Biochemical and immunological mechanisms by which sickle cell trait protects against malaria

Gong, Lauren; Parikh, Sunil; Rosenthal, Philip J; Greenhouse, Bryan

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-12-317

Cited by 107Malaria Research and ControlHemoglobinopathies and Related DisordersBlood groups and transfusion

Biochemical and immunological mechanisms by which sickle cell trait protects against malaria

Open access

Gong, Lauren, Parikh, Sunil, Rosenthal, Philip J, Greenhouse, Bryan·2013·Malaria Journal

DOI 10.1186/1475-2875-12-317PMC PMC3847285

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Sickle cell trait (HbAS) is the best-characterized genetic polymorphism known to protect against falciparum malaria. Although the protective effect of HbAS against malaria is well known, the mechanism(s) of protection remain unclear. A number of biochemical and immune-mediated mechanisms have been proposed, and it is likely that multiple complex mechanisms are responsible for the observed protection. Increased evidence for an immune component of protection as well as novel mechanisms, such as enhanced tolerance to disease mediated by HO-1 and reduced parasitic growth due to translocation of host micro-RNA into the parasite, have recently been described. A better understanding of relevant mechanisms will provide valuable insight into the host-parasite relationship, including the role of the host immune system in protection against malaria.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/1475-2875-12-317

Cites

108 of 108 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

In sickle cell hemoglobin, the balance between damaging prooxidative molecules such as free heme or iron and antioxidative factors such as carbon monoxide and bilirubin is shifted towards cytoprotection.
“As a consequence, the balance between damaging prooxidative molecules such as free heme or iron and antioxidative factors such as carbon monoxide (CO) and bilirubin is shifted towards cytoprotection (Cholera et al., 2008;Ferreira et al., 2011;Gong et al., 2013;Jeney et al., 2014).”
From Iron in infection and immunity (2020) · cites this paper as Gong et al., 2013
The Background section (‘Modulation of immunopathogenesis’; page not provided) reports that sickle haemoglobin may induce HO-1, reducing cytotoxic free haem and tissue damage in a mouse model of cerebral malaria. The Conclusions likewise describe HO-1–mediated tolerance as a possibility. Our copy does not state that carbon monoxide and bilirubin shift a balance against free haem or iron toward cytoprotection, and the cited mechanism is more tentative than the claim suggests. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The pathogenic basis of malaria
Miller, L. H., Baruch, D. I., Marsh, K., & Doumbo, O. K. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/415673a · Cited by 1,754 · see citing works
Common West African HLA antigens are associated with protection from severe malaria
Hill, A. V. S., Allsopp, C. E. M., Kwiatkowski, D. P., Anstey, N. M., Twumasi, P., Rowe, P. A., Bennett, S., Brewster, D., McMichael, A. J., & Greenwood, B. M. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/352595a0 · Cited by 1,554 · see citing works
Abnormal human haemoglobins
Clegg, J. B., Naughton, M. A., & Weatherall, D. J. (1966) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(66)80052-9 · Cited by 1,495 · see citing works
Protection Afforded by Sickle-cell Trait Against Subtertian Malarial Infection
ALLISON, A. C. (1954) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4857.290 · Cited by 1,297 · see citing works
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease
Bunn, H. F. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199709113371107 · Cited by 1,154 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Heterozygotes for sickle haemoglobin (HbAS) have sickle cell trait and are generally asymptomatic [10].”
Background
Immunity to malaria: more questions than answers
Langhorne, J., Ndungu, F. M., Sponaas, A., & Marsh, K. (2008) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.f.205 · Cited by 877 · see citing works
Disease and Evolution
Haldane, J. B. S. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-28295-5_9 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Protective effects of the sickle cell gene against malaria morbidity and mortality
Aidoo, M., Terlouw, D. J., KOLCZAK, M. S., McElroy, P. D., ter Kuile, F. O., Kariuki, S., Nahlen, B. L., Lal, A. A., & Udhayakumar, V. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)08273-9 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
Global distribution of the sickle cell gene and geographical confirmation of the malaria hypothesis
Piel, F. B., Patil, A. P., Howes, R. E., Nyangiri, O. A., Gething, P. W., Williams, T. N., Weatherall, D. J., & Hay, S. I. (2010) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1104 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
An immunohistochemical study of the pathology of fatal malaria. Evidence for widespread endothelial activation and a potential role for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in cerebral sequestration.
Turner, G. D. H., Morrison, H., Jones, M., Davis, T. M. E., Looareesuwan, S., BULEY, I. D., Gatter, K. C., Newbold, C., Pukritayakamee, S., & Nagachinta, B. (1994) · PubMed Central · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Phosphatidylserine (PS) induces PS receptor–mediated macropinocytosis and promotes clearance of apoptotic cells
Hoffmann, P. R., deCathelineau, A. M., Ogden, C. A., Leverrier, Y., Bratton, D. L., Daleke, D. L., Ridley, A. J., Fadok, V. A., & Henson, P. M. (2001) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200108080 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Human cerebral malaria: association with erythrocyte rosetting and lack of anti-rosetting antibodies
Carlson, J., Helmby, H., Wahlgren, M., Carlson, J., Helmby, H., Wahlgren, M., Hill, A., Brewster, D., & Greenwood, B. M. (1990) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)93174-n · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Antibodies to blood stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in rural Gambians and their relation to protection against infection
Marsh, K., Otoo, L., Hayes, R. J., Carson, D. C., & Greenwood, B. M. (1989) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/0035-9203(89)90478-1 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Phosphatidylserine exposure and red cell viability in red cell aging and in hemolytic anemia
Boas, F. E., Forman, L., & Beutler, E. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.6.3077 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Haemoglobin C protects against clinical Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Modiano, D., Luoni, G., Sirima, B. S., Simporé, J., Verra, F., Konaté, A., Rastrelli, E., Olivieri, A., Calissano, C., Paganotti, G. M., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35104556 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Genome-wide and fine-resolution association analysis of malaria in West Africa
Jallow, M., Teo, Y. Y., Small, K. S., Rockett, K. A., Deloukas, P., Clark, T. G., Kivinen, K., Bojang, K., Conway, D. J., Pinder, M., et al. (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.388 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Enhanced phagocytosis of ring-parasitized mutant erythrocytes: a common mechanism that may explain protection against falciparum malaria in sickle trait and beta-thalassemia trait
Ayi, K., Turrini, F., Piga, A. G., & Arese, P. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2003-11-3820 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
In vivo recognition and clearance of red blood cells containing phosphatidylserine in their plasma membranes.
