PROMIS®-29 v2.0 profile physical and mental health summary scores
Open accessAbstract
Purpose The PROMIS-29 v2.0 profile assesses pain intensity using a single 0-10 numeric rating item and seven health domains (physical function, fatigue, pain interference, depressive symptoms, anxiety, ability to participate in social roles and activities, and sleep disturbance) using four items per domain. This paper describes the development of physical and mental health summary scores for the PROMIS-29 v2.0.Method We conducted factor analyses of PROMIS-29 scales on data collected from two internet panels (n = 3000 and 2000).Results Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a physical health factor defined by physical function, pain (interference and intensity), and ability to participate in social roles and activities, and a mental health factor defined primarily by emotional distress (anxiety and depressive symptoms). Reliabilities for these two summary scores were 0.98 (physical health) and 0.97 (mental health). Correlations of the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores with chronic conditions and other health-related quality of life measures were consistent with a priori hypotheses.Conclusions This study develops and provides preliminary evidence supporting the reliability and validity of PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores that can be used in future studies to assess impacts of health care interventions and track changes in health over time. Further evaluation of these and alternative summary measures is recommended.
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- Findingcitation
The PROMIS v2.0 summary health measures are more reliable than the PROMIS global health summary scores: 0.93 and 0.95 versus 0.79 for physical health, and 0.97 and 0.98 versus 0.86 for mental health.
“First, the PROMIS v2.0 summary health measures are more reliable than the PROMIS global health summary scores (0.93 and 0.95 vs 0.79 for physical health and 0.0.97 and 0.98 vs 0.86 for mental health) [24, 36].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [24] Hays, R. D., Bjorner, J., Revicki, D. A., Spritzer, K., & Cella, D. (2009). Development of physical and mental health summary scores from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) global items. Quality of Life Research, 18, 873–880. source
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- cites [36] Hays, R. D., Schalet, B. D., Spritzer, K. L., & Cella, D. (2017). Two-item PROMIS global physical and mental health scales. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 1, 2. source
Not checked in the free run.
- Findingown data
In Sample 1, people with a chronic condition scored significantly worse on the physical health summary score than those without the condition (p < 0.0010).
“Those with a chronic condition scored significantly worse on the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical health summary score than those without the condition (p<0.0010).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
In Sample 1, male gender, number of chronic conditions, and age were significantly negatively associated with both the physical and mental health summary scores.
“Male gender, number of chronic conditions, and age were significantly negatively associated with the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
People whose condition limited current activities, or whose impact on current activities was unknown, scored worse on both physical and mental health summary scores than those without the condition.
“Appendix Table 3 shows that those with a condition that was limiting their current activities, or the impact of current activities was unknown (i.e., question about impact on current activities was not answered) scored worse on the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores than those without the condition.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
In Sample 1, the physical health summary score's correlations with EQ-5D-3L, HUI-3, chronic conditions, gender, and age were similar to or larger than the mental health summary score's correlations, except for the HUI-3 emotion attribute.
“The correlations are either similar in magnitude or higher with the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical health summary score than with the PROMIS-29 v2.0 mental health summary score except for the HUI-3 emotion attribute.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
- Findingown data
In Sample 2, female gender, number of chronic conditions, and age were significantly negatively associated with both the physical and mental health summary scores.
“Female gender, number of chronic conditions, and age were significantly negatively associated with the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Correlations of the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores with chronic conditions and other health-related quality of life measures matched the pre-specified hypotheses.
“Correlations of the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores with chronic conditions and other health-related quality of life measures were consistent with a-priori hypotheses.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
In Sample 1, people with every chronic condition except cancer reported significantly worse mental health summary scores.
“Significantly worse PROMIS-29 v2.0 mental health summary scores were reported by those with all of the chronic conditions except for cancer.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
In Sample 1, the estimated physical and mental health summary scores were about 0.4 SD below the U.S. general population average.
“The estimated PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical health and mental health summary scores were about 0.4 SDs below the U.S. general population average in Sample 1 (Table 4).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationcitation
The PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores have clear advantages over existing summary scores.
“The PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores have clear advantages over existing summary scores.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
This negative weighting produces inconsistent results between SF-36 scale scores and summary scores when responses follow a consistent pattern across the eight SF-36 scales.
