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Effect of point-of-purchase calorie labeling on restaurant and cafeteria food choices: A review of the literature
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Eating away from home has increased in prevalence among US adults and now comprises about 50% of food expenditures. Calorie labeling on chain restaurant menus is one specific policy that has been proposed to help consumers make better food choices at restaurants. The present review evaluates the available empirical literature on the effects of calorie information on food choices in restaurant and cafeteria settings. METHODS: Computer-assisted searches were conducted using the PUBMED database and the Google Scholar world wide web search engine to identify studies published in peer-review journals that evaluated calorie labeling of cafeteria or restaurant menu items. Studies that evaluated labeling only some menu items (e.g. low calorie foods only) were excluded from the review since the influence of selective labeling may be different from that which may be expected from comprehensive labeling. RESULTS: Six studies were identified that met the selection criteria for this review. Results from five of these studies provide some evidence consistent with the hypothesis that calorie information may influence food choices in a cafeteria or restaurant setting. However, results from most of these studies suggest the effect may be weak or inconsistent. One study found no evidence of an effect of calorie labeling on food choices. Each of the studies had at least one major methodological shortcoming, pointing toward the need for better designed studies to more rigorously evaluate the influence of point-of-purchase calorie labeling on food choices. CONCLUSION: More research is needed that meets minimum standards of methodological quality. Studies need to include behavioral outcomes such as food purchase and eating behaviors. Also, studies need to be implemented in realistic settings such as restaurants and cafeterias.
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“In a controlled trial, adding caloric information to a fast-food menu also did not alter food selection or consumption at a single meal in adolescents and adults who were regular patrons of fast-food restaurants.32”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [32]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Harnack, L. J., & French, S. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Harnack, Lisa J
- Venue
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 51
- ISSN
- 1479-5868 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2584065
- OpenAlex
- W2118807678
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 16.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Packaging Perceptions and Trends
- Keywords
- calorie labeling, restaurant menus, food choice, eating out, food purchase behavior, dietary habits
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