CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 51Influenza Virus Research StudiesPneumonia and Respiratory InfectionsRespiratory viral infections research

Co-infection of influenza B and Streptococci causing severe pneumonia and septic shock in healthy women.

Open access
Aebi, Timothy, Weisser, Maja, Bucher, Evelyne, Hirsch, Hans H, Marsch, Stephan, Siegemund, Martin·2010·BMC Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1186/1471-2334-10-308PMC PMC2988048
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Since the Influenza A pandemic in 1819, the association between the influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae has been well described in literature. While a leading role has been so far attributed solely to Influenza A as the primary infective pathogen, Influenza B is generally considered to be less pathogenic with little impact on morbidity and mortality of otherwise healthy adults. This report documents the severe synergistic pathogenesis of Influenza B infection and bacterial pneumonia in previously healthy persons not belonging to a special risk population and outlines therapeutic options in this clinical setting. CASE PRESENTATION: During the seasonal influenza epidemic 2007/2008, three previously healthy women presented to our hospital with influenza-like symptoms and rapid clinical deterioration. Subsequent septic shock due to severe bilateral pneumonia necessitated intensive resuscitative measures including the use of an interventional lung assist device. Microbiological analysis identified severe dual infections of Influenza B with Streptococcus pyogenes in two cases and Streptococcus pneumoniae in one case. The patients presented with no evidence of underlying disease or other known risk factors for dual infection such as age (< one year, > 65 years), pregnancy or comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza B infection can pose a risk for severe secondary infection in previously healthy persons. As patients admitted to hospital due to severe pneumonia are rarely tested for Influenza B, the incidence of admission due to this virus might be greatly underestimated, therefore, a more aggressive search for influenza virus and empirical treatment might be warranted. While the use of an interventional lung assist device offers a potential treatment strategy for refractory respiratory acidosis in addition to protective lung ventilation, the combined empiric use of a neuraminidase-inhibitor and antibiotics in septic patients with pulmonary manifestations during an epidemic season should be considered.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/1471-2334-10-308

Cites

22 of 22 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Influenza B can also cause severe secondary bacterial infection during seasonal influenza episodes, especially within younger age groups.

    “Influenza B, although generally regarded as having less impact on morbidity and mortality in healthy persons can also cause severe secondary bacterial infection during seasonal influenza episodes, especially within younger age groups.”

    From Bacterial and viral infections associated with influenza (2013) · cites this paper as [16]

  • Influenza B has also been associated with severe bacterial co/secondary infection, although reported less.

    “Although reported less, influenza B has also been associated with severe bacterial co/secondary infection (Finelli et al., 2008; Aebi et al., 2010).”

    From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Aebi et al., 2010

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 24 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Saisonale Grippe 2007/08. Epidemiologie, Virologie, Impfstoffversorgung und -zusammensetzung BAG Bulletin 2008 24 419 423

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Aebi, T., Weisser, M., Bucher, E., Hirsch, H. H., Marsch, S., & Siegemund, M.
Affiliations
  • University Hospital of Basel (CH)
  • University of Basel (CH)
Corresponding author
Aebi, Timothy
ORCID
Venue
BMC Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2010-10-27
Volume
10
Issue
1
Pages
308-308
ISSN
1471-2334 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1471-2334-10-308
PMC
PMC2988048
OpenAlex
W2136255378
Cited by
51
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
FWCI
4.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • edoc (University of Basel) (acceptedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • edoc (University of Basel)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
Keywords
influenza B, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, co-infection, secondary bacterial infection, severe pneumonia, septic shock, previously healthy adult, women, 2007-2008 influenza season, neuraminidase inhibitors, empirical antibiotic therapy
MeSH terms
Adult, Female, Humans, Influenza, Human, Middle Aged, Influenza B virus, Pneumonia, Respiration, Artificial, Shock, Septic, Streptococcal Infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review