Associations between BMI and home, school and route environmental exposures estimated using GPS and GIS: do we see evidence of selective daily mobility bias in children?
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: This study examined whether objective measures of food, physical activity and built environment exposures, in home and non-home settings, contribute to children's body weight. Further, comparing GPS and GIS measures of environmental exposures along routes to and from school, we tested for evidence of selective daily mobility bias when using GPS data. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional analysis, using objective assessments of body weight in relation to multiple environmental exposures. Data presented are from a sample of 94 school-aged children, aged 5-11 years. Children's heights and weights were measured by trained researchers, and used to calculate BMI z-scores. Participants wore a GPS device for one full week. Environmental exposures were estimated within home and school neighbourhoods, and along GIS (modelled) and GPS (actual) routes from home to school. We directly compared associations between BMI and GIS-modelled versus GPS-derived environmental exposures. The study was conducted in Mebane and Mount Airy, North Carolina, USA, in 2011. RESULTS: In adjusted regression models, greater school walkability was associated with significantly lower mean BMI. Greater home walkability was associated with increased BMI, as was greater school access to green space. Adjusted associations between BMI and route exposure characteristics were null. The use of GPS-actual route exposures did not appear to confound associations between environmental exposures and BMI in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: This study found few associations between environmental exposures in home, school and commuting domains and body weight in children. However, walkability of the school neighbourhood may be important. Of the other significant associations observed, some were in unexpected directions. Importantly, we found no evidence of selective daily mobility bias in this sample, although our study design is in need of replication in a free-living adult sample.
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Greater school walkability was associated with significantly lower mean BMI.
“Burgoine et al. [123] tracked school children for a week with GPS devices and found that greater school walkability was associated with significantly lower mean BMI.”
From Human-centred artificial intelligence for mobile health sensing: challenges and opportunities (2023) · cites this paper as [123]
Greater home walkability was associated with increased BMI, as was greater school access to green space.
“Greater home walkability was associated with increased BMI, as was greater school access to green space.”
From Human-centred artificial intelligence for mobile health sensing: challenges and opportunities (2023) · cites this paper as [123]
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Human-centred artificial intelligence for mobile health sensing: challenges and opportunities
Dang, T., Spathis, D., Ghosh, A., & Mascolo, C. (2023) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.230806 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Burgoine, T., Jones, A. P., Namenek Brouwer, R. J., & Benjamin Neelon, S. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Burgoine, Thomas
- Venue
- International Journal of Health Geographics
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8
- ISSN
- 1476-072X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4429367
- OpenAlex
- W2166203861
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 9.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Journal of Health Geographics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (acceptedVersion, public-domain)
- DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Wellcome Trust
- United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- British Heart Foundation
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research
- Medical Research Council (MR/K023187/1)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G007462/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Keywords
- childhood obesity, body mass index, built environment, green space access, GIS-based modeling, children's mobility, food environment, physical activity environment
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environment, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, North Carolina, Students, Body Mass Index, Geographic Information Systems
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