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Construction and validation of a measure of integrative well-being in seven languages: The Pemberton Happiness Index
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: We introduce the Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI), a new integrative measure of well-being in seven languages, detailing the validation process and presenting psychometric data. The scale includes eleven items related to different domains of remembered well-being (general, hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well-being) and ten items related to experienced well-being (i.e., positive and negative emotional events that possibly happened the day before); the sum of these items produces a combined well-being index. METHODS: A distinctive characteristic of this study is that to construct the scale, an initial pool of items, covering the remembered and experienced well-being domains, were subjected to a complete selection and validation process. These items were based on widely used scales (e.g., PANAS, Satisfaction With Life Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale, and Psychological Well-Being Scales). Both the initial items and reference scales were translated into seven languages and completed via Internet by participants (N = 4,052) aged 16 to 60 years from nine countries (Germany, India, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, and USA). RESULTS: Results from this initial validation study provided very good support for the psychometric properties of the PHI (i.e., internal consistency, a single-factor structure, and convergent and incremental validity). CONCLUSIONS: Given the PHI's good psychometric properties, this simple and integrative index could be used as an instrument to monitor changes in well-being. We discuss the utility of this integrative index to explore well-being in individuals and communities.
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“The reliability of this scale is quite satisfactory (alpha = 0.89) [75].”
From Protocol for a randomized controlled dismantling study of an internet-based intervention for depressive symptoms: Exploring the contribution of behavioral activation and positive psychotherapy strategies (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
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Citations
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“To evaluate the incremental validity of the PHI for the whole sample compared to other widely used well-being scales, we conducted a series of separate regression analyses, employing sleep quality and perceived health as criteria because they are often considered adequate proxies of well-being [20,57].”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions to improve mental wellbeing
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Measuring Well-Being: A Review of Instruments
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“For example, it seems that natural and induced sad moods are associated with decreased sensitivity to reward but not decreased sensitivity to punishment (Hervas & Vázquez 2013a).”
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“In this case, wellbeing was assessed through the Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI, Hervás & Vázquez, 2013), an integrat ive measure of well-being that includes items related to different domains of remembered wellbeing (general, hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well-being) and experienced well-being…”
MethodCampos, D., Cebolla, A., Quero, S., Bretón-López, J. M., Botella, C., Soler, J., García‐Campayo, J., Demarzo, M., & Baños, R. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.040 · Cited by 145
“…cite this article as: Campos, D., et al., Meditation and happiness: Min relationship, Personality and Individual Differences (2015), http://dx.doi.or assessment approaches (i.e., remembered and experienced well-being) (Hervás & Vázquez, 2013) provides an improvement in this field of knowledge.”
BackgroundMethodIvtzan, I., Young, T., Martman, J., Jeffrey, A., Lomas, T., Hart, R., & Eiroá‐Orosa, F. J. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0581-1 · Cited by 146
“The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI) (Hervás and Vázquez 2013) is a 21-item scale that measures eudaimonic and hedonic well-being.”
BackgroundMethodBrandel, M., Vescovelli, F., & Ruini, C. (2017) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2104 · Cited by 117
Development and Validation of a Social Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students (SCQ-AS)
Paiva, P. C. P., de Paiva, H. N., Filho, P. M. D. O., Lamounier, J. A., Ferreira, E. F. E., Ferreira, R. C., Kawachi, I. I., & Zarzar, P. M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103785 · Cited by 90
Integrating Land Use, Ecosystem Service, and Human Well-Being: A Systematic Review
Liu, M., Wei, H., Dong, X., Wang, X., Zhao, B., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14116926 · Cited by 84
“…[117] The scale of positive and negative experiences [118] Quality of life scale [119] Personal well-being index [120] Pemberton happiness index [121] Happy planet index [122] The combination of subjective and objective well-being Human well-being index system [123] It is a comprehensive…”
Barrett, B. P., Grabow, M., Middlecamp, C., Mooney, M., Checovich, M. M., Converse, A. K., Gillespie, B., & Yates, J. (2016) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su8101040 · Cited by 82
“Outcome Research Tool & Measurement Knowledge of energy use, carbon footprint and climate change College introductory level test (% correct at baseline and again after MCA trainings) Carbon footprint from household utilities Consumption of gas (therms), electricity (kilowatt-hours), and water (gallons) over a 12-month…”
MethodPizarro, J. J., Basabe, N., Fernández, I., Carrera, P., Apodaca, P., Ging, C. I. M., Cusi, O., & Páez, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.709859 · Cited by 87
A scoping review of well-being measures: conceptualisation and scales for overall well-being
Zhang, W., Balloo, K., Hosein, A., & Medland, E. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-02074-0 · Cited by 108
“The Hedonic dimension was described as enjoyment and feelings of positive emotion along with the satisfaction of life [8, 39, 87].”
