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Cited by 126Psychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Prognostic significance of functional somatic symptoms in adolescence: a 15-year community-based follow-up study of adolescents with depression compared with healthy peers

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Bohman, Hannes, Jonsson, Ulf, Päären, Aivar, von Knorring, Lars, Olsson, Gunilla, von Knorring, Anne-Liis·2012·BMC Psychiatry
DOI 10.1186/1471-244x-12-90PMC PMC3439696
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of population-based long-term longitudinal research on mental health status and functional physical/somatic symptoms. Little is known about the long-term mental health outcomes associated with somatic symptoms or the temporal relationship between depression and such symptoms. This 15-year study followed up adolescents with depression and matched controls, screened from a population-based sample, who reported different numbers of somatic symptoms. METHODS: The total population of 16-17-year-olds in Uppsala, Sweden, was screened for depression in 1991-1993. Adolescents who screened positive and an equal number of healthy controls took part in a semi-structured diagnostic interview. In addition, 21 different self-rated somatic symptoms were assessed. Sixty-four percent of those adolescents participated in a follow-up structured interview 15 years later. RESULTS: Somatic symptoms in adolescence predicted depression and other adult mental disorders regardless of the presence of adolescent depression. In adolescents with depression, the number of functional somatic symptoms predicted, in a dose response relationship, suicidal behavior, bipolar episodes, and psychotic episodes as well as chronic and recurrent depression. Contrary to expectations, the somatic symptoms of abdominal pain and perspiration without exertion better predicted depression than all DSM-IV depressive symptoms. Abdominal pain persisted as an independent strong predictor of depression and anxiety, even after controlling for other important confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Somatic symptoms in adolescence can predict severe adult mental health disorders. The number of somatic symptoms concurrent with adolescent depression is, in a stepwise manner, linked to suicidal attempts, bipolar disorders, psychotic disorders, and recurrent and chronic depression. These findings can be useful in developing treatment guidelines for patients with somatic symptoms.

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Figure 1 Outline of the procedure at adolescence and at follow-up in adulthood. *The Beck Depression Inventory - Child (BDI-C) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) were used. Positive screening was defined as BDI-C ≥16, or CES-DC ≥30 and BDI-C ≥11, or attempted suicide.
Figure 1 Outline of the procedure at adolescence and at follow-up in adulthood. *The Beck Depression Inventory - Child (BDI-C) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) were used. Positive screening was defined as BDI-C ≥16, or CES-DC ≥30 and BDI-C ≥11, or attempted suicide.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Bohman, H., Jonsson, U., Päären, A., von Knorring, L., Olsson, G., & von Knorring, A.-L.
Affiliations
Uppsala University (SE)
Corresponding author
Bohman, Hannes
ORCID
Bohman, Hannes
Venue
BMC Psychiatry
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2012-07-27
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
90-90
ISSN
1471-244X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1471-244x-12-90
PMC
PMC3439696
OpenAlex
W2122939734
Cited by
126
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
FWCI
6.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Forskningsrådet för Arbetsliv och Socialvetenskap
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
functional somatic symptoms, adolescent depression, long-term mental health outcomes, abdominal pain, suicidal behavior, bipolar disorder, psychosis, chronic depression, anxiety, dose-response relationship, prognostic factors, community-based follow-up
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Psychotic Disorders, Recurrence, Suicide, Attempted, Sweating, Abdominal Pain

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