Increase in susceptibility to insecticides with aging of wild Anopheles gambiaemosquitoes from Côte d’Ivoire
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Appropriate monitoring of vector insecticide susceptibility is required to provide the rationale for optimal insecticide selection in vector control programs. METHODS: In order to assess the influence of mosquito age on susceptibility to various insecticides, field-collected larvae of An. gambiae s.l. from Tiassalé were reared to adults. Females aged 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 days were exposed to 5 insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, DDT, malathion and propoxur) using WHO susceptibility test kits. Outcome measures included the LT50 (exposure time required to achieve 50% knockdown), the RR (resistance ratio, i.e. a calculation of how much more resistant the wild population is compared with a standard susceptible strain) and the mortality rate following 1 hour exposure, for each insecticide and each mosquito age group. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between the rate of knockdown and mortality for all the age groups and for all insecticides tested. For deltamethrin, the RR50 was highest for 2 day old and lowest for 10 day old individuals. Overall, mortality was lowest for 2 and 3 day old individuals and significantly higher for 10 day old individuals (P < 0.05). With permethrin, the RR50 was highest for 1 to 3 day old individuals and lowest for 10 day old individuals and mortality was lowest for 1 to 3 day old individuals, intermediate for 5 day old and highest for 10 day old individuals. DDT did not display any knockdown effect and mortality was low for all mosquito age groups (<7%). With malathion, the RR50 was low (1.54 - 2.77) and mortality was high (>93%) for all age groups. With propoxur, no knockdown effect was observed for 1, 2 and 3 day old individuals and a very low level of mortality was observed (< 4%), which was significantly higher for 5 and 10 day old individuals (30%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that for An. gambiae s.l. adults derived from wild-collected larvae, there was an influence of age on insecticide susceptibility status, with younger individuals (1 to 3 days old) more resistant than older mosquitoes. This indicates that the use of 1 - 2 day old mosquitoes in susceptibility assays as recommended by the WHO should facilitate detection of resistance at the stage where the highest rate of the resistance phenotype is present.
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Agricultural use of pesticides and public health and domestic use of insecticides contribute to the selection and spread of resistance mechanisms in malaria vector populations in Côte d'Ivoire.
“It was shown that agricultural use of pesticides and public health and domestic use of insecticide contribute to the selection and spread of resistance mechanisms in malaria vector populations in Côte d’Ivoire.”
From Mapping insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from Côte d'Ivoire (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
The Discussion (page not provided) says long-term DDT use in Côte d’Ivoire would have exerted selective pressure on mosquitoes, and the Methods describe heavy insecticide use on rice farms. The paper does not establish that agricultural, public-health, and domestic uses all contributed to the selection and spread of resistance mechanisms; in particular, it does not address domestic use or demonstrate spread. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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ResultImpact of sublethal pyrethroid exposure on resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes’ fitness
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Impact of sublethal pyrethroid exposure on resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes’ fitness
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- Authors
- Chouaibou, M. S., Chabi, J., Bingham, G. V., Knox, T. B., N’Dri, L., Kesse, N. B., Bonfoh, B., & Jamet, H. V. P.
- Affiliations
- Vestergaard (Switzerland) (CH)
- Swiss Centre for Scientific Research (CI)
- Venue
- BMC Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2012-09-13
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 214-214
- ISSN
- 1471-2334 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3482577
- OpenAlex
- W2092092174
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 3.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Greater South Information System
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
- Keywords
- Anopheles gambiae s.l., mosquito age, insecticide susceptibility, insecticide resistance, deltamethrin, permethrin, DDT, malathion, propoxur, knockdown, resistance ratio, vector control, malaria vectors, Côte d'Ivoire, Tiassalé, wild mosquito populations, insecticide mortality
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Anopheles, Female, Insecticide Resistance, Insecticides, Cote d'Ivoire, Survival Analysis
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