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Cited by 412Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifePsychometric Methodologies and TestingMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Correlated physical and mental health summary scores for the SF-36 and SF-12 Health Survey, V.1

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Farivar, Sepideh S, Cunningham, William E, Hays, Ron D·2007·Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
DOI 10.1186/1477-7525-5-54PMC PMC2065865
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The SF-36 and SF-12 summary scores were derived using an uncorrelated (orthogonal) factor solution. We estimate SF-36 and SF-12 summary scores using a correlated (oblique) physical and mental health factor model. METHODS: We administered the SF-36 to 7,093 patients who received medical care from an independent association of 48 physician groups in the western United States. Correlated physical health (PCSc) and mental health (MCSc) scores were constructed by multiplying each SF-36 scale z-score by its respective scoring coefficient from the obliquely rotated two factor solution. PCSc-12 and MCSc-12 scores were estimated using an approach similar to the one used to derive the original SF-12 summary scores. RESULTS: The estimated correlation between SF-36 PCSc and MCSc scores was 0.62. There were far fewer negative factor scoring coefficients for the oblique factor solution compared to the factor scoring coefficients produced by the standard orthogonal factor solution. Similar results were found for PCSc-12, and MCSc-12 summary scores. CONCLUSION: Correlated physical and mental health summary scores for the SF-36 and SF-12 derived from an obliquely rotated factor solution should be used along with the uncorrelated summary scores. The new scoring algorithm can reduce inconsistent results between the SF-36 scale scores and physical and mental health summary scores reported in some prior studies.(Subscripts C = correlated and UC = uncorrelated).

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Figure 1 Conceptual model for the SF-36 health survey. Orthogonal (uncorrelated) model assumes the correlation between physical and mental health constructs is fixed at 0 (Φ = 0). Oblique (correlated) model allows correlation between the physical and mental health constructs. δ denotes error terms (uniqueness terms) associated with each scale. Directional associations exist between the physical and mental health and the 8 scales (as indicated by the arrows); however, the associations vary from large (e.g. physical functioning on physical health) to close to zero (e.g., emotional well-being on physical health).
Figure 1 Conceptual model for the SF-36 health survey. Orthogonal (uncorrelated) model assumes the correlation between physical and mental health constructs is fixed at 0 (Φ = 0). Oblique (correlated) model allows correlation between the physical and mental health constructs. δ denotes error terms (uniqueness terms) associated with each scale. Directional associations exist between the physical and mental health and the 8 scales (as indicated by the arrows); however, the associations vary from large (e.g. physical functioning on physical health) to close to zero (e.g., emotional well-being on physical health).CC BY · PubMed Central

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Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. Ware JE, Kosinski M, Gandek B: SF-36 ® Health Survey: Manual & Interpretation Guide. Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric Incorporated;1993; 2000.
  2. Ware JE, Kosinski M, Turner-Bowker DM, Gandek B: How to Score Version 2 of the SF-12 Health Survey (With a Supplement Documenting Version 1). Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric Incorporated; 2002.
  3. Taft C: Reply to Drs Ware and Kosinski. Qual Life Res 2001, 10: 415–420. 10.1023/A:1012552211996 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Hays RD, Morales LS: The RAND-36 measure of health-related quality of life. Ann Med 2001, 33: 350–357. · DOI · Paper page
  5. Hays RD, Prince-Embury S, Chen H: R-36 HIS: RAND-36 Health Status Inventory. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation; 1998.

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Metadata

Authors
Farivar, S. S., Cunningham, W. E., & Hays, R. D.
Affiliations
  • Amgen (United States) (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • RAND Corporation (US)
Corresponding author
Farivar, Sepideh S
ORCID
Venue
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2007-09-07
Volume
5
Issue
1
Pages
54-54
ISSN
1477-7525 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1477-7525-5-54
PMC
PMC2065865
OpenAlex
W2097456882
Cited by
412
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI
22.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5p20md000148-05)
  • National Institute on Aging (AG20679-01, P01AG020679)
  • National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P20-MD00148-01, P20-MD000148)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Keywords
SF-36, SF-12, health-related quality of life, patient-reported outcomes
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Independent Practice Associations, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Utilization Review, Sickness Impact Profile

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