Schroit, A. J., Madsen, J. W., & Tanaka, Y. (1985) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89189-x · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Sickle Cell Trait and the Risk ofPlasmodium falciparumMalaria and Other Childhood Diseases
Williams, T. N., Mwangi, T., Wambua, S., Alexander, N. D. E., Kortok, M., Snow, R. W., & Marsh, K. (2005) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/430744 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Haemoglobinopathies and the clinical epidemiology of malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Taylor, S. M., Parobek, C. M., & Fairhurst, R. M. (2012) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(12)70055-5 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Sickle Hemoglobin Confers Tolerance to Plasmodium Infection
Ferreira, A., Marguti, I., Bechmann, I., Jeney, V., Chora, Â., Palha, N. R., Rebelo, S., Henri, A., Beuzard, Y., & Soares, M. P. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.049 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Early phagocytosis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient erythrocytes parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum may explain malaria protection in G6PD deficiency
Cappadoro, M., Giribaldi, G., O'Brien, E., Turrini, F., Mannu, F., Ulliers, D., Simula, G., Luzzatto, L., & Arese, P. (1998) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v92.7.2527 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Cellular mechanism for the protective effect of haemoglobin S against P. falciparum malaria
Pasvol, G., Weatherall, D. J., & Wilson, R. J. (1978) · Nature · doi:10.1038/274701a0 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Translocation of Sickle Cell Erythrocyte MicroRNAs into Plasmodium falciparum Inhibits Parasite Translation and Contributes to Malaria Resistance
LaMonte, G., Philip, N., Reardon, J. M., Lacsina, J. R., Majoros, W. H., Chapman, L. M., Thornburg, C. D., Telen, M. J., Ohler, U., Nicchitta, C. V., et al. (2012) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.06.007 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Identification of a Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein as a Falciparum Malaria Sequestration Receptor
Ockenhouse, C. F., Tandon, N. N., Magowan, C., Jamieson, G. A., & Chulay, J. D. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2467377 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Erythrocytic mechanism of sickle cell resistance to malaria.
Friedman, M. J. (1978) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.75.4.1994 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
α + -Thalassemia protects children against disease caused by other infections as well as malaria
Allen, S. J., O’Donnell, A., Alexander, N. D. E., Alpers, M. P., Peto, T., Clegg, J. B., & Weatherall, D. J. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14736 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Heritability of Malaria in Africa
Mackinnon, M. J., Mwangi, T. W., Snow, R. W., Marsh, K., & Williams, T. N. (2005) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020340 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Band 3/Complement-mediated Recognition and Removal of Normally Senescent and Pathological Human Erythrocytes
Arese, P., Turrini, F., & Schwarzer, E. (2005) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000089839 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Nonopsonic monocyte/macrophage phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum–parasitized erythrocytes: a role for CD36 in malarial clearance
McGilvray, I. D., Serghides, L., Kapùs, A., Rotstein, O. D., & Kain, K. C. (2000) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v96.9.3231 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Abnormal haemoglobins in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria
Fleming, A. F., Storey, J., Molineaux, L., Iroko, E. A., & Attai, E. D. E. (1979) · Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology · doi:10.1080/00034983.1979.11687243 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Impaired cytoadherence of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> -infected erythrocytes containing sickle hemoglobin
Cholera, R., Brittain, N. J., Gillrie, M. R., Lopera-Mesa, T. M., Diakité, S. A. S., Arie, T., Krause, M. A., Guindo, A., Tubman, A., Fujioka, H., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0711401105 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Hemoglobins S and C Interfere with Actin Remodeling in Plasmodium falciparum –Infected Erythrocytes
Cyrklaff, M., Sanchez, C. P., Kilian, N., Bisseyé, C., Simporè, J., Frischknecht, F., & Lanzer, M. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1213775 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
INCREASED SICKLING OF PARASITISED ERYTHROCYTES AS MECHANISM OF RESISTANCE AGAINST MALARIA IN THE SICKLE-CELL TRAIT
Luzzatto, L., Nwachuku-Jarrett, E. S., & Reddy, S. (1970) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(70)90700-2 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
An Immune Basis for Malaria Protection by the Sickle Cell Trait
Williams, T. N., Mwangi, T., Roberts, D. J., Alexander, N. D. E., Weatherall, D. J., Wambua, S., Kortok, M., Snow, R. W., & Marsh, K. (2005) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020128 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Human red blood cell polymorphisms and malaria
Williams, T. N. (2006) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2006.06.009 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes form spontaneous erythrocyte rosettes
Udomsangpetch, R., Wåhlin, B., Carlson, J., Berzins, K., Torii, M., Aikawa, M., Perlmann, P., & Wahlgren, M. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.169.5.1835 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Abnormal human haemoglobins. III the chemical difference between normal and sickle cell haemoglobins
Ingram, V. M. (1959) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta · doi:10.1016/0006-3002(59)90183-0 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Abnormal display of PfEMP-1 on erythrocytes carrying haemoglobin C may protect against malaria
Fairhurst, R. M., Baruch, D. I., Brittain, N. J., Ostera, G. R., Wallach, J. S., Hoang, H. L., Hayton, K., Guindo, A., Makobongo, M. O., Schwartz, O., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03631 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Insertion of fluorescent phosphatidylserine into the plasma membrane of red blood cells. Recognition by autologous macrophages.
Tanaka, Y., & Schroit, A. J. (1983) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44422-x · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Reduced microcirculatory flow in severe falciparum malaria: pathophysiology and electron-microscopic pathology
Dondorp, A. M., Pongponratn, E., & White, N. J. (2003) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2003.10.004 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Rosetting of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells with uninfected red blood cells enhances microvascular obstruction under flow conditions
Kaul, D., Roth, E. J., Nagel, R. L., Rj, H., & Handunnetti, S. (1991) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v78.3.812.812 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Hemoglobin C associated with protection from severe malaria in the Dogon of Mali, a West African population with a low prevalence of hemoglobin S
Agarwal, A., Guindo, A., Cissoko, Y., Taylor, J. G., Coulibaly, D. M., Kone, A. K., Kayentao, K., DJIMDÉ, A. A., Plowe, C. V., Doumbo, O., et al. (2000) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v96.7.2358 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Both heterozygous and homozygous α+ thalassemias protect against severe and fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the coast of Kenya
Williams, T. N., Wambua, S., Uyoga, S. M., Macharia, A., Mwacharo, J. K., Newton, C. R. J. C., & Maitland, K. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-01-0313 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
TENNIS ELBOW
Mccracken, P., & Sanderman, B. (1974) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)92637-3 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
The Pathology of Human Cerebral Malaria
Aikawa, M., Iseki, M., Barnwell, J. W., Taylor, D. W., Oo, M. M., & Howard, R. J. (1990) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1990.43.30 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Hemoglobin Variants and Disease Manifestations in Severe Falciparum Malaria
May, J., Evans, J. A., Timmann, C., Ehmen, C., Busch, W., Thye, T., Agbenyega, T., & Horstmann, R. D. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.20.2220 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Rosette Formation in Plasmodium falciparum Isolates and Anti-Rosette Activity of Sera from Gambians with Cerebral or Uncomplicated Malaria
Treutiger, C. J., Hedlund, I., Helmby, H., Carlson, J., Jepson, A., Twumasi, P., Kwiatkowski, D. P., Greenwood, B. M., & Wahlgren, M. (1992) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1992.46.503 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of and Protection against Malaria
Angulo, I., & Fresno, M. (2002) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cdli.9.6.1145-1152.2002 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
The fine structure of Plasmodium falciparum and its host erythrocytes in natural malarial infections in man.