“This leads to inconsistent results between SF-36 scale scores and the summary scores when there is a consistent pattern of responses for the 8 SF-36 scale score (i.e., a majority of or all high scores or low scores) [38].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [38] Simon, G. E., Revicki, D. A., Grothaus, L., et al. (1998). SF-36 summary scores: Are physical and mental health truly distinct? Medical Care, 36, 567–572. source
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- Interpretationown data
The PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores can be used in future studies to assess health care intervention impacts and track health changes over time.
“This study develops and provides preliminary evidence supporting the reliability and validity of PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores that can be used in future studies to assess impacts of health care interventions and track changes in health over time.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- May combine two claims. 19
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical health summary score had a reliability of 0.98, and the mental health summary score had a reliability of 0.97.
“Reliabilities for these two summary scores were 0.98 (physical health) and 0.97 (mental health).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe two-factor confirmatory model fit the data well in both samples, with CFI = 0.99 in each and RMSEA = 0.06 in Sample 1 and 0.01 in Sample 2.
“This model fit the data well (Sample 1 and 2, respectively: CFI = 0.99 and 0.99; RMSEA = 0.06 and 0.01, 90% CI 0.05–0.07 and 0.00–0.04)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataIn Sample 1, the PROMIS global physical health score was about 0.5 SD below the general population mean, and the PROMIS global mental health score was about 0.3 SD below.
“Similarly, and consistently, the PROMIS global physical health score was about 0.5 SD below the general population mean while the PROMIS global mental health score was about 0.3 SD below.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
FindingcitationFatigue and sleep disturbance loaded about equally on both the physical and mental health factors, consistent with earlier research.
“Consistent with previous research [19], fatigue and sleep disturbance loaded about equally on both factors (factor loading matrix available upon request).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [19] Hays, R. D., & Stewart, A. L. (1990). The structure of self-reported health in chronic disease patients. Psychological Assessment, 2, 22–30. source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataIn Sample 2, the physical health summary score's correlations with SF-36 scales, component summaries, chronic conditions, gender, and age were similar to or larger than the mental health summary score's correlations, except for SF-36 vitality, SF-36 mental health, SF-36 mental component summary, and age.
“The correlations are either similar in magnitude or higher with the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical health summary score than with the PROMIS-29 v2.0 mental health summary score except for the SF-36 vitality scale, SF-36 mental health scale, the SF-36 mental component summary score, and age.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataIn Sample 2, the SF-36 physical component summary score was 0.4 SD below the U.S. general population mean, and the SF-36 mental component summary score was 0.2 SD below.
“In contrast, the SF-36 physical component summary score was 0.4 SD below the U.S. general population mean while the SF-36 mental component summary score was 0.2 SD below.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataIn Sample 2, the estimated physical health summary score was about 0.1 SD below the U.S. general population average, while the mental health summary score was at the general population average.
“The estimated PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical health summary score was about 0.1 SD below the U.S. general population average while the estimated PROMIS-29 v2.0 mental health score was at the general population average in Sample 2.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe estimated reliability of the PROMIS-29 v2.0 mental health summary score was 0.97 in Sample 1 and 0.98 in Sample 2.
“For the PROMIS-29 v2.0 mental health summary score reliability estimates were 0.97 (Sample 1) and 0.98 (Sample 2).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataIn Sample 2, Guttman's weakest lower bound and a scree plot suggested two dimensions, while Tucker and Lewis's reliability coefficients indicated that more than two underlying dimensions were possible.
“In Sample 2, Guttman’s weakest lower bound (eigenvalues of 4.67, 1.14, 0.61, 0.54, 0.34, 0.29, 0.22, and 0.19) and a scree plot of eigenvalues based on squared multiple correlations as communality estimates (4.28, 0.78, 0.20, 0.07) suggested two dimensions. Tucker and Lewis’s reliability coefficients indicated the possibility of more than two underlying dimensions (0.66 for one factor, 0.87 for”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
FindingcitationThe estimated reliability of the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical health summary score was 0.93 in Sample 1 and 0.95 in Sample 2.
