Gastrointestinal symptoms before and during menses in healthy women
Open accessAbstract
Background: Little is known as to the extent gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are reported by women around menses. We aimed to describe GI symptoms that occurred premenstrually and during menses in healthy women, and to specifically assess the relationship of emotional symptoms to GI symptoms around menses. Methods: We recruited healthy, premenopausal adult women with no indication of GI, gynecologic, or psychiatric disease who were attending an outpatient gynecology clinic for well-woman care. They completed a survey that queried menstrual histories and the presence of GI and emotional symptoms. We compared the prevalence of primary GI symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting), as well as pelvic pain and bloating, in the 5 days preceding menses and during menses, and assessed whether emotional symptoms or other factors were associated with the occurrence of GI symptoms. Results: Of 156 respondents, 73% experienced at least one of the primary GI symptoms either pre- or during menses, with abdominal pain (58% pre; 55% during) and diarrhea (24% pre; 28% during) being the most common. Those experiencing any emotional symptoms versus those without were more likely to report multiple (2 or more) primary GI symptoms, both premenstrually (depressed p = 0.006; anxiety p = 0.014) and during menses (depressed p < 0.001; anxiety p = 0.008). Fatigue was also very common (53% pre; 49% during), and was significantly associated with multiple GI symptoms in both menstrual cycle phases (pre p < 0.001; during p = 0.01). Conclusions: Emotional symptoms occurring in conjunction with GI symptoms are common perimenstrually, and as such may reflect shared underlying processes that intersect brain, gut, and hormonal pathways.
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Females have a greater incidence of exercise-induced gastroparesis compared to males.
“a greater incidence of exercise-induced gastroparesis as compared to males [204].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [204]
The Methods (Participants; page unavailable) describe a study of premenopausal women, and the Results (page unavailable) report gastrointestinal symptoms around menses. Searches for exercise-induced gastroparesis and sex differences in gastric emptying found no passage addressing exercise-induced gastroparesis or comparing its incidence in females and males. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Bernstein, M. T., Graff, L. A., Avery, L., Palatnick, C., Parnerowski, K., & Targownik, L. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Manitoba (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Graff, Lesley A
- Venue
- BMC Women's Health
- Published
- 2014-01-22
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14-14
- ISSN
- 1472-6874 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3901893
- OpenAlex
- W1969312170
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 3.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Women s Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Mspace (University of Manitoba) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- menstrual symptoms, premenstrual symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, emotional symptoms, depression, anxiety, fatigue, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, bloating, pelvic pain, brain-gut interaction, hormone signaling pathways, premenopausal women
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Constipation, Depression, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Menstrual Cycle, Menstruation, Middle Aged, Nausea, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vomiting, Abdominal Pain, Pelvic Pain, Young Adult
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