BackgroundValiente, C., Contreras, A., Peinado, V., Trucharte, A., Martínez, A. P., & Vázquez, C. (2021) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2021.7 · Cited by 67
“…the reported numbers of depression and anxiety, the results showed that the average remembered well-being score in our sample, as measured with the PHI, was even slightly higher than the average found in the scale validation study in a general population sample (N = 990) (Hervás & Vázquez, 2013).”
MethodResultSelf-citationFabio, A. D. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00395 · Cited by 66
Roca, P., Vazquez, C., Diez, G., Brito-Pons, G., & McNally, R. J. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.070 · Cited by 63
Self-citationThree-item loneliness scale: psychometric properties and normative data of the Spanish version
Trucharte, A., Calderón, L., Cerezo, E., Contreras, A., Peinado, V., & Valiente, C. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02110-x · Cited by 63
“(PHI; Hervás & Vázquez, 2013) was used as a measure of positive mental health.”
MethodReyes‐Molina, D., Cabrera, J. A., Nazar, G., Parra-Rizo, M. A., Zapata‐Lamana, R., Sanhueza-Campos, C., & Cigarroa, I. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19042107 · Cited by 62
“69 [61], having previously been used in Chile and presenting an internal consistency of α = 0.”
MethodThe protective effects of wellbeing and flourishing on long-term mental health risk
Burns, R. A., Windsor, T. D., Butterworth, P., & Anstey, K. J. (2021) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100052 · Cited by 63
Meng, R., Luo, Y., Liu, B., Hu, Y. Y., & Yu, C. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144414 · Cited by 45
“The nurses’ happiness index measures how happy nurses are with providing care; nurses with higher happiness index values have greater professional initiative [9, 10].”
BackgroundDeterminants of happiness among healthcare professionals between 2009 and 2019: a systematic review
Muthuri, R. N. D. K., Senkubuge, F., & Hongoro, C. (2020) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-020-00592-x · Cited by 58
“Like the cross-sectional studies, the intervention studies all used self-report measures to assess happiness, namely, the Happiness Measure Questionnaire, the OHQ, the PHI and the SHS.”
MethodThe influence of normative and subjective oral health status on schoolchildren’s happiness
Tuchtenhagen, S., Bresolin, C. R., Tomazoni, F., da Rosa, G. N., Fabro, J. P. D., Mendes, F. M., Antunes, J. L. F., & Ardenghi, T. M. (2015) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/1472-6831-15-15 · Cited by 43
“Besides, studies from other languages have addressed happiness in adolescents from different age groups with the SHS [42-46], and the results support that the SHS has good psychometric properties, high internal consistency, stability over time and across samples.”
ResultMindfulness and Climate Change Action: A Feasibility Study
Grabow, M., Bryan, T. W., Checovich, M. M., Converse, A. K., Middlecamp, C., Mooney, M., Torres, E. R., Younkin, S. G., & Barrett, B. P. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10051508 · Cited by 44
“The PHI is a validated, integrative measure of wellbeing, which is scored by summing eleven items in the domain of remembered well-being and ten items related to experienced well-being with a higher score assuming greater happiness [47].”
