Interdependence of domestic malaria prevention measures and mosquito-human interactions in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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BACKGROUND: Successful malaria vector control depends on understanding behavioural interactions between mosquitoes and humans, which are highly setting-specific and may have characteristic features in urban environments. Here mosquito biting patterns in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania are examined and the protection against exposure to malaria transmission that is afforded to residents by using an insecticide-treated net (ITN) is estimated. METHODS: Mosquito biting activity over the course of the night was estimated by human landing catch in 216 houses and 1,064 residents were interviewed to determine usage of protection measures and the proportion of each hour of the night spent sleeping indoors, awake indoors, and outdoors. RESULTS: Hourly variations in biting activity by members of the Anopheles gambiae complex were consistent with classical reports but the proportion of these vectors caught outdoors in Dar es Salaam was almost double that of rural Tanzania. Overall, ITNs confer less protection against exophagic vectors in Dar es Salaam than in rural southern Tanzania (59% versus 70%). More alarmingly, a biting activity maximum that precedes 10 pm and much lower levels of ITN protection against exposure (38%) were observed for Anopheles arabiensis, a vector of modest importance locally, but which predominates transmission in large parts of Africa. CONCLUSION: In a situation of changing mosquito and human behaviour, ITNs may confer lower, but still useful, levels of personal protection which can be complemented by communal transmission suppression at high coverage. Mosquito-proofing houses appeared to be the intervention of choice amongst residents and further options for preventing outdoor transmission include larviciding and environmental management.
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Behavioural changes in vectors towards LLINs/IRS could jeopardize progress in malaria control.
“However, this progress could be jeopardized by several factors including behavioural changes in vectors towards these control tools (Geissbuhler et al. 2007; Protopopoff et al. 2008; Kleinschmidt 2015).”
From Resting and feeding behaviour of malaria vectors, in two areas of high long-lasting insecticidal nets coverage in Côte d'Ivoire (2024) · cites this paper as Geissbuhler et al. 2007
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Carbamate and pyrethroid resistance in the akron strain of Anopheles gambiae
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- Authors
- Geissbühler, Y., Chaki, P., Emidi, B., Govella, N. J., Shirima, R., Mayagaya, V., Mtasiwa, D., Mshinda, H., Fillinger, U., Lindsay, S. W., Kannady, K., de Castro, M. C., Tanner, M., & Killeen, G. F.
- Affiliations
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (CH)
- Ifakara Health Institute (TZ)
- University of Dar es Salaam (TZ)
- Durham University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Geissbühler, Yvonne
- Venue
- Malaria Journal
- Published
- 2007-09-19
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 126-126
- ISSN
- 1475-2875 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2039744
- OpenAlex
- W2131072539
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Malaria Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IHI Repository (acceptedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- United States Agency for International Development
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- Wellcome Trust (076806)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- malaria vector control, Anopheles gambiae s.l., Anopheles arabiensis, insecticide-treated nets, human landing catches, exophagy, outdoor biting, larviciding, environmental management, urban malaria, Dar es Salaam
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Insect Bites and Stings, Malaria, Mosquito Control, Population Density, Tanzania
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