Trager, W. F., Rudzinska, M. A., & BRADBURY, P. C. (1966) · PubMed · Cited by 174 · see citing works
High Immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) and Low IgG4 Levels Are Associated with Human Resistance toPlasmodium falciparumMalaria
Aucan, C., Traoré, Y., Tall, F. H., Nacro, B., Traoré-Leroux, T., Fumoux, F., & Rihet, P. (2000) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.68.3.1252-1258.2000 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
The Effect of α +-Thalassaemia on the Incidence of Malaria and Other Diseases in Children Living on the Coast of Kenya
Wambua, S., Mwangi, T., Kortok, M., Uyoga, S. M., Macharia, A., Mwacharo, J. K., Weatherall, D. J., Snow, R. W., Marsh, K., & Williams, T. N. (2006) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030158 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Hemoglobin C associated with protection from severe malaria in the Dogon of Mali, a West African population with a low prevalence of hemoglobin S
Agarwal, A., Guindo, A., Cissoko, Y., Taylor, J. G., Coulibaly, D., Kone, A. K., Kayentao, K., DJIMDÉ, A. A., Plowe, C. V., Doumbo, O. K., et al. (2000) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v96.7.2358.h8002358_2358_2363 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Antigen-Specific Immunosuppression in Human Malaria Due to Plasmodium falciparum
Ho, M., Webster, H. K., Looareesuwan, S., Supanaranond, W., Phillips, R. E., Chanthavanich, P., & Warrell, D. A. (1986) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/153.4.763 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
5. Variation of Plasmodium falciparum msp1 block 2 and msp2 allele prevalence and of infection complexity in two neighbouring Senegalese villages with different transmission conditions
Konaté, L., Zwetyenga, J. S. L. G., Rogier, C., Bischoff, E., Fontenille, D., Tall, A., Spiegel, A., Trape, J., & Mercereau‐Puijalon, O. (1999) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90323-1 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Hemoglobin E: a balanced polymorphism protective against high parasitemias and thus severe P falciparum malaria
Chotivanich, K., Udomsangpetch, R., Pattanapanyasat, K., Chierakul, W., Simpson, J. A., Looareesuwan, S., & White, N. J. (2002) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v100.4.1172.h81602001172_1172_1176 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Malaria in patients with sickle cell anemia: burden, risk factors, and outcome at the outpatient clinic and during hospitalization
Makani, J., Komba, A., Cox, S. E., Oruo, J., Mwamtemi, K., Kitundu, J. A., Magesa, P., Rwezaula, S. S., Meda, E., Mgaya, J., et al. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-07-233528 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
α+-thalassemia protects African children from severe malaria
Mockenhaupt, F. P., Ehrhardt, S., Gellert, S., Otchwemah, R. N., Dietz, E., Anemana, S. D., & Bienzle, U. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2003-11-4090 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY, SICKLING, AND MALARIA IN AFRICAN CHILDREN IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA
Gilles, H. M., Fletcher, K. A., Hendrickse, R. G., Lindner, R., Reddy, S., & Allan, N. C. (1967) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(67)91037-9 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Reduced Risk of Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Papua New Guinean Children with Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis in Two Cohorts and a Case-Control Study
Rosanas‐Urgell, A., Lin, E., Manning, L. A., Rarau, P., Laman, M., Senn, N., Grimberg, B. T., Tavul, L., Stanisic, D. I., Robinson, L. J., et al. (2012) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001305 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Factors Determining the Heterogeneity of Malaria Incidence in Children in Kampala, Uganda
Clark, T. D., Greenhouse, B., Njama‐Meya, D., Nzarubara, B., Maiteki‐Sebuguzi, C., Staedke, S. G., Seto, E., Kamya, M. R., Rosenthal, P. J., & Dorsey, G. (2008) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/589778 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citation
Accelerated Clearance of Plasmodium-infected Erythrocytes in Sickle Cell Trait and Annexin-A7 Deficiency
Lang, P. A., Kasinathan, R. S., Brand, V. B., Duranton, C., Lang, C., Koka, S., Shumilina, E. V., Kempe, D. S., Duranton‐Tanneur, V., Akel, A., et al. (2009) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000257529 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Sickling Rates of Human as Red Cells Infected in Vitro with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Roth, E. F., Friedman, M. J., Ueda, Y., Tellez-Nagel, I., Trager, W., & Nagel, R. L. (1978) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.360396 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Sickle Cell Trait Is Associated with a Delayed Onset of Malaria: Implications for Time‐to‐Event Analysis in Clinical Studies of Malaria
Crompton, P. D., Traoré, B., Kayentao, K., Doumbo, S., Ongoïba, A., Diakité, S. A. S., Krause, M., Doumtabé, D., Koné, Y., Weiss, G. E., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/592224 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Hemoglobinopathies: Slicing the Gordian Knot of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Pathogenesis
Taylor, S. M., Cerami, C., & Fairhurst, R. M. (2013) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003327 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Influence of Hemoglobin E Trait on the Severity of Falciparum Malaria
Hutagalung, R., Wilairatana, P., Looareesuwan, S., Brittenham, G. M., Aikawa, M., & Gordeuk, V. R. (1999) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/314561 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Differing effects of HbS and HbC traits on uncomplicated falciparum malaria, anemia, and child growth
Kreuels, B., Kreuzberg, C., Kobbe, R., Ayim‐Akonor, M., Appiah–Thompson, P., Thompson, B., Ehmen, C., Adjei, S., Langefeld, I., Adjei, O., et al. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2009-09-241844 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Cellular immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens in Gambian children during and after an acute attack of falciparum malaria.
Riley, E. M., Andersson, G., Otoo, L. N., Jepsen, S. V., & Greenwood, B. M. (1988) · PubMed Central · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Haemoglobin C and S Role in Acquired Immunity against Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Verra, F., Simporè, J., Warimwe, G. M., Tetteh, K. K. A., Howard, T., Osier, F. H. A., Bancone, G., Avellino, P., Blot, I., Fegan, G., et al. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000978 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Higher resistance to Plasmodium falciparum infection in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease in western Kenya
Aluoch, J. R. (1997) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-322.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Hemoglobin C and Resistance to Severe Malaria in Ghanaian Children
Mockenhaupt, F. P., Ehrhardt, S., Cramer, J. P., Otchwemah, R. N., Anemana, S. D., Goltz, K., Mylius, F., Dietz, E., Eggelte, T. A., & Bienzle, U. (2004) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/422847 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Immune Responses to Asexual Blood-Stages of Malaria Parasites
Yazdani, S. S., Mukherjee, P., Chauhan, V. S., & Chitnis, C. E. (2006) · Current Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2174/156652406776055212 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Evidence for both innate and acquired mechanisms of protection from Plasmodium falciparum in children with sickle cell trait
Gong, L., Maiteki‐Sebuguzi, C., Rosenthal, P. J., Hubbard, A., DRAKELEY, C. J., Dorsey, G., & Greenhouse, B. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-08-371062 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Sickle Cell Trait Is Associated with Enhanced Immunoglobulin G Antibody Responses toPlasmodium falciparumVariant Surface Antigens
Cabrera, G., Cot, M., Migot‐Nabias, F., Kremsner, P. G., Deloron, P., & Luty, A. J. F. (2005) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/429832 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Sickle cell disease in the Balovale District of Northern Rhodesia.
