Cited by 138Malaria Research and ControlInsect Resistance and GeneticsDengue and Mosquito Control Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Evidence of increasing Leu-Phe knockdown resistance mutation in Anopheles gambiae from Niger following a nationwide long-lasting insecticide-treated nets implementation

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: At the end of 2005, a nationwide long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLIN) distribution targeting the most vulnerable populations was implemented throughout Niger. A large number of studies in Africa have reported the existence of anopheline populations resistant to various insecticides, partly due to knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations, but few operational wide-scale control programmes were coupled with the monitoring of such mutations. The distribution of the kdr-west (kdr-w) Leu-Phe mutation was studied in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Niger and temporal variations were monitored following the nationwide LLIN implementation. METHODS: Mosquitoes were collected from 14 localities during the wet seasons of 2005, 2006 and 2007 with additional sampling in the capital city, Niamey. After morphological identification of Anopheles gambiae s.l. specimens, DNA extracts were used for the determination of species and molecular forms of the Anopheles gambiae complex and for the detection of the kdr-w mutation. RESULTS: Around 1,500 specimens collected in the three consecutive years were analysed. All Anopheles arabiensis specimens analysed were homozygous susceptible, whereas the few Anopheles gambiae S forms exhibited a high overall kdr-w frequency. The M form samples exhibited a low overall kdr-w frequency before the LLIN distribution, that increased significantly in the two wet season collections following the LLIN distribution. Higher kdr frequencies were repeatedly noticed within host-seeking females compared to resting ones in indoor collections. In addition, preliminary results in M form urban populations from Niamey showed far higher kdr frequencies than in all of the rural sites studied. DISCUSSION: This study describes the first case of kdr mutation in Anopheles gambiae populations from Niger. It is suspected that the LLIN have caused the important temporal increase of kdr-w mutation observed during this study. While the kdr mutation is still found at a low level, this rapid increase could potentially lead to high kdr frequencies within a few years. CONCLUSION: These results are of prime importance in the effort to document multiple effects of operational control programmes on mosquito vectors, and to conceive sustainable control strategies for future malaria control programmes.

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Crossref · 10.1186/1475-2875-7-189

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Figures

Figure 1 Map of the study area and collection sites.
Figure 1 Map of the study area and collection sites.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 kdr-w allelic frequency in An. gambiae M forms by year and method of collection. Averaged kdr frequency over all rural sites (13 villages in 2005 and 2006, 6 villages in 2007). ILC: Indoor Landing Collections. IRC: Indoor Resting Collections
Figure 2 kdr-w allelic frequency in An. gambiae M forms by year and method of collection. Averaged kdr frequency over all rural sites (13 villages in 2005 and 2006, 6 villages in 2007). ILC: Indoor Landing Collections. IRC: Indoor Resting CollectionsCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 View of the Gountou Yena stream. Picture taken in Niamey during early wet season (june 2008), showing the small stream surrounded by small-scale gardening areas (top-left) where kdr frequency within An. gambiae M form larvae was particularly high
Figure 3 View of the Gountou Yena stream. Picture taken in Niamey during early wet season (june 2008), showing the small stream surrounded by small-scale gardening areas (top-left) where kdr frequency within An. gambiae M form larvae was particularly highCC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Czeher, C., Labbo, R., Arzika, I., & Duchemin, J.-B.
Affiliations
Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire (NE)
Corresponding author
Czeher, Cyrille
Venue
Malaria Journal
Published
2008-09-25
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
189-189
ISSN
1475-2875 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2051157460
Cited by
134
References
64
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 15
FWCI
6.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Malaria Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
  • World Health Organization
  • European Commission
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
Keywords
kdr mutation, KDR, Anopheles gambiae s.l., Anopheles arabiensis, long-lasting insecticidal nets, insecticide resistance, malaria vector control, Niger, resistance trends, urban mosquito populations
MeSH terms
Alleles, Animals, Anopheles, Humans, Insecticide Resistance, Insecticides, Malaria, Mosquito Control, Niger, Protective Devices, Mutation, Missense, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

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