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Cited by 471Child Nutrition and Water AccessViral gastroenteritis research and epidemiologyGlobal Maternal and Child Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Diarrhea incidence in low- and middle-income countries in 1990 and 2010: a systematic review

Open access
Fischer Walker, Christa L, Perin, Jamie, Aryee, Martin J, Boschi-Pinto, Cynthia, Black, Robert E·2012·BMC Public Health
DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-12-220PMC PMC3323412
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diarrhea is recognized as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries yet updated estimates of diarrhea incidence by age for these countries are greatly needed. We conducted a systematic literature review to identify cohort studies that sought to quantify diarrhea incidence among any age group of children 0-59 mo of age. METHODS: We used the Expectation-Maximization algorithm as a part of a two-stage regression model to handle diverse age data and overall incidence rate variation by study to generate country specific incidence rates for low- and middle-income countries for 1990 and 2010. We then calculated regional incidence rates and uncertainty ranges using the bootstrap method, and estimated the total number of episodes for children 0-59 mo of age in 1990 and 2010. RESULTS: We estimate that incidence has declined from 3.4 episodes/child year in 1990 to 2.9 episodes/child year in 2010. As was the case previously, incidence rates are highest among infants 6-11 mo of age; 4.5 episodes/child year in 2010. Among these 139 countries there were nearly 1.9 billion episodes of childhood diarrhea in 1990 and nearly 1.7 billion episodes in 2010. CONCLUSIONS: Although our results indicate that diarrhea incidence rates may be declining slightly, the total burden on the health of each child due to multiple episodes per year is tremendous and additional funds are needed to improve both prevention and treatment practices in low- and middle-income countries.

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Figure 1 Flow chart diagram of the systematic review process.
Figure 1 Flow chart diagram of the systematic review process.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Location of studies reporting Diarrhea incidence outcomes for children and adults.
Figure 2 Location of studies reporting Diarrhea incidence outcomes for children and adults.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Fischer Walker, C. L., Perin, J., Aryee, M. J., Boschi-Pinto, C., & Black, R. E.
Affiliations
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • World Health Organization (CH)
ORCID
Venue
BMC Public Health
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2012-03-21
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
220-220
ISSN
1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1471-2458-12-220
PMC
PMC3323412
OpenAlex
W2096394008
Cited by
471
References
17
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 9
FWCI
5.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
Keywords
childhood diarrhea, diarrhea incidence, low- and middle-income countries, children under five, infant diarrhea, global burden of disease, age-specific incidence, cohort studies
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries, Diarrhea, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Global Health, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Cost of Illness

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