BEET, E. A. (1946) · PubMed · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Morbidity from malaria and immune responses to defined Plasmodium falciparum antigens in children with sickle cell trait in The Gambia
Allen, S. J., Bennett, S., Riley, E. M., Rowe, P. A., Jakobsen, P., O’Donnell, A., & Greenwood, B. M. (1992) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/0035-9203(92)90083-o · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Population genetic studies in the Congo. I. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, hemoglobin S, and malaria.
Motulsky, A. G., Vandepitte, J., & Fraser, G. R. (1966) · PubMed · Cited by 64 · see citing works
α-Thalassemia Impairs the Cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes
Krause, M., Diakité, S. A. S., Lopera-Mesa, T. M., Amaratunga, C., Arie, T., Traoré, K., Doumbia, S., Konate, D. S., Keefer, J. R., Diakité, M., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037214 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Effects of red blood cell potassium and hypertonicity on the growth ofPlasmodium falciparum in culture
Ginsburg, H., Handeli, S., Friedman, S., Gorodetsky, R., & Krugliak, M. (1986) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/bf00931146 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Suppression of Parasite‐Specific Response in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. A Longitudinal Study of Blood Mononculear Cell Proliferation and Subset Composition
Theander, T. G., Bygbjerg, I. C., Andersen, B. J., Jepsen, S. V., Kharazmi, A., & Ødum, N. (1986) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb02071.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Longitudinal study of Plasmodium falciparum infection and immune responses in infants with or without the sickle cell trait
Hesran, J. L., Personne, I., Personne, P., Fiévet, N., Dubois, B., Beyeme, M., Boudin, C., Cot, M., & Deloron, P. (1999) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/28.4.793 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
IMMUNOADSORBENT ISOLATION OF ANTIGENS FROM THE CULTURE MEDIUM OF IN VITRO CULTIVATEDPLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM
Jepsen, S. V., & Andersen, B. J. (1981) · Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section C Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02671.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Influence of haemoglobins S and C on predominantly asymptomatic Plasmodium infections in northern Ghana
Danquah, I., Ziniel, P. D., Eggelte, T. A., Ehrhardt, S., & Mockenhaupt, F. P. (2010) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.08.001 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Red blood cell polymorphisms in relation to Plasmodium falciparum asymptomatic parasite densities and morbidity in Senegal
Migot‐Nabias, F., Pelleau, S., Watier, L., Guitard, J., Toly‐Ndour, C., Araujo, C. D., Ngom, M., Chevillard, C., Gaye, O., & Garcia, A. (2006) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2006.03.021 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
HOST POLYMORPHISMS AND THE INCIDENCE OF MALARIA IN UGANDAN CHILDREN
Parikh, S., Dorsey, G., & Rosenthal, P. J. (2004) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2004.71.750 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citation
Impaired cell-mediated immunity in Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients with high-parasitemia and cerebral malaria
Brasseur, P., Agrapart, M., Ballet, J.-J., Druilhe, P., Warrell, M. J., & Tharavanis, S. (1983) · Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/0090-1229(83)90054-5 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria and Human Red Cells. II. Red Cell Genetic Traits and Resistance Against Malaria
Guggenmoos-Holzmann, I., Bienzle, U., & Luzzatto, L. (1981) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/10.1.16 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hemoglobin S and C Heterozygosity Enhances Neither the Magnitude nor Breadth of Antibody Responses to a Diverse Array of Plasmodium falciparum Antigens
Tan, X., Traoré, B., Kayentao, K., Ongoïba, A., Doumbo, S., Waisberg, M., Doumbo, O. K., Felgner, P. L., Fairhurst, R. M., & Crompton, P. D. (2011) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jir638 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
THE RELATIONSHIP OF SERUM GAMMA-GLOBULIN CONCENTRATION TO MALARIA AND SICKLING
Edozien, J. C., Boyo, A. E., & Morley, D. C. (1960) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.13.2.118 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Immunoglobulin M and G antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum glutamate-rich protein: correlation with clinical immunity in Gambian children
Dziegiel, M. H., Rowe, P. A., Bennett, S. C. J., Allen, S. J., Olerup, O., Gottschau, A., Borre, M. B., & Riley, E. M. (1993) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.61.1.103-108.1993 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Cell-mediated immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum purified soluble antigens in sickle-cell trait subjects
Bayoumi, R., Abu-Zeid, Y. A., Abdulhadi, N. H., Saeed, B. O., Theander, T. G., Hviid, L., Ghalib, H. W., Nugud, A. H. D., Jepsen, S. V., & Jensen, J. B. (1990) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/0165-2478(90)90122-7 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Abnormal haemoglobins in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria
Cornille-Brøgger, R., Fleming, A. F., Kagan, I. G., Matsushima, T., & Molineaux, L. (1979) · Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology · doi:10.1080/00034983.1979.11687244 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Sickle Cell Trait Protects Against Plasmodium falciparum Infection
Billo, M. A., Johnson, E. S., Doumbia, S., Poudiougou, B., Sagara, I., Diawara, S. I., Diakité, M., Diallo, M., Doumbo, O. K., Tounkara, A., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kws323 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Imbalanced Distribution of Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 Genotypes Related to Sickle-Cell Trait
Ntoumi, F., Rogier, C., Dièye, A., Trape, J., Millet, P. G., & Mercereau‐Puijalon, O. (1997) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf03401815 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Specific proliferative response of human lymphocytes to purified soluble antigens from Plasmodium falciparum in vitro cultures and to antigens from malaria patients' sera.
Bygbjerg, I. C., Jepsen, S. V., Theander, T. G., & Ødum, N. (1985) · PubMed Central · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Toxic Heme in Sickle Cells: an Explanation for Death of Malaria Parasites *
Orjih, A. U., Fitch, C. D., & Chevli, R. (1985) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.223 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Modulation of the cellular immune response during Plasmodium falciparum infections in sickle cell trait individuals
Abu-Zeid, Y. A., Theander, T. G., Abdulhadi, N. H., Hviid, L., Saeed, B. O., Jepsen, S. V., Jensen, J. B., & Bayoumi, R. (1992) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb03048.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Impact of red blood cell polymorphisms on the antibody response to Plasmodium falciparum in Senegal
Sarr, J. B., Pelleau, S., Toly‐Ndour, C., Guitard, J., Konaté, L., Deloron, P., Garcia, A., & Migot‐Nabias, F. (2006) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.12.005 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Lymphoproliferative Responses to Plasmodium falciparum Antigens in Children With and Without the Sickle Cell Trait
Abu-Zeid, Y. A., Abdulhadi, N. H., Hviid, L., Theander, T. G., Saeed, B. O., Jepsen, S. V., Jensen, J. B., & Bayoumi, R. (1991) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01542.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Host Genetic Factors in Resistance and Susceptibility to Malaria
Kwiatkowski, D. P., & Luoni, G. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555817558.ch24 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The sickle cell trait; its clinical significance.