“The estimated reliabilities [33] of the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical health summary scores were 0.93 (Sample 1) and 0.95 (Sample 2).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [33] Mosier, C. I. (1943). On the reliability of a weighted composite. Psychometrika, 8(3), 161–168. source
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May combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical health summary score correlated 0.82 with the SF-36 physical component summary and 0.54 with the SF-36 mental component summary; the PROMIS-29 v2.0 mental health summary score correlated 0.82 with the SF-36 mental component summary and 0.38 with the SF-36 physical component summary.
“Note that the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical health summary score correlated 0.82 with the SF-36 physical component summary score versus 0.54 with the SF-36 mental component summary score, and the PROMIS-29 v2.0 mental health summary score correlated 0.82 with the SF-36 mental component summary score versus 0.38 with the SF-36 physical component summary score.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
“For example, the corresponding PROMIS-29 v2.0 and SF-36 physical and mental health summary scores correlated strongly with one another (r = 0.82 for both in Sample 2).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataIn Sample 1, Guttman's weakest lower bound and a scree plot suggested one factor, while Tucker and Lewis's reliability coefficients supported two underlying dimensions.
“Guttman’s weakest lower bound in sample 1 indicated a single factor (eigenvalues were 5.08, 0.81, 0.64, 0.49, 0.35, 0.23, 0.22, and 0.18). A scree plot of eigenvalues based on squared multiple correlations as communality estimates (4.71, 0.46, 0.09, 0.05) suggested a single dimension, but Tucker and Lewis’s reliability coefficients provided support for two underlying dimensions (0.82 for one fact”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe confirmatory factor models supported two factors: one for physical health, marked by physical function, pain interference, pain intensity, and social role participation ability; and one for mental health, marked mainly by anxiety and depressive symptoms.
“Confirmatory factor analyses provided support for a physical health factor defined by physical function, pain (interference and intensity), and ability to participate in social roles and activities, and a mental health factor defined primarily by emotional distress (anxiety and depressive symptoms).”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“The two-factor rotated solution for the PROMIS-29 scales showed that the first factor (physical health) was represented by pain interference, physical function, pain intensity, and ability to participate in social roles and activities/satisfaction with participation in social roles and the second factor (mental health) was defined by anxiety and depressive symptoms.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Also stated in: § Results · plain
May combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataThe study provides preliminary evidence that the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores are reliable and valid, with high reliability and associations with other measures and chronic conditions that match pre-specified hypotheses.
“This study develops and provides preliminary evidence supporting the reliability and validity of PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores that can be used in future studies to assess impacts of health care interventions and track changes in health over time.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
“This study provides PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical health and mental health summary scores that are extremely reliable and have associations with other health-related quality of life measures and chronic conditions that are congruent with a-priori hypotheses.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Also stated in: § Discussion · boosted
May combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationAllowing the underlying physical and mental health summary scores to be correlated reflects the reality of health and removes the inconsistency between scale scores and summary measures.
“Allowing the underlying physical and mental health summary scores to be correlated reflects the reality of health and eliminates the inconsistency between scale scores and summary measures [17].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [17] Farivar, S. S., Cunningham, W. E., & Hays, R. D. (2007). Correlated physical and mental health summary scores for the SF-36 and SF-12 health survey, V. 1. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5:54. source
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May combine two claims.
PremisecitationMental health scales are negatively weighted on the SF-36 physical health component summary score, and physical health scales receive negative weighting on the SF-36 mental health component summary score.
“This is a critical difference because mental health scales are negatively weighted on the SF-36 physical health component summary score, and physical health scales receive negative weighting on the SF-36 mental health component summary score.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [35] Taft, C., Karlsson, J., & Sullivan, M. (2001). Do SF-36 summary component scores accurately summarize subscale scores? Quality of Life Research, 10, 395–404. source
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May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe PROMIS-29 v2.0 summary scores were constructed to allow physical and mental health to be correlated, whereas the SF-36 summary scores force a zero correlation between them.