BackgroundSpotlight on eudaimonia and depression. A systematic review of the literature over the past 5 years
Ruini, C., & Cesetti, G. (2019) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s178255 · Cited by 43
Compassion and self-compassion: Construct and measurement
Elices, M., Carmona, C., Pascual, J. C., Feliu-Soler, A., Martin-Blanco, A., & Soler, J. (2017) · Mindfulness & Compassion · doi:10.1016/j.mincom.2016.11.003 · Cited by 42
Valiente, C., Vázquez, C., Contreras, A., Peinado, V., & Trucharte, A. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2020.1871555 · Cited by 46
“The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI; Hervás & Vazquez, 2013) is an integrative measure of wellbeing, including 11 items related to general hedonic, eudaimonic and social well-being on a scale that provides an overall well-being score.”
BackgroundSelf-citationMuro, A., Feliu-Soler, A., Castellà, J., Deví, J., & Soler, J. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0644-3 · Cited by 41
Does mindfulness change the mind? A novel psychonectome perspective based on Network Analysis
Roca, P., Diez, G. G., Castellanos, N., & Vazquez, C. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219793 · Cited by 37
Lopez‐Gomez, I., Chaves, C., Hervas, G., & Vazquez, C. (2017) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2129 · Cited by 39
“Thus, optimism (Life Orientation Test-Revised, LOT-R; Scheier et al. 1994; Ferrando et al. 2002; α = .62), psychological well-being (29-item version of the Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales, PWBS; Diaz et al. 2006; α = .84), life satisfaction (Satisfaction With Life Scale, SWLS; Diener et al. 1985; Vazquez, Duque…”
MethodSelf-citationRojas, B., Catalan, E., Diez, G., & Roca, P. (2023) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287388 · Cited by 38
“85 General well-being Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI) [42], 11-item.”
BackgroundImplicit and explicit assessment of materialism: Associations with happiness and depression
Velázquez, J. A. M., Gómez‐Baya, D., & de Prado, M. L. C. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.033 · Cited by 38
Strelhow, M. R., Sarriera, J., & Casas, F. (2020) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-019-09708-5 · Cited by 40
Gili, M., Castro, A., García‐Palacios, A., García‐Campayo, J., Mayoral, F., Botella, C., Roca, M., Barceló‐Soler, A., Hurtado, M. M., Navarro, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/15845 · Cited by 36
“6 | e15845 | p. 12https://www.jmir.org/2020/6/e15845 (page number not for citation purposes) XSL•FO RenderX Time 4 (12 months)Time 3 (6 months)Time 1 (pretreatment)Secondary outcomes .20.14.84P value 0.43 (–0.23 to 1.1)0.57 (–0.19 to 1.34)–0.07 (–0.78 to 0.64)β (95% CI) HLP vs PAPP –0.08–0.20.06g .65.28.77P value 0.15…”
MethodInfluentialThe Relationship between Brand Attachment and Consumers' Emotional Well-Being
Aureliano-Silva, L., Strehlau, S., & Strehlau, V. I. (2018) · Journal of Relationship Marketing · doi:10.1080/15332667.2017.1391058 · Cited by 36
Vázquez, C., Blanco, I., Sánchez-López, Á., & McNally, R. J. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1150-9 · Cited by 39
“The Pemberton Happiness Index - PHI [80] is an 11-item self-report scale of hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well-being.”
Self-citationBlanco, I., Contreras, A., Chaves, C., López‐Gómez, I., Hervás, G., & Vázquez, C. (2020) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2020.1789696 · Cited by 35
Self-citationEscala de Bienestar Subjetivo (EBS-20 y EBS-8): Construcción y Validación
Calleja, N., & Mason, T. A. (2020) · Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación - e Avaliação Psicológica · doi:10.21865/ridep55.2.14 · Cited by 56
Iasiello, M. P., van Agteren, J. E., Ali, K., Fassnacht, D. B., Kyrios, M., Kashdan, T. B., & Kolovos, E. (2024) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v14i2.3621 · Cited by 44
Hirshberg, M. J., Colaianne, B. A., Greenberg, M. T., Inkelas, K. K., Davidson, R. J., Germano, D., Dunne, J. D., & Roeser, R. W. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01952-1 · Cited by 41
Well-being and associated factors among adults in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt)
Harsha, N., Ziq, L., Ghandour, R., & Giacaman, R. (2016) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-016-0519-2 · Cited by 32
“The cognitive element is related to evaluation and judgment of people of their own lives including aspects such as work satisfaction, and life satisfaction; that is, specifically chosen criteria assessing the quality of life of persons [3].”