Brain, P. (1952) · PubMed · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Malaria-induced lymphokines: stimulation of macrophages for enhanced phagocytosis
Ockenhouse, C. F., & Shear, H. L. (1983) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.42.2.733-739.1983 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum: evolution according to the severity of a prior clinical episode and association with subsequent reinfection.
Luty, A. J. F., Ulbert, S., Lell, B., Lehman, L. G., Schmidt‐Ott, R., Luckner, D., Greve, B., Matoušek, P., Schmid, D., Herbich, K., et al. (2000) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.566 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Sickle Cell Trait
Nalbandian, R. M. (1973) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1973.03230110045013 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Differential antibody response of Gambian donors to soluble Plasmodium falciparum antigens
Jakobsen, P., Riley, E. M., Allen, S. J., Larsen, S. O., Bennett, S., Jepsen, S. V., & Greenwood, B. M. (1991) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/0035-9203(91)90141-k · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Relationship between Malaria Incidence and IgG Levels to Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Antigens in Malian Children: Impact of Hemoglobins S and C
Miura, K., Diakité, M., Diouf, A., Doumbia, S., Konate, D. S., Keita, A. S., Moretz, S. E., Tullo, G., Zhou, H., Lopera-Mesa, T. M., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060182 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
FREQUENCIES OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MYELOID CELLS IN HEALTHY KENYAN CHILDREN WITH α+ THALASSEMIA AND THE SICKLE CELL TRAIT
Urban, B. C., Shafi, M. J., Cordery, D. V., Macharia, A. W., Lowe, B. S., Marsh, K., & Williams, T. N. (2006) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2006.74.578 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Relationship of Binding of Immunoglobulin G to Plasmodium falciparum -Infected Erythrocytes with Parasite Endemicity and Antibody Responses to Conserved Antigen in Immune Individuals
Diatta, A.-M., Marrama, L., Tall, A., Trape, J., Dièye, A., Garraud, O., Mercereau‐Puijalon, O., & Perraut, R. (2004) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cdli.11.1.6-11.2004 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Iron in infection and immunity
Nairz, M., & Weiss, G. (2020) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2020.100864 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Parasitic Protozoa and Interactions with the Host Intestinal Microbiota
Burgess, S. L., Gilchrist, C. A., Lynn, T. C., & Petri, W. A. (2017) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00101-17 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Discrimination of single-point mutations in unamplified genomic DNA via Cas9 immobilized on a graphene field-effect transistor
Balderston, S., Taulbee, J. J., Celaya, E., Fung, K., Jiao, A., Smith, K., Hajian, R., Gasiūnas, G., Kutanovas, S., Kim, D., et al. (2021) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-021-00706-z · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Activated Neutrophils Are Associated with Pediatric Cerebral Malaria Vasculopathy in Malawian Children
Feintuch, C. M., Saidi, A., Seydel, K. B., Chen, G., Goldman-Yassen, A. E., Mita-Mendoza, N. K., Kim, R. S., Frenette, P. S., Taylor, T. E., & Daily, J. P. (2016) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01300-15 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Extreme Competence: Keystone Hosts of Infections
Martin, L. B., Addison, B., Bean, A. G. D., Buchanan, K. L., Crino, O. L., Eastwood, J. R., Flies, A. S., Hamede, R., Hill, G. E., Klaassen, M., et al. (2019) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2018.12.009 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Genome-wide identification of cancer/testis genes and their association with prognosis in a pan-cancer analysis
da Silva, V. L., Fonseca, A. F., da Fonsêca, M. M., da Silva, T. E., Coelho, A. C., Kroll, J. E., de Souza, J. E. S., Stransky, B., de Souza, G. A., & SOUZA, S. J. D. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.21715 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Antimalarial NADPH-Consuming Redox-Cyclers As Superior Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Copycats
Bielitza, M., Belorgey, D., Ehrhardt, K., Johann, L., Lanfranchi, D. A., Gallo, V., Schwarzer, E., Mohring, F., Jortzik, E., Williams, D. L., et al. (2015) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2014.6047 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Genetic diseases conferring resistance to infectious diseases
Withrock, I. C., Anderson, S. J., Jefferson, M. A., Schmidt-McCormack, G. R., Mlynarczyk, G. S. A., Nakama, A., Lange, J. K., Berg, C. A., Acharya, S., Stock, M. L., et al. (2015) · Genes & Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2015.02.008 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Malaria parasites and red cell variants
Taylor, S. M., & Fairhurst, R. M. (2014) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0000000000000039 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Characterizing the pathogenicity of genetic variants: the consequences of context
Ciesielski, T. H., Sirugo, G., Iyengar, S. K., & Williams, S. M. (2024) · npj Genomic Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41525-023-00386-5 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Novel Insights Into the Protective Role of Hemoglobin S and C AgainstPlasmodium falciparumParasitemia
Mangano, V. D., Kaboré, Y., Bougouma, E. C. C., Verra, F., Sepúlveda, N., Bisseyé, C., Santolamazza, F., Avellino, P., Tiono, A. B., Diarra, A., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv098 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Eryptosis as a New Insight in Malaria Pathogenesis
Scovino, A. M., Totino, P. R. R., & Morrot, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.855795 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Turf wars: exploring splenomegaly in sickle cell disease in malaria‐endemic regions
Tubman, V. N., & Makani, J. (2017) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.14592 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Associations between Red Cell Polymorphisms and Plasmodium falciparum Infection in the Middle Belt of Ghana
Amoako, N., Asante, K. P., Adjei, G. O., Awandare, G. A., Bimi, L., & Owusu‐Agyei, S. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112868 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Identifying children with excess malaria episodes after adjusting for variation in exposure: identification from a longitudinal study using statistical count models
Ndungu, F. M., Marsh, K., Fegan, G., Wambua, J., Nyangweso, G. M., Ogada, E. A., Mwangi, T., Nyundo, C., Macharia, A., Uyoga, S. M., et al. (2015) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0422-4 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Stroke and stroke prevention in sickle cell anemia in developed and selected developing countries
Bhattacharya, P., Sarmah, D., Dave, K. R., Goswami, A., Watanabe, M., Wang, X., Kalia, K., Plesnila, N., Yavagal, D. R., & Alvarez, O. A. (2021) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2021.117510 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
An in vitro erythrocyte preference assay reveals that Plasmodium falciparum parasites prefer Type O over Type A erythrocytes
Theron, M., Cross, N., Cawkill, P., Bustamante, L. Y., & Rayner, J. C. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26559-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Increased Susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum in Infants is associated with Low, not High, Placental Malaria Parasitemia
Yunga, S. T., Fouda, G. G., Sama, G., Ngu, J. B., Leke, R. G. F., & Taylor, D. W. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18574-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Mistargeting of a truncated Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in epithelial cells
