The DOI matches its Crossref record; 81 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Construction and validation of a measure of integrative well-being in seven languages: The Pemberton Happiness Index
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: We introduce the Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI), a new integrative measure of well-being in seven languages, detailing the validation process and presenting psychometric data. The scale includes eleven items related to different domains of remembered well-being (general, hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well-being) and ten items related to experienced well-being (i.e., positive and negative emotional events that possibly happened the day before); the sum of these items produces a combined well-being index. METHODS: A distinctive characteristic of this study is that to construct the scale, an initial pool of items, covering the remembered and experienced well-being domains, were subjected to a complete selection and validation process. These items were based on widely used scales (e.g., PANAS, Satisfaction With Life Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale, and Psychological Well-Being Scales). Both the initial items and reference scales were translated into seven languages and completed via Internet by participants (N = 4,052) aged 16 to 60 years from nine countries (Germany, India, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, and USA). RESULTS: Results from this initial validation study provided very good support for the psychometric properties of the PHI (i.e., internal consistency, a single-factor structure, and convergent and incremental validity). CONCLUSIONS: Given the PHI's good psychometric properties, this simple and integrative index could be used as an instrument to monitor changes in well-being. We discuss the utility of this integrative index to explore well-being in individuals and communities.
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“The reliability of this scale is quite satisfactory (alpha = 0.89) [75].”
From Protocol for a randomized controlled dismantling study of an internet-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Exploring the contribution of behavioral activation and positive psychotherapy strategies (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
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Cites
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 · Cited by 32,433 · cited 2×
“These items were based on widely used scales (e.g., PANAS, Satisfaction With Life Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale, and Psychological Well-Being Scales).”
MethodThe satisfaction with life scale
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 · Cited by 31,768 · cited 4×
“Relevant measures include the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS; [33]), Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS; [34]), Flourishing Scale (FS; [35]), the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF; [36]), and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS; [37]).”
MethodInfluentialThe need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.117.3.497 · Cited by 23,245 · cited 1×
“From attachment processes to later social bonds, social needs seem to be relevant across most developmental stages, and the depth of the social roots of human functioning and well-being is widely recognized (see [22]).”
BackgroundHappiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.
Ryff, C. D. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069 · Cited by 14,847 · cited 4×
“We used Ryff ’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB; [13]) to validate the items measuring eudaimonic wellbeing.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSubjective well-being: Three decades of progress.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276 · Cited by 12,910 · cited 1×
“Most existing measures only cover one well-being domain, even though well-being is a conceptually complex construct [8-11].”
BackgroundOn Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141 · Cited by 11,567 · cited 2×
“Hedonic wellbeing underscores the importance of life satisfaction and affective components, whereas eudaimonic well-being is focused on optimal psychological functioning, which depends on self-fulfillment and includes the concepts of personal growth, purpose in life, and a sense of autonomy among others [9,13].”
BackgroundThe structure of psychological well-being revisited.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.719 · Cited by 10,285 · cited 4×
“Note that in some contexts, psychological well-being is used to name one of the modern eudaimonic theories formulated by Ryff [10].”
BackgroundInfluentialA very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. (2003) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/s0092-6566(03)00046-1 · Cited by 8,307 · cited 1×
“Although using a single-item scale implies diminished psychometric properties, it has been noted that this allows for an efficient assessment when needed [58].”
MethodWell-being : the foundations of hedonic psychology
Kahneman, D. J., Diener, E. F., & Schwarz, N. (1999) · Cited by 7,472
The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803 · Cited by 7,143 · cited 2×
“To evaluate the incremental validity of the PHI for the whole sample compared to other widely used well-being scales, we conducted a series of separate regression analyses, employing sleep quality and perceived health as criteria because they are often considered adequate proxies of well-being [20,57].”
BackgroundMethod
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- Cummins RA Personal Wellbeing Index – Adult. 4th Edition. The International Wellbeing Group 2006 Melbourne: Australian Centre on Quality of Life, Deakin University
- Nunnally J Bernstein I Psychometric Theory 1994 3 New York: McGraw Hill
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions to improve mental wellbeing
van Agteren, J., Iasiello, M., Lo, L., Bartholomaeus, J., Kopsaftis, Z., Carey, M., & Kyrios, M. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01093-w · Cited by 510
Measuring Well-Being: A Review of Instruments
Cooke, P. J., Melchert, T. P., & Connor, K. (2016) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000016633507 · Cited by 468
Chaves, C., Lopez-Gomez, I., Hervas, G., & Vazquez, C. (2017) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9778-9 · Cited by 196
“For example, it seems that natural and induced sad moods are associated with decreased sensitivity to reward but not decreased sensitivity to punishment (Hervas & Vázquez 2013a).”
BackgroundMethodLisko, I., Kulmala, J., Annetorp, M., Ngandu, T., Mangialasche, F., & Kivipelto, M. (2020) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13227 · Cited by 190
Koydemir, S., Sökmez, A. B., & Schütz, A. (2021) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-019-09788-z · Cited by 190
Metadata
- Authors
- Hervás, G., & Vázquez, C.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Hervás, Gonzalo
- Venue
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 66
- ISSN
- 1477-7525 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3637073
- OpenAlex
- W2150838967
- Cited by
- 274
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 17.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- well-being measurement, hedonic well-being, eudaimonic well-being, social well-being, experienced well-being, cross-cultural translation, scale validation, positive and negative emotions
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Happiness, Health Status, Humans, Language, Male, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Psychological Theory, Psychometrics, Socioeconomic Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Chi-Square Distribution, Internationality
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