BackgroundPizarro, J. J., Basabe, N., Amutio, A., Telletxea, S., Harizmendi, M., & Gordon, W. V. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01200-z · Cited by 39
Lecuona, O. Z., García‐Rubio, C., de Rivas, S., Moreno‐Jiménez, J. E., & Rodríguez‐Carvajal, R. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01939-y · Cited by 40
“This instrument aims to measure composite psychological well-being with 11 self-reported items and a Likert response format from 0 (totally disagree) to 10 (totally agree) (Hervás & Vázquez, 2013).”
BackgroundChaves, C., Ballesteros-Valdés, R., Madridejos, E., & Charles‐Leija, H. (2023) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-022-10132-1 · Cited by 52
“Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI; Hervás & Vázquez, 2013).”
BackgroundDevelopment and validation of the openness to the future scale: a prospective protective factor
Botella, C., Molinari, G., Fernández‐Álvarez, J., Guillén, V., García‐Palacios, A., Baños, R., & Tomás, J. M. (2018) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-018-0889-8 · Cited by 33
“Nevertheless, this process was conducted based on a thorough search of the scientific literature and using a method similar to that of other studies designed to develop and validate similar instruments [79, 80].”
MethodMeasuring Happiness in Adolescent Samples: A Systematic Review
Lukoševičiūtė, J., Argustaitė-Zailskienė, G., & Šmigelskas, K. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9020227 · Cited by 36
“We found several studies in which the authors claimed they had measured and reported happiness while, in fact, they had assessed another, usually larger, aspect of subjective well-being [22,46].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEnrique, Á., Mooney, O., Salamanca-Sanabria, A., Lee, C. T., Farrell, S., & Richards, D. (2020) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/20167 · Cited by 29
“The PHI has demonstrated good convergent and incremental validity and strong internal consistency ( α >.89) [52].”
Positive interventions in seriously-ill children: Effects on well-being after granting a wish
Chaves, C., Vázquez, C., & Hervás, G. (2015) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105314567768 · Cited by 29
Self-citationMorris, A. S., Murphy, R., Shepherd, S. O., Healy, G. N., Edwardson, C. L., & Graves, L. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6615-6 · Cited by 26
“In addition, agents self-reported presenteeism using the Work Limitations Questionnaire [45], absenteeism using the Health and Work Questionnaire [46], job satisfaction using a general job satisfaction tool [47], musculoskeletal symptoms during the last 7-days, three and twelve months, across nine symptom sites, using…”
MethodThe Impact of Compassion Meditation Training on Psychological Variables: a Network Perspective
Roca, P., Díez, G. G., McNally, R. J., & Vázquez, C. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01552-x · Cited by 33
Self-citationVelázquez, J. A. M., Gómez‐Baya, D., & Delmar, J. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.566517 · Cited by 30
“Moreover, participants were evaluated for hedonic, eudaimonic, social, and experienced happiness by using the Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI).”
MethodInfluentialChaves, C. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64537-3_11 · Cited by 37
Bekalu, M. A., McCloud, R. F., Minsky, S. J., & Viswanath, K. (2020) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22469 · Cited by 25
Tang, Q., He, X., Zhang, L., Liu, X., Tao, Y., & Liu, G. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13080641 · Cited by 26
Sulkowski, A. J., & White, D. S. (2015) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-015-9689-z · Cited by 24
“There is a rich literature dissecting, defining, and discussing methodologies for measuring happiness (Hervás and Vázquez, 2013).”
