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Cited by 104Sleep and Work-Related FatigueCoffee research and impactsSports Performance and Training

Skill execution and sleep deprivation: effects of acute caffeine or creatine supplementation - a randomized placebo-controlled trial

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Cook, Christian J, Crewther, Blair T, Kilduff, Liam P, Drawer, Scott, Gaviglio, Chris M·2011·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
DOI 10.1186/1550-2783-8-2PMC PMC3049131
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: We investigated the effects of sleep deprivation with or without acute supplementation of caffeine or creatine on the execution of a repeated rugby passing skill. METHOD: Ten elite rugby players completed 10 trials on a simple rugby passing skill test (20 repeats per trial), following a period of familiarisation. The players had between 7-9 h sleep on 5 of these trials and between 3-5 h sleep (deprivation) on the other 5. At a time of 1.5 h before each trial, they undertook administration of either: placebo tablets, 50 or 100 mg/kg creatine, 1 or 5 mg/kg caffeine. Saliva was collected before each trial and assayed for salivary free cortisol and testosterone. RESULTS: Sleep deprivation with placebo application resulted in a significant fall in skill performance accuracy on both the dominant and non-dominant passing sides (p < 0.001). No fall in skill performance was seen with caffeine doses of 1 or 5 mg/kg, and the two doses were not significantly different in effect. Similarly, no deficit was seen with creatine administration at 50 or 100 mg/kg and the performance effects were not significantly different. Salivary testosterone was not affected by sleep deprivation, but trended higher with the 100 mg/kg creatine dose, compared to the placebo treatment (p = 0.067). Salivary cortisol was elevated (p = 0.001) with the 5 mg/kg dose of caffeine (vs. placebo). CONCLUSION: Acute sleep deprivation affects performance of a simple repeat skill in elite athletes and this was ameliorated by a single dose of either caffeine or creatine. Acute creatine use may help to alleviate decrements in skill performance in situations of sleep deprivation, such as transmeridian travel, and caffeine at low doses appears as efficacious as higher doses, at alleviating sleep deprivation deficits in athletes with a history of low caffeine use. Both options are without the side effects of higher dose caffeine use.

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  • In five of these studies, free testosterone was also measured and no increases were found.

    “In five of these studies [67–71], free testosterone, which the body uses to produce DHT, was also measured and no increases were found.”

    From Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? (2021) · cites this paper as [67]

    The Results section reports that salivary free testosterone was measured and found no statistically significant increase compared with placebo. However, it trended higher after the 100 mg/kg creatine dose (p = 0.067), so the unqualified statement that no increases were found omits that result. The count of five studies is the citing authors’ synthesis, not a finding of this individual paper. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Authors
Cook, C. J., Crewther, B. T., Kilduff, L. P., Drawer, S., & Gaviglio, C. M.
Affiliations
  • United Kingdom Sport (GB)
  • Imperial College London (GB)
  • Swansea University (GB)
  • Queensland Academy of Sport (AU)
Corresponding author
Cook, Christian J
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2011-02-04
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
2-2
ISSN
1550-2783 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1550-2783-8-2
PMC
PMC3049131
OpenAlex
W2126336345
Cited by
104
References
7
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
FWCI
3.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Research Councils UK
  • Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/H009744/1)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
sleep deprivation, caffeine supplementation, creatine supplementation, skill performance, elite athletes, salivary cortisol, salivary testosterone, caffeine dose-response, transmeridian travel

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