Koumangoye, R. B., Omer, S., & Delpire, E. J. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00130.2018 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Epigenetics and Malaria Susceptibility/Protection: A Missing Piece of the Puzzle
Arama, C., Quin, J. E., Kouriba, B., Farrants, A. Ö., Troye‐Blomberg, M., & Doumbo, O. K. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01733 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Pathogenic Interleukin-10 Receptor Alpha Variants in Humans — Balancing Natural Selection and Clinical Implications
Aschenbrenner, D., Ye, Z., Zhou, Y., Hu, W., Brooks, I., Williams, I., Capitani, M., Gartner, L., Kotlarz, D., Snapper, S. B., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1007/s10875-022-01366-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Comparative study of clinical presentation and hematological indices in hospitalized sickle cell patients with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Purohit, P., Mohanty, P. K., Patel, S., Das, P., Panigrahi, J., & Das, K. (2017) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2017.08.013 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Genetic Basis of Adaptation and Maladaptation via Balancing Selection
Gupta, M. K., & Vadde, R. (2019) · Zoology · doi:10.1016/j.zool.2019.125693 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Stage-dependent fate of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells in the spleen and sickle-cell trait-related protection against malaria
Diakité, S. A. S., Ndour, P. A., Brousse, V. A. M., Gay, F., Roussel, C., Biligui, S., Dussiot, M., Prendki, V., Lopera-Mesa, T. M., Traoré, K., et al. (2016) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1522-0 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Influence of the sickle cell trait on Plasmodium falciparum infectivity from naturally infected gametocyte carriers
Maffo, C. N., Bayibéki, A. N., Abate, L., Makinde, O. S., Feufack-Donfack, L. B., Sarah-Matio, E. M., Bouopda-Tuedom, A. G., Taconet, P., Moiroux, N., Awono‐Ambene, P., et al. (2023) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-023-08134-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The scope of clinical morbidity in sickle cell trait
Tantawy, A. A. G. (2014) · Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmhg.2014.08.008 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sickle Cell Anemia: History and Epidemiology
Piel, F. B., & Williams, T. N. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06713-1_2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Treating sickle cell disease in resource-limited sub-Saharan Africa: recent strategies and recommendations in addressing the gaps for the provision of evidence-based management
Brito, M., Ginete, C., Ofakunrin, A. O. D., Diaku-Akinwumi, I., & Inusa, B. P. D. (2025) · Expert Review of Hematology · doi:10.1080/17474086.2025.2500599 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Associations between erythrocyte polymorphisms and risks of uncomplicated and severe malaria in Ugandan children: A case control study
Mpimbaza, A., Walakira, A., Ndeezi, G., Katahoire, A., Karamagi, C., Nsobya, S. L., Tukwasibwe, S., Asua, V., & Rosenthal, P. J. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203229 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Comparative analysis of asexual and sexual stage Plasmodium falciparum development in different red blood cell types
Amoah, L. E., Acquah, F. K., Nyarko, P., Cudjoe, E., Donu, D., Ayanful‐Torgby, R., Sey, F., Williamson, K. C., & Awandare, G. A. (2020) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03275-9 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The impact of reduced incidence of malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases on global population
Gooch, E. (2017) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.10.003 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Influence of blood group, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and Haemoglobin genotype on Falciparum malaria in children in Vihiga highland of Western Kenya
Ahmed, J. S., Guyah, B., Sang, D., Webale, M. K., Shaviya, N., Munde, E. O., & Ouma, C. (2020) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05216-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Associations between red blood cell variants and malaria among children and adults from three areas of Uganda: a prospective cohort study
Kakande, E. R., Greenhouse, B., Bajunirwe, F., DRAKELEY, C. J., Nankabirwa, J. I., Walakira, A., Nsobya, S. L., Katureebe, A., Rek, J. C., Arinaitwe, E., et al. (2020) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-020-3105-3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Entire expressed peripheral blood transcriptome in pediatric severe malarial anemia
Anyona, S. B., Cheng, Q., Wasena, S. A., Osata, S. W., Guo, Y. P., Raballah, E. O., Hurwitz, I., Onyango, C., Ouma, C., Seidenberg, P., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48259-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Altered parasite life-cycle processes characterize Babesia divergens infection in human sickle cell anemia
Cursino‐Santos, J. R., Singh, M., Senaldi, E., Manwani, D. G., Yazdanbakhsh, K., & Lobo, C. A. (2019) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2018.214304 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
To prevent or ameliorate severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria, why not evaluate the impact of exchange transfusions of sickle cell trait red blood cells?
Jajosky, R. P., Jajosky, A. N., & Jajosky, P. G. (2017) · Transfusion and Apheresis Science · doi:10.1016/j.transci.2017.11.032 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Interethnic diversity of the CD209 (rs4804803) gene promoter polymorphism in African but not American sickle cell disease
Noble, J. A., Duru, K. C., Guindo, A., Yi, L., Imumorin, I. G., Diallo, D. A., & Thomas, B. N. (2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.799 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Membrane protein carbonylation of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes under conditions of sickle cell trait and G6PD deficiency
Contreras‐Puentes, N., Rodríguez-Cavallo, E., & Méndez-Cuadro, D. (2018) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.11.003 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sickle Cell Anemia and Inflammation: A Review of Stones and Landmarks Paving the Road in the Last 25 Years
Dorneles, J., Mayer, A. D. M., & Chies, J. A. B. (2025) · Hematology Reports · doi:10.3390/hematolrep17010002 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effect of iron fortification on anaemia and risk of malaria among Ghanaian pre-school children with haemoglobinopathies and different ABO blood groups
Tchum, S. K., Sakyi, S. A., Arthur, F. K. N., Adu, B., Abubakar, L. A., Oppong, F. B., Dzabeng, F., Amoani, B., Gyan, T., & Asante, K. P. (2023) · BMC Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s40795-023-00709-w · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Plasmodium falciparum infection in febrile Congolese children: prevalence of clinical malaria 10 years after introduction of artemisinin‐combination therapies
Etoka‐Beka, M. K., Ntoumi, F., Kombo, M., Deibert, J., Poulain, P., Vouvoungui, C., Kobawila, S. C., & Koukouikila-Koussounda, F. (2016) · Tropical Medicine & International Health · doi:10.1111/tmi.12786 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Pathophysiology and Perioperative Management of Sickle Cell Disease
Paradowski, K. (2015) · Journal of Perioperative Practice · doi:10.1177/175045891502500602 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Trained immunity from the perspective of Plasmodium infection
Li, J., Liu, L., Chen, D., Yin, W., & Huang, J. (2023) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202250268 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Non-S Sickling Hemoglobin Variants: Historical, Genetic, Diagnostic, and Clinical Perspectives
Ahmed, S. G., & Ibrahim, U. A. (2021) · Oman Medical Journal · doi:10.5001/omj.2021.102 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Elucidating parasite and host-cell factors enabling Babesia infection in sickle red cells under hypoxic/hyperoxic conditions