BackgroundThe Integrative Positive Psychological Intervention for Depression (IPPI-D)
Chaves, C., López‐Gómez, I., Hervás, G., & Vázquez, C. (2019) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10879-018-9412-0 · Cited by 28
Self-citationReligiosity and Meditation Practice: Exploring Their Explanatory Power on Psychological Adjustment
Montero‐Marín, J., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Cebolla, A., Soler, J., Demarzo, M., & García‐Campayo, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00630 · Cited by 29
“, 2015), and a central aspect of happiness when considering it as remembered well-being (Hervas and Vázquez, 2013).”
BackgroundMethodAssociation between work–family conflict and overall well‐being among Chinese nurse leaders
Yu, J., Song, H., Shi, H., & Wang, K. (2020) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.13084 · Cited by 24
Contreras, A., Valiente, C., Vázquez, C., Trucharte, A., Peinado, V., Varese, F., & Bentall, R. P. (2022) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2022.06.005 · Cited by 24
“SD = Standard Deviation; SCID-II = Structured Clinical Interview for DSMIV Axis II Disorders; PSQ = Psychosis Screening Questionnaire; PHQ-9 = The Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7 = The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; TLS = Three-item Loneliness Scale; PHI = Pemberton Happiness Index.”
Self-citationFrancisco, S. D., Torres, C., Andrés, S. D., Millet, A., Ricart, M. T., Martínez-Esparza, E. H., Porcel, M. A., & Trujols, J. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16214194 · Cited by 24
“92) and satisfactory convergent validity in a sample of Spanish adults [12].”
BackgroundWade, J. B., Hayes, R. B., Wade, J. H., Bekenstein, J. W., Williams, K. D., & Bajaj, J. S. (2018) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics3030035 · Cited by 25
“, SWLS = Satisfaction with Life Scale, SHS = Subjective Happiness Scale, PANAS = Positive and Negative Affect Schedules, SPWB = Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being, and the SWDL = Satisfaction With Domains of Life) assessing aspects of well-being [47].”
BackgroundEnrique, Á., Mooney, O., Salamanca-Sanabria, A., Lee, C. T., Farrell, S., & Richards, D. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100254 · Cited by 23
“Primary outcomes measures will include the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI).”
Paiva, B. S. R., de Camargos, M. G., Demarzo, M., Hervás, G., Vázquez, C., & Paiva, C. E. (2016) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000004915 · Cited by 22
Self-citationde Camargos, M. G., Paiva, B. S. R., de Oliveira, M. A., Ferreira, P. D. S., de Almeida, V. T. N., Cadamuro, S. D. A., de Almeida, C. S. L., & Paiva, C. E. (2020) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-020-00594-1 · Cited by 22
“The sum of the items produces a combined well-being index (total PHI) [22].”
BackgroundRetos de la investigación psicológica en salud mental
Tortella‐Feliu, M., Baños, R., Barrantes‐Vidal, N., Botella, C., Fernández‐Aranda, F., García‐Campayo, J., García‐Palacios, A., Hervás, G., Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., Montorio, I., et al. (2016) · Clínica y Salud · doi:10.1016/j.clysa.2016.02.001 · Cited by 22
Self-citationPositive Psychological Well-Being at Work: The Role of Eudaimonia
der Kinderen, S., & Khapova, S. N. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02470-3_79-1 · Cited by 29
Subjective Happiness Among Polish and Hadza People
Frąckowiak, T., Oleszkiewicz, A., Butovskaya, M., Groyecka-Bernard, A., Karwowski, M., Kowal, M., & Sorokowski, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01173 · Cited by 22
Gardening for Food Well-Being in the COVID-19 Era
Giraud, E. G., El-Sayed, S., & Opejin, A. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13179687 · Cited by 22
Vázquez, C., & Hervás, G. (2012) · Cross-cultural advancements in positive psychology · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4611-4_3 · Cited by 21
Self-citationAlcaraz‐Ibáñez, M., Sicilia, Á., & Burgueño, R. (2017) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2017.13 · Cited by 20
“…health, and including tools that tap specific psychopathological processes (e.g., anxiety or depression) and elements of the hedonic (i.e., happiness and emotional well-being) and eudaimonic (i.e., psychological and social well-being) perspectives on positive mental health (Hervás & Vázquez, 2013).”
BackgroundLopez-Montoyo, A., Quero, S., Montero-Marin, J., Barcelo-Soler, A., Beltran, M., Campos, D., & Garcia-Campayo, J. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2298-x · Cited by 19
Tortella‐Feliu, M., Luís-Reig, J., Gea, J., Cebolla, A., & Soler, J. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01471-x · Cited by 19
“Psychological Well-being We used the Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI; Hervás and Vázquez 2013), a brief measure of well-being simultaneously validated in seven languages (including the Spanish version used here).”
MethodOta, A., Li, Y., Yatsuya, H., Tanno, K., Sakata, K., Yamagishi, K., Iso, H., Yasuda, N., Saito, I., Kato, T., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-020-00984-7 · Cited by 19
The Hedonic and Arousal Affect Scale (HAAS): A brief adjective checklist to assess affect states
Roca, P., Vázquez, C., & Ondé, D. (2023) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2023.112151 · Cited by 19
Self-citationWell-Being Orang Tua, Pengasuhan Otoritatif, dan Perilaku Bermasalah pada Remaja
Sumargi, A. M., & Kristi, A. N. (2017) · Jurnal Psikologi · doi:10.22146/jpsi.25381 · Cited by 18
Castro, A., García‐Palacios, A., García‐Campayo, J., Mayoral, F., Botella, C., García‐Herrera, J. M., Pérez‐Yus, M., Vives, M., Baños, R., Roca, M., et al. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0475-0 · Cited by 20
“Abbreviations ICTs: Information and communication technologies; ITAU: Improved primary care usual treatment; CBT: Cognitive behavior therapy; CCBT: Computerized cognitive behavior therapy; MBCT: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy; iPT: Internet-delivered psychotherapy; GP: General practitioners; PHQ: Patient health q…”
MethodDeng, W., Carpentier, S. T., Blackwood, J., & de Winckel, A. V. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01058-w · Cited by 19
Burns, R. A. (2019) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-019-00077-y · Cited by 16
Integrative Well-Being Leads Our Attentional System: An Eye-Tracking Study
Blanco, I., & Vázquez, C. (2020) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-020-00251-7 · Cited by 17
Self-citationda Costa, S., Martínez‐Moreno, E., Gorriti, V. D., Hermosilla, D., Amutio, A., Padoan, S., Méndez, D., Etchebehere, G., Torres, A., Telletxea, S., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.604412 · Cited by 23
“For its part, social well-being (SWB) refers to the extent to which one’s surroundings provide for a full life or facilitate realization of the most valuable human potential (Ryan et al., 2008; Mackenzie et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialReyes‐Molina, D., Nazar, G., Cigarroa, I., Zapata‐Lamana, R., Aguilar-Farías, N., Parra-Rizo, M. A., & Albornoz-Guerrero, J. (2022) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082022000100023 · Cited by 29
Roca, P., Vázquez, C., Díez, G. G., & McNally, R. J. (2023) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101895 · Cited by 18
Self-citationZabala, J., Conejero, S., Pascual, A., Alonso‐Arbiol, I., Amutio, A., Torres-Gomez, B., Padoan, S., & Telletxea, S. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606316 · Cited by 18
“Personal Well-Being The Pemperton Happiness Index (Hervás and Vázquez, 2013) was used to assess two dimensions of well-being: General wellbeing and Eudaimonic well-being.”
MethodNieto, I., & Vázquez, C. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102459 · Cited by 14
Self-citationReligiosity and happiness of Turkish speaking Muslims: does country happiness make a difference?
Esat, G., Day, S. X., & Smith, B. H. (2021) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2021.1926444 · Cited by 15
“Scale developers reported that the overall measure has sufficient convergent validity with other measures of well-being and good incremental validity in predicting sleep quality and health (Hervás & Vázquez, 2013).”
BackgroundMethodBienestar Docente durante la Pandemia COVID-19: La Comparación entre Ecuador y Chile.