“Second, the new summary scores were constructed allowing physical and mental health to be correlated rather than forcing a zero correlation between them as was the case for the SF-36 summary scores [35].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [35] Taft, C., Karlsson, J., & Sullivan, M. (2001). Do SF-36 summary component scores accurately summarize subscale scores? Quality of Life Research, 10, 395–404. source
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May combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataThe results provide strong support for some psychometric properties of the PROMIS-29 v2.0 summary scores, but further work is needed to assess the scoring system in different samples.
“While the results of this study provide strong support for some of the psychometric properties of the PROMIS-29 v2.0 summary scores, further work is needed to assess the scoring system in different samples.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPrior factor analyses of SF-36 scale scores supported two underlying factors: physical health defined mainly by physical functioning, pain, and physical role limitations, and mental health reflected mainly by emotional well-being and emotional role limitations.
“Factor analyses of scale scores for the SF-36 health survey, provided strong support for two underlying factors with physical health defined primarily by measures of physical functioning, pain, and role limitations due to physical health problems, and by mental health reflected primarily by measures of emotional well-being and role limitations caused by emotional problems [17–18].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [17] Farivar, S. S., Cunningham, W. E., & Hays, R. D. (2007). Correlated physical and mental health summary scores for the SF-36 and SF-12 health survey, V. 1. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5:54. source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [18] Hays, R. D., Marshall, G. N., Wang, E. Y. I., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1994). Four-year cross-lagged associations between physical and mental health in the medical outcomes study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 441–449. source
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Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The PROMIS-29 has been validated for use in assessing impacts of health care interventions.
“It has been validated for use in assessing impacts of health care interventions. 18”
From Overview and Feasibility of a Novel Transdisciplinary Integrative Approach to High Impact Chronic Pain in Vermont (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
The Abstract Conclusions provide preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores and say they can be used in future studies to assess intervention impacts. They also recommend further evaluation; the paper does not establish that the PROMIS-29 has been validated specifically for measuring the impacts of health care interventions. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredParticipants complete validated health survey measures at the beginning and at the end of the program.
“In this initial pilot evaluation, participants complete validated health survey measures at the beginning and at the end of the program.”
From Overview and Feasibility of a Novel Transdisciplinary Integrative Approach to High Impact Chronic Pain in Vermont (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
The Abstract Conclusions report preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical and mental health summary scores. The paper does not establish that participants in the citing study's pilot completed surveys at both the beginning and end of its program. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe PROMIS-29 assesses multiple functional domains including physical function, fatigue, pain interference, depressive symptoms, anxiety, ability to participate in social roles and activities, and sleep disturbance.
“The PROMIS-29 assesses multiple functional domains including physical function; fatigue; pain interference; depressive symptoms; anxiety; ability to participate in social roles and activities; and sleep disturbance. 18”
From Overview and Feasibility of a Novel Transdisciplinary Integrative Approach to High Impact Chronic Pain in Vermont (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Abstract misstates physical summary score reliability
MajorThe abstract reports physical health summary score reliability as 0.98, but the Results report 0.93 for Sample 1 and 0.95 for Sample 2. The reported 0.98 instead matches the Results value for mental health in Sample 2.
“Reliabilities for these two summary scores were 0.98 (physical health) and 0.97 (mental health).”
“The estimated reliabilities [33] of the PROMIS-29 v2.0 physical health summary scores were 0.93 (Sample 1) and 0.95 (Sample 2). For the PROMIS-29 v2.0 mental health summary score reliability estimates were 0.97 (Sample 1) and 0.98 (Sample 2).”
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- Authors
- Hays, R. D., Spritzer, K. L., Schalet, B. D., & Cella, D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hays, Ron D.
- Venue
- Quality of Life Research
- Published
- 2018-03-22
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1885-1891
- ISSN
- 0962-9343 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2649
- PMC
- PMC5999556
- OpenAlex
- W2793808927
- Cited by
- 684
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 141 · 2024: 136 · 2023: 106 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8
- FWCI
- 22.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- pure.amsterdamumc.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Quality of Life Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (1U2-CCA186878-01)
- National Institute on Aging (P30-AG021684)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Keywords
- health-related quality of life, factor analysis, physical function, pain intensity, pain interference, fatigue, depressive symptoms, anxiety, sleep disorders, social role participation, reliability statistics, validity, chronic disease
- MeSH terms
- Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Young Adult
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