Beri, D., Singh, M., Rodriguez, M., Barbu-Stevanovic, M., Rasquinha, G., Mendelson, A., An, X., Manwani, D. G., Yazdanbakhsh, K., & Lobo, C. A. (2022) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008159 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cross sectional study on prevalence of sickle cell alleles S and C among patients with mild malaria in Ivory Coast
Koui, T. S., Gbessi, E. A., Coulibaly, B., Ako, B., David, C. N., Joly, P., Assi, S.-B., Touré, A. O., & Jambou, R. (2018) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-018-3296-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Sickle Cell Trait Induces Oxidative Damage on Plasmodium falciparum Proteome at Erythrocyte Stages
Díaz-Castillo, A., Contreras‐Puentes, N., Alvear, C., Moneriz, C., Rodríguez-Cavallo, E., & Méndez-Cuadro, D. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20225769 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Genetic resistance to human malaria
Muhammad, I., Abubakar, B., & Muhammad, T. (2022) · Cellular Molecular and Biomedical Reports · doi:10.55705/cmbr.2022.342533.1043 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Extensive Genomic Variability of Knops Blood Group Polymorphisms is Associated with Sickle Cell Disease in Africa
Duru, K. C., Noble, J. A., Guindo, A., Yi, L., Imumorin, I. G., Diallo, D. A., & Thomas, B. N. (2015) · Evolutionary Bioinformatics · doi:10.4137/ebo.s23132 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Transfusion‐transmitted malaria masquerading as sickle cell crisis with multisystem organ failure
Maier, C. L., Gross, P. J., Dean, C. L., Chonat, S., Ip, A., McLemore, M. L., Rassi, F. A. E., Stowell, S. R., Josephson, C. D., & Fasano, R. M. (2018) · Transfusion · doi:10.1111/trf.14566 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sickle Cell Disease – Current Treatment and New Therapeutical Approaches
de Melo, T. R. F., Ercolin, L. D. R., Chelucci, R. C., Melchior, A. C. B., Lanaro, C., Chin, C. M., & dos Santos, J. L. (2015) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/60515 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Diagnostic challenges of prolonged post-treatment clearance of Plasmodium nucleic acids in a pre-transplant autosplenectomized patient with sickle cell disease
Luethy, P. M., Murphy, S. C., Seilie, A. M., Xie, Y. L., Lau, C., Tisdale, J. F., Hsieh, M. M., Reinhardt, J. L., Lau, A. F., & Fahle, G. A. (2018) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2152-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Immunoglobulin G responses against falciparum malaria specific antigens are higher in children with homozygous sickle cell trait than those with normal hemoglobin
Bwire, G. M., Majigo, M. V., Makala, R., Nkinda, L., Mawazo, A., Mizinduko, M. M., & Makani, J. (2019) · BMC Immunology · doi:10.1186/s12865-019-0294-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Data-driven spatial–temporal framework for exploring the heterogeneity and temporality of sepsis
Qiu, Y., & Zhou, X. Q. (2025) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000003849 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Quantitative trait locus analysis of parasite density reveals that HbS gene carriage protects severe malaria patients against Plasmodium falciparum hyperparasitaemia
Sambo, M. D. R., Penha‐Gonçalves, C., Trovoada, M. J., Costa, J., Ferrer, R. L., & Coutinho, A. (2015) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0920-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Transcriptomic and Proteomic Insights into Host Immune Responses in Pediatric Severe Malarial Anemia: Dysregulation in HSP60-70-TLR2/4 Signaling and Altered Glutamine Metabolism
Onyango, C., Anyona, S. B., Hurwitz, I., Raballah, E. O., Wasena, S. A., Osata, S. W., Seidenberg, P., McMahon, B. H., Lambert, C. G., Schneider, K. A., et al. (2024) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens13100867 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hemoglobinopathies, merozoite surface protein-2 gene polymorphisms, and acquisition of Epstein Barr virus among infants in Western Kenya
Olewe, P., Awandu, S. S., Munde, E. O., Anyona, S. B., Raballah, E. O., Amolo, A. S., Ogola, S., Ndenga, E., Onyango, C., Rochford, R. A., et al. (2023) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-023-11063-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pathophysiologic Basis of Haemolysis in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease in Steady State and in Hyperhaemolytic States
Ahmed, S. G., & Ibrahim, U. A. (2023) · Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences. · doi:10.4103/njbcs.njbcs_55_22 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Novel secretory organelles of parasite origin ‐ at the center of host‐parasite interaction
Bekić, V., & Kilian, N. (2023) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.202200241 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Human red blood cell polymorphisms prevalent in Colombian population and its protective role against malaria
Contreras‐Puentes, N., & Amador, A. A. (2018) · Transfusion Clinique et Biologique · doi:10.1016/j.tracli.2018.08.001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Determinants and modifiers of bleeding phenotypes in haemophilia-A: General and tropical perspectives
Ibrahim, U. A., & Ahmed, S. G. (2017) · Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.10.004 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Anemia de células falciformes
Chaves, W. G., Amador, D., & Sánchez, J. M. M. (2014) · Revista Repertorio de Medicina y Cirugía · doi:10.31260/repertmedcir.v23.n3.2014.715 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Natural killer cell antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity to Plasmodium falciparum is impacted by cellular phenotypes, erythrocyte polymorphisms, parasite diversity and intensity of transmission
Tukwasibwe, S., Lewis, S. N., Taremwa, Y., van der Ploeg, K., Press, K. D., Ty, M., Nankya, F., Musinguzi, K., Nansubuga, E., Bach, F. A., et al. (2024) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1002/cti2.70005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.) and Curcuma longa (L.) modulate immunoglobulin and cytokine levels in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice
Olanlokun, J. O., & Olorunsogo, O. O. (2021) · Comparative Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1007/s00580-021-03272-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Developmental Biology of Black Skin, Hair, and Nails
Tang, N., Heath, C. R., & Silverberg, N. B. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6654-3_2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Inherited Hemoglobin Disorders
Munshi, A. (2015) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/59742 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Opioid dependence among people with haemophilia in a low-resource tropical setting: prevalence and risk factors in northern Nigeria
Ahmed, S. G., Ibrahim, U. A., & Kagu, M. B. (2019) · The Journal of Haemophilia Practice · doi:10.17225/jhp00132 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Haemoglobin phenotypes and the risk of asymptomatic malaria parasitemia among blood donors in northwest Nigeria: clinical implications in the practice of tropical transfusion medicine
Kani, K. M., Ibrahim, Z., Habeeb, A., Ibrahim, U. A., & Ahmed, S. G. (2021) · African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology · doi:10.4314/ajcem.v22i2.10 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sickle Cell Retinopathy
Lim, J. I. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42634-7_29 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Association between sickle cell trait and Plasmodium falciparum infection: evidence for age-specific protection in a cross-sectional study in Guinea-Bissau
Silva, R., Rodrigues, A., Arez, A. P., & Medeiros, M. M. (2025) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108135 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
From Protective Factors to Mechanisms: Charting the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia Resilience