López-Orellana, C. T., Varela, J. J., Guzmán, P., Piedra‐Martínez, E., Freire-Pesántez, A. I., Baculima-Bacuilima, J. L., & Cordero-Cobos, L. (2021) · Revista de Sociología de la Educación-RASE · doi:10.7203/rase.14.3.21472 · Cited by 18
The hierarchical framework of wellbeing (HiFWB)
Disabato, D. J., Goodman, F. R., & Kashdan, T. B. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1515423 · Cited by 14
Burns, R. A., Crisp, D. A., Chng, J., & Murray, K. (2022) · Applied Research in Quality of Life · doi:10.1007/s11482-022-10075-7 · Cited by 22
“…by which indicators are grouped into hedonic, eudaimonic and social factors (Burns & Machin, 2009; Compton et al., 1996; Gallagher et al., 2009; Hervás & Vázquez, 2013; Huppert et al., 2009; Keyes, 1998; Linley et al., 2009), although there is a growing body of evidence to suggest that…”
BackgroundCampos, D., Navarro‐Gil, M., Herrera‐Mercadal, P., Martínez‐García, L., Cebolla, A., Borao, L., del Hoyo, Y. L., Castilla, D., del Río, E., García‐Campayo, J., et al. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/16717 · Cited by 14
“The primary outcome is well-being, which will be assessed using the Pemberton Happiness Index [42].”
Salfate, S. V. (2018) · International Journal of Social Psychology Revista de Psicología Social · doi:10.1080/02134748.2018.1537650 · Cited by 14
Research on Spatial Differences and Driving Effects of Ecological Well-Being Performance in China
Wang, S., Duan, L., & Jiang, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19159310 · Cited by 14
“Subjective well-being assessment indicators focus on individuals’ perceptions and feelings about the surrounding social environment [31], and commonly used factors include life satisfaction [32] and the happiness index [33].”
BackgroundMoyano‐Díaz, E., Mendoza-Llanos, R., & Páez, D. (2020) · Revista de Psicología · doi:10.18800/psico.202101.007 · Cited by 13
Gil-Flórez, A., Llorens, S., Acosta, H., & Salanova, M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19053103 · Cited by 15
“Happiness was evaluated using the Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI), validated in Spanish by Hervás and Vázquez [60].”
MethodCvikl, D., Avguštin, C., & Kreft, S. (2022) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f13101670 · Cited by 13
Effects of the Health Promotion Programs on Happiness
Lee, M., & Yoon, K.-C. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12020528 · Cited by 13
“In addition, the scale utilized by Hervás and Vázquez [21], Kaczmarek, Bujacz, and Eid [22], and others was used to measure the relationship between individuals’ life satisfaction, psychological and social environments, and happiness (Table 1).”
MethodZabala, J., Conejero, S., Pascual, A., Zumeta, L. N., Pizarro, J. J., & Alonso‐Arbiol, I. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1095763 · Cited by 13
Bienestar, afectos y desgaste laboral de los profesores durante la pandemia en Chile
Varela, J. J., Guzmán, P., Oriol, X., Romo, F., & Miranda, R. (2022) · Revista de Psicodidáctica · doi:10.1016/j.psicod.2022.07.002 · Cited by 23
“Mouth Wide Shut”: Strategies of Female Sex Workers for Coping With Intimate Partner Violence
Puente-Martínez, A., Landa, S. U., García-Zabala, M., & Páez, D. (2016) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260516670180 · Cited by 15
“Pemberton Happiness Index (adapted by Hervás & Vázquez, 2013) is a quick measure of general well-being, which refers to the previous year.”
BackgroundSumargi, A. M., & Giovanni, J. (2021) · ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal · doi:10.24123/aipj.v36i1.2788 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Hervás, G., & Vázquez, C.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Hervás, Gonzalo
- Venue
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 66
- ISSN
- 1477-7525 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3637073
- OpenAlex
- W2150838967
- Cited by
- 274
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 17.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- well-being measurement, hedonic well-being, eudaimonic well-being, social well-being, experienced well-being, cross-cultural translation, scale validation, positive and negative emotions
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Happiness, Health Status, Humans, Language, Male, Middle Aged, Personal Satisfaction, Psychological Theory, Psychometrics, Socioeconomic Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Chi-Square Distribution, Internationality
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