Increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary activity in adolescent girls - the Incorporating More Physical Activity and Calcium in Teens (IMPACT) Study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Lack of regular physical activity and consequent sub-optimal bone mass acquisition in youth has been implicated as a primary cause of adult-onset osteoporosis. IMPACT was a behavioral theory-based 1 1/2 year randomized controlled field study aimed at increasing bone accretion in middle school girls. The objective of this study was to determine the intervention effects of the IMPACT program upon key physical and sedentary activity endpoints among schools that participated in the IMPACT study. Endpoints examined included weight bearing physical activity (WBPA); moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA); vigorous physical activity (VPA); MET (metabolic equivalent) - weighted WBPA and MVPA; sedentary activity; before/after-school physical activity; and weekend physical activity. METHODS: Primary data analysis using a pretest-posttest control group design was conducted utilizing mixed model analysis of covariance. Data gathered from the IMPACT cohort from 2000-2002 were analyzed to determine baseline versus follow-up differences in activity endpoints. Confounders investigated included ethnicity, body mass index, menarcheal status, participation in 7th grade PE/athletics, friend/familial support and neighborhood safety. RESULTS: Follow-up means were higher for participating intervention schools relative to control schools for all physical activity variables but were statistically significant only for the following variables: daily minutes of vigorous physical activity (mean difference between Intervention (I) and Control (C) = 6.00 upward arrow minutes, 95% CI = 5.82-6.18, p = 0.05), daily after school activity minutes (mean difference between I and C = 8.95 upward arrow minutes, 95% CI = 8.69-9.21, p = 0.04), and daily weekend activity minutes (mean difference between I and C = 19.00 upward arrow minutes, 95% CI = 18.40-19.60, p = 0.05). The intervention significantly reduced duration of student daily TV/Video watching (mean difference between I and C = 12.11 downward arrow minutes, 95% CI = 11.74-12.48, p = 0.05) and total daily sedentary activity minutes (mean difference between I and C = 16.99 downward arrow minutes, 95% CI = 16.49-17.50, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: A well designed and implemented school based health and physical activity intervention can result in a positive influence upon increasing physical activity levels and decreasing sedentary activity. Future interventions should consider a more structured intervention component to obtain significant changes in WBPA.
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For Jones 2008, the review judged incomplete outcome data as high risk because incomplete outcome data were not adequately addressed.
“High risk Comment: incomplete outcome data was not adequately addressed”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as Jones 2008
For Jones 2008, the review judged blinding as high risk because no information was given and it was likely not done.
“High risk Comment: no information given, likely not done”
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For Jones 2008, the review judged data collection methods as low risk because data collection tools were reported to be valid and reliable.
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For Jones 2008, the review judged selective reporting as low risk because all outcomes identified a priori were reported on.
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For Jones 2008, the review judged random sequence generation as unclear risk, noting that a computer-generated random numbers table was used for the randomization process.
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For Jones 2008, the review judged allocation concealment as low risk because the criterion was not applicable: all participants were allocated at one point in time following recruitment, so allocation was not known at recruitment.
“Low risk Comment: criterion not applicable because all participants were allocated at 1 point in time following recruitment, so at time of recruitment allocation was not known”
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Jones, A., Armstrong, B., Weaver, R. G., Parker, H., von Klinggraeff, L., & Beets, M. W. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16633433
Santiago-Rodríguez, M. E., Chen, J., Pfeiffer, K. A., Márquez, D. X., Odoms-Young, A., & Bustamante, E. E. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21524266
Santiago-Rodríguez, M. E., Chen, J., Pfeiffer, K. A., Márquez, D. X., Odoms-Young, A., & Bustamante, E. E. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21524269
Jones, A., Armstrong, B., Weaver, R. G., Parker, H., von Klinggraeff, L., & Beets, M. W. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16633427
Jones, A., Armstrong, B., Weaver, R. G., Parker, H., von Klinggraeff, L., & Beets, M. W. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16633424
Jones, A., Armstrong, B., Weaver, R. G., Parker, H., von Klinggraeff, L., & Beets, M. W. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16633418
O’Brien, T., Darker, C. D., Mockler, D., & Barrett, E. (2026) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-026-27261-z
- Authors
- Jones, D., Hoelscher, D. M., Kelder, S. H., Hergenroeder, A., & Sharma, S. V.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Desiree
- Venue
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 42
- ISSN
- 1479-5868 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2556688
- OpenAlex
- W1968168667
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD037767)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Keywords
- physical activity promotion, sedentary behavior, adolescent girls, school-based intervention, IMPACT program, weight-bearing exercise, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, high-intensity exercise, television viewing, bone accretion, calcium intake, osteoporosis prevention, junior high school students, after-school physical activity, weekend physical activity, behavioral interventions, neighborhood safety, menarche
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