Bittner, R. A., Barnes-Scheufler, C. V., Reif, A., & Qubad, M. (2026) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbag146 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Immunological Perspectives of sub-Saharan Populations under Prophylaxis against Malaria
Bwire, G. M., & Mwambete, K. D. (2019) · Immunology and Inflammation Diseases Therapy · doi:10.31579/2637-8876/013 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A doença falciforme como factor protector contra a Malária
Chimuco, K. S. M. (2023) · Revista Angolana de Ciências da Saúde / Angolan Journal Of Health Sciences · doi:10.54283/racsaude.v3i2.2023.p4-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Teaching developmental biology to drive social change: Pedagogy that challenges biologically deterministic views on phenotypic variation
Paxson, J. A. (2025) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.03.004 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Definition, Scope, and Premises of Human Population Genetics
Templeton, A. R. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386025-5.00001-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Estimating Malaria Vaccine Efficacy in the Absence of a Gold Standard Case Definition: Mendelian Factorial Design
Hasegawa, R. B., & Small, D. S. (2020) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.2020.1863222 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A review of the role of infections in the aetiology of haemolysis in patients with sickle cell diseases: pathogenesis, management, and prevention
Ahmed, S. G., & Ibrahim, U. A. (2022) · African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology · doi:10.4314/ajcem.v23i4.3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Validação da triagem clínica para malária em candidatos à doação de sangue (região não endêmica)
Mazzariol, A. M. M. (2014) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2014.tde-24032014-111125 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sickle Cell Retinopathy
Chee, R.-I., Zahid, S., & Lim, J. I. (2020) · Retina atlas · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-4075-2_14 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Is Sickle Cell Trait as Benign as it is Usually Assumed
Flansburg, C. N. (2014)
Accessing and applying molecular historyPreprint
Stern, J. G., & Gaucher, E. A. (2015) · doi:10.7287/peerj.preprints.1293v1
Developing Methods for the Estimation of Stature and their Use as a Proxy for Health among the Ancient Chachapoya of Peru
Anzellini, A. (2016) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research
Estimating Malaria Vaccine Efficacy in the Absence of a Gold Standard Case Definition: Mendelian Factorial Design
Hasegawa, R. B., & Small, D. S. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13373997
Immunoepidemiology of Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Bei, A. K., & Parikh, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25553-4_12
Self-citation
Sickle cell exerted protection against malarial infection in Nigerian children (6–59 months)
Shourove, J. H., & Islam, G. M. R. (2021) · Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100896
Asymptomatic Patients and Immune Subjects
Veronese, S., & Sbarbati, A. (2022) · Encyclopedia · doi:10.3390/encyclopedia2010008
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Genetic diseases conferring resistance to infectious diseases.
Meyts, I. (2017) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.729105766.793539039
Sickle Cell Retinopathy
Lim, J. I. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_29-2
Sickle Cell Retinopathy
Lim, J. I., & Schenk, M. H. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90495-5_29-1
Instances of Human Genetic Resistance Against Pathogens
Sampson, J. N., & Ravindran, P. T. (2021) · Journal of Student Research · doi:10.47611/jsrhs.v10i4.1971
Aspectos gerais que influenciam na incidência da malária em portadores de anemia falciforme
Mafra, A. E. D. S., Neto, H. J. D. S., de Castro, S. S. B. M., Brito, Á. D. C., Backsmann, Y. L., Martim, S. R., & Figueiredo, E. F. G. (2022) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v11i14.36508
Transmission and the evolution of diseases caused by chlamydia trachomatis, SARS-CoV-2, and plasmodium species.
Steffens, N. (2023) · doi:10.18297/etd/4116
Additional file 1 of Hemoglobinopathies, merozoite surface protein-2 gene polymorphisms, and acquisition of Epstein Barr virus among infants in Western Kenya
Olewe, P., Awandu, S. S., Munde, E. O., Anyona, S. B., Raballah, E. O., Amolo, A. S., Ogola, S., Ndenga, E., Onyango, C., Rochford, R. A., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23550272
Perspective Chapter: Emerging Innovations in Gene Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease and Beta-Thalassemia
Thomas, S., Okodaso, H., Kanjia, K., Khatu, V., Michaud, D. S., Singh, K., Jones, K., Taylor, C., Ikolo, B. T., & Ikolo, F. (2025) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1010722
Sickling Disorder Caused by Co-Inheritance of Hemoglobin Maputo and Hemoglobin S: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Loonat, S. B., Naran, N. H., Ramparsad, N., Beringer, N., Moodly, M., Ismail, A., Bronze, M., Faller, G., & Alli, N. A. (2025) · Hemoglobin · doi:10.1080/03630269.2025.2537094
Elevated Plasmodium falciparum sexual conversion in HbAC and HbAS red blood cells in naturally infected malaria patientsPreprint
Boukili, Y. D.-E., Kühne, V., Natama, H. M., Moris, P., Tintó-Font, E., Goovaerts, O., Guetens, P., Moreno-Murillo, A., Valgaerts, Y., Traoré, T. E., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.15.688532
An Intelligent Runtime Dependability Forecast Based Hybrid Task Scheduling in Cloud
Suganya, B., & Padmapriya, R. (2025) · International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences · doi:10.14419/njb1me19
Additional file 1 of Influence of the sickle cell trait on Plasmodium falciparum infectivity from naturally infected gametocyte carriers
Maffo, C. N., Bayibéki, A. N., Abate, L., Makinde, O. S., Feufack-Donfack, L. B., Sarah-Matio, E. M., Bouopda-Tuedom, A. G., Taconet, P., Moiroux, N., Awono-Ambéné, P. H., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22799959
Pyogenic Splenic Abscess With Concurrent Active Plasmodium falciparum Malaria and Sickle Cell Trait: A Case Report
Gumbs, S., Gikunda, W., Das, H., Douchee, J., & Wilkinson, C. A. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.102272
Prevalence of Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Malaria Coinfection and their Association with Anaemia in Children in Douala, Cameroon
Djakissam, W., Yopa, C. N., Sofeu-Feugaing, D. D., & Menkem, E. Z. (2026) · Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion · doi:10.1007/s12288-026-02325-7

Authors: Gong, L., Parikh, S., Rosenthal, P. J., & Greenhouse, B.
Affiliations: University of California, San Francisco (US)
Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: Greenhouse, Bryan
ORCID: Parikh, Sunil
Rosenthal, Philip J
Greenhouse, Bryan
Venue: Malaria Journal
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-09-11
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 317-317
ISSN: 1475-2875 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-317
PMC: PMC3847285
OpenAlex: W2156643348
Cited by: 105
References: 108
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 1.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Malaria Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (2011043)
National Institutes of Health
U.S. Public Health Service (U19 A1089674)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K23AI076614, U19AI089674)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood groups and transfusion
Keywords: sickle cell trait, falciparum malaria, malaria prevention, host-parasite interactions, host immune response, heme oxygenase-1, host genetic polymorphisms
MeSH terms: Humans, Sickle Cell Trait, Malaria, Falciparum, Host-Pathogen Interactions

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Biochemical and immunological mechanisms by which sickle cell trait protects against malaria

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks