, R., Driessen, G. J. A., Brodin, P., Uthaya, S. N., et al. (2019) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2825 · Cited by 189
Chou, R., Aronson, N., Atkins, D. C., Ismaila, A., Santaguida, P. L., Smith, D. H., Whitlock, E. P., Wilt, T. J., & Moher, D. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.06.007 · Cited by 198
Breeksema, J. J., Kuin, B. W., Kamphuis, J., van den Brink, W., Vermetten, E., & Schoevers, R. A. (2022) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811221116926 · Cited by 178
Frequency of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Miguel, A., Azevedo, L. F., de Araújo, M. B., & Costa‐Pereira, A. (2012) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.3309 · Cited by 181
Systematic Review of the Toxicity of Long-Course Oral Corticosteroids in Children
Aljebab, F., Choonara, I., & Conroy, S. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170259 · Cited by 173
Bertot, L. C., Sato, M., Tateishi, R., Yoshida, H., & Koike, K. (2011) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-011-2222-3 · Cited by 170
Gillies, M. B., Ranakusuma, A., Hoffmann, T., Thorning, S., McGuire, T., Glasziou, P., & Mar, C. D. (2014) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.140848 · Cited by 154
Safety of Acupuncture: Overview of Systematic Reviews
Chan, M. W. C., Wu, X. Y., Wu, J. C. Y., Wong, S. Y. S., & Chung, V. C. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03272-0 · Cited by 147
Junqueira, D. R., Zorzela, L., & Perini, É. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007557.pub3 · Cited by 145
Systematic review of the toxicity of short-course oral corticosteroids in children
Aljebab, F., Choonara, I., & Conroy, S. (2016) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2015-309522 · Cited by 144
Overbeek, A., van den Berg, M. H., van Leeuwen, F. E., Kaspers, G. J. L., Lambalk, C. B., & Broeder, E. V. D. (2016) · Cancer Treatment Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.11.006 · Cited by 141
Challenges and strategies in drug delivery systems for treatment of pulmonary infections
Ho, D., Nichols, B. L. B., Edgar, K. J., Murgia, X., Loretz, B., & Lehr, C. (2019) · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.002 · Cited by 142
The Safety of Acupuncture during Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Park, J., Sohn, Y., White, A. R., & Lee, H. (2014) · Acupuncture in Medicine · doi:10.1136/acupmed-2013-010480 · Cited by 124
Kienle, G. S., Grugel, R., & Kiene, H. (2011) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-11-72 · Cited by 104
Guidance for Modifying the Definition of Diseases
Doust, J. A., Vandvik, P. O., Qaseem, A., Mustafa, R. A., Horvath, A. R., FRANCES, A. J., Al‐Ansary, L. A., Bossuyt, P. M., Ward, R. L., Kopp, I., et al. (2017) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.1302 · Cited by 108
Anti-IL-12/23p40 antibodies for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
MacDonald, J. K., Nguyen, T. M., Khanna, R., & Timmer, A. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007572.pub3 · Cited by 89
Complications of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in plantar fasciitis: Systematic review
Roerdink, R. L., Dietvorst, M., van der Zwaard, B. C., van der Worp, H., & Zwerver, J. (2017) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.587 · Cited by 87
Devlin, J. J., Pomerleau, A. C., Brent, J. A., Morgan, B., Deitchman, S. D., & Schwartz, M. D. (2013) · Journal of Medical Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s13181-013-0320-0 · Cited by 87
Adverse event reporting in intervention research for young autistic children
Bottema-Beutel, K., Crowley, S., Sandbank, M., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2021) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320965331 · Cited by 84
Antenatal magnesium sulphate and adverse neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Shepherd, E., Salam, R. A., Manhas, D., Synnes, A. R., Middleton, P., Makrides, M., & Crowther, C. A. (2019) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002988 · Cited by 83
Ahmed, M., Hwang, J. H., Choi, S., & Han, D. (2017) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1995-6 · Cited by 81
Schmucker, C. M., Loke, Y. K., Ehlken, C., Agostini, H. T., Hansen, L. L., Antes, G., & Lelgemann, M. (2010) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.2009.178574 · Cited by 78
Self-citationHassan, H., Rompola, M., Glaser, A., Kinsey, S. E., & Phillips, B. (2018) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-018-4216-z · Cited by 79
Bain, E., Middleton, P., & Crowther, C. A. (2013) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-13-195 · Cited by 79
Wang, Y.-H., Yao, N., Wei, K.-K., Jiang, L., Hanif, S., Wang, Z.-X., & Pei, C.-X. (2016) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.102 · Cited by 77
Mefloquine for preventing malaria during travel to endemic areas
Tickell‐Painter, M., Maayan, N., Saunders, R., Pace, C., & Sinclair, D. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006491.pub4 · Cited by 73
Vouri, S. M., Kebodeaux, C. D., Stranges, P. M., & Teshome, B. F. (2016) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2016.11.006 · Cited by 72
Kulkarni, S., Durham, H., Glover, L., Ather, O., Phillips, V., Nemes, S., Cousens, L. P., Blomgran, P., & Ambery, P. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061476 · Cited by 70
Tucker, H.-R., Scaff, K. E., McCloud, T., Carlomagno, K., Daly, K., Garcia, A. N., & Cook, C. E. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099805 · Cited by 70
Fernandes, R. M., Wingert, A., Vandermeer, B., Featherstone, R. M., Ali, S., Plint, A. C., Stang, A. S., Rowe, B. H., Johnson, D. W., Allain, D., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028511 · Cited by 68
Junqueira, D. R., Perini, É., Penholati, R. R. D. M., & Ferriani, M. D. G. C. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007557.pub2 · Cited by 68
Ammann, E. M., Haskins, C., Fillman, K. M., Ritter, R. L., Gu, X., Winiecki, S. K., Carnahan, R. M., Torner, J. C., FIREMAN, B. H., Jones, M. P., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.24358 · Cited by 66
Caldeira, D., Barra, M., Ferreira, A., Rocha, A., Augusto, A., Pinto, F. J., Costa, J. N., & Ferreira, J. J. (2015) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.13412 · Cited by 68
Onakpoya, I., Heneghan, C. J., & Aronson, J. K. (2015) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-014-0262-7 · Cited by 65
Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children
Wong, M. C. M., Glenny, A., Tsang, B. W., Lo, E. C. M., Worthington, H. V., & Marinho, V. C. (2009) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007693 · Cited by 64
Brigden, A., Anderson, E., Linney, C., Morris, R., Parslow, R., Serafimova, T., Smith, L., Briggs, E., Loades, M., & Crawley, E. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/16924 · Cited by 63
Wang, T., Wang, F., Gou, Z., Tang, H., Li, C., Shi, L., & Zhai, S. (2014) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12386 · Cited by 62
Aagaard, L., & Hansen, E. H. (2009) · BMC Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1186/1472-6904-9-4 · Cited by 62
Pease, C., Hutton, B., Yazdi, F., Wolfe, D. M., Hamel, C., Barbeau, P., Skidmore, B., & Alvarez, G. G. (2018) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.4423 · Cited by 62
Stub, T., Musial, F., Kristoffersen, A. E., Alræk, T., & Liu, J. (2016) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2016.03.013 · Cited by 65
Bolton, M. J., Hodkinson, A., Boda, S., Mould, A., Panagioti, M., Rhodes, S., Riste, L., & van Marwijk, H. (2019) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1242-0 · Cited by 59
Hansford, H. J., Parmenter, B. J., McLeod, K. A., Wewege, M. A., Smart, N. A., Schutte, A. E., & Jones, M. D. (2021) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-021-00720-3 · Cited by 62
Grimshaw, S. L., Taylor, N. F., & Shields, N. (2016) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.26010 · Cited by 56
Gommers, J. S. M., Diederen, M., Wilkinson, C., Turnbull, D. A., & Mol, B. W. (2017) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.09.014 · Cited by 56
Gasim, M., Bernstein, C. N., Graff, L. A., Patten, S. B., El-Gabalawy, R. M., Sareen, J., Bolton, J. M., Marriott, J. J., Fisk, J. D., & Marrie, R. A. (2018) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2018.09.008 · Cited by 55
Finding evidence for comparing medical interventions: AHRQ and the Effective Health Care Program
Relevo, R., & Balshem, H. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.11.022 · Cited by 52
Nambiema, A., Sembajwe, G. N., Lam, J., Woodruff, T. J., Mandrioli, D., Chartres, N., Fadel, M., Guillou, A. L., Valter, R., Deguigne, M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.708380 · Cited by 61
Cornelius, V. R., Perrio, M. J., Shakir, S., & Smith, L. A. (2009) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.1844 · Cited by 54
Adverse events related to cupping therapy in studies conducted in Korea: A systematic review
Kim, T., Kim, K. H., Choi, J., & Lee, M. S. (2013) · European Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2013.06.006 · Cited by 52
Oliver, K. A., Lorenc, T., & Tinkler, J. (2019) · Evaluation · doi:10.1177/1356389019850847 · Cited by 53
Meta-analysis of proton pump inhibitors induced risk of community-acquired pneumonia
Nguyễn, P. A., Islam, M. M., Galvin, C. J., Chang, C.-C., An, S. Y., Yang, H., Huang, C., Li, Y., & Iqbal, U. (2020) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzaa041 · Cited by 52
Loke, Y. K., Golder, S. P., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2011) · Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety · doi:10.1177/2042098611401129 · Cited by 49
Self-citationAdverse effects following dental local anesthesia: a literature review
Ho, J. T. F., van Riet, T. C. T., Afrian, Y., Sem, K. T. H. C. J., Spijker, R., de Lange, J., & Lindeboom, J. A. H. (2021) · Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine · doi:10.17245/jdapm.2021.21.6.507 · Cited by 49
Fibromyalgia treatment: the role of exercise and physical activity
Busch, A. J., Overend, T. J., & Schachter, C. L. (2009) · International Journal of Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.2217/ijr.09.23 · Cited by 51
Validation of diagnostic tests for histologic chorioamnionitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Sabogal, C. P. C., Fonseca, J., & García‐Perdomo, H. A. (2018) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.05.043 · Cited by 47
Stiwi, K., & Rosendahl, J. (2022) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101552 · Cited by 56
Shin, J., Jung, S.-Y., Ahn, S.-H., Lee, S. H., Kim, S.-J., Seong, J.-M., Chung, S.-Y., & Park, B. (2014) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.3715 · Cited by 45
Faillie, J., Ferrer, P., Gouverneur, A., Driot, D., Berkemeyer, S., Vidal, X., Martínez‐Zapata, M. J., Huerta, C., Cervelló, X. C., Rottenkolber, M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.04.023 · Cited by 45
Lin, T., Yoshida, K., Tedeschi, S. K., de Abreu, M. M., Hashemi, N., & Solomon, D. H. (2017) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.23346 · Cited by 44
Edwards, S. J., Crawford, F., van Velthoven, M. H., Berardi, A., Osei-Assibey, G., Bacelar, M., Salih, F., & Wakefield, V. (2016) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta20940 · Cited by 43
Stanulović, V., Hodolič, M., Mitsikostas, D. D., & Papadopoulos, D. (2021) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bcp.15016 · Cited by 43
van Dijk, C. E., Breuking, S., Jansen, S. J., Limpens, J., Kazemier, B. M., & Pajkrt, E. (2022) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.10.026 · Cited by 42
Search strategies to identify information on adverse effects: a systematic review
Golder, S., & Loke, Y. K. (2009) · Journal of the Medical Library Association JMLA · doi:10.3163/1536-5050.97.2.004 · Cited by 42
Self-citationSide-effects of mdma-assisted psychotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Colcott, J., Guerin, A. A., Carter, O. L., Meikle, S. E., & Bedi, G. (2024) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-024-01865-8 · Cited by 42
Conceptos fundamentales de las revisiones sistemáticas/metaanálisis
García‐Perdomo, H. A. (2015) · Revista Urología Colombiana / Colombian Urology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.uroco.2015.03.005 · Cited by 64
Adverse effects of psychotherapy: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Klatte, R., Strauss, B. M., Flückiger, C., & Rosendahl, J. (2018) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-018-0802-x · Cited by 41
The Quality of Reports on Cervical Arterial Dissection following Cervical Spinal Manipulation
Wynd, S., Westaway, M. D., Vohra, S., & Kawchuk, G. N. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059170 · Cited by 39
Harms of off-label erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for critically ill people
Mesgarpour, B., Heidinger, B. H., von Roth, D., Schmitz, S., Walsh, C., & Herkner, H. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010969.pub2 · Cited by 35
Klinger, C., Burns, J., Movsisyan, A., Biallas, R. L., Norris, S. L., Rabe, J. E., Stratil, J. M., Voß, S., Wabnitz, K. J. P., Rehfuess, E. A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/taab123 · Cited by 36
Evidence-based medicine: an overview of key concepts.
Carter, M. J. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 36
de Guingand, D. L., Palmer, K. R., Snow, R. J., Davies-Tuck, M. L., & Ellery, S. J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12061780 · Cited by 35
Risk of Substantial Intraocular Bleeding With Novel Oral Anticoagulants
Caldeira, D., Canastro, M., Barra, M., Ferreira, A., Costa, J. N., Pinto, F. J., & Ferreira, J. J. (2015) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.0985 · Cited by 36
Pearson, S. E., Taylor, J., Patel, P. M., & Baguley, D. (2019) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/14992027.2019.1660918 · Cited by 35
Lin, S., & Shen, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.10.012 · Cited by 35
Scott, J., Hendry, G., & Locke, J. (2016) · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research · doi:10.1186/s13047-016-0159-0 · Cited by 35
Pilkington, K., & Boshnakova, A. (2011) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2011.10.002 · Cited by 34
Metadata
- Authors
- Loke, Y. K., Price, D., Herxheimer, A., & the Cochrane Adverse Effects Methods Group
- Affiliations
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Cochrane (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Herxheimer, Andrew
- ORCID
- Loke, Yoon K
- Venue
- BMC Medical Research Methodology
- Published
- 2007-07-05
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 32-32
- ISSN
- 1471-2288 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1933432
- OpenAlex
- W2052762949
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Medical Research Methodology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Keywords
- adverse effects, harm assessment, systematic review methodology, drug safety, benefit-harm balance
- MeSH terms
- Drug Evaluation, Humans, Research Design, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Databases, Bibliographic, Information Storage and Retrieval, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Risk Assessment, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Consensus, Medical Subject Headings, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
