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Evidence that a West-East admixed population lived in the Tarim Basin as early as the early Bronze Age

Li, Chunxiang, Li, Hongjie, Cui, Yinqiu, Xie, Chengzhi, Cai, Dawei, Li, Wenying, Mair, Victor H, Xu, Zhi, Zhang, Quanchao, Abuduresule, Idelisi, Jin, Li, Zhu, Hong, Zhou, Hui·2010·BMC Biology
DOI 10.1186/1741-7007-8-15PMC PMC2838831
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Abstract

Background: The Tarim Basin, located on the ancient Silk Road, played a very important role in the history of human migration and cultural communications between the West and the East. However, both the exact period at which the relevant events occurred and the origins of the people in the area remain very obscure. In this paper, we present data from the analyses of both Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) derived from human remains excavated from the Xiaohe cemetery, the oldest archeological site with human remains discovered in the Tarim Basin thus far. Results: Mitochondrial DNA analysis showed that the Xiaohe people carried both the East Eurasian haplogroup (C) and the West Eurasian haplogroups (H and K), whereas Y chromosomal DNA analysis revealed only the West Eurasian haplogroup R1a1a in the male individuals. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the Xiaohe people were an admixture from populations originating from both the West and the East, implying that the Tarim Basin had been occupied by an admixed population since the early Bronze Age. To our knowledge, this is the earliest genetic evidence of an admixed population settled in the Tarim Basin.

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Crossref · 10.1186/1741-7007-8-15

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Figure 1 The geographical position of Xiaohe cemetery. The larger map shows Xinjiang, shown also in the shaded section of the map of China.
Figure 1 The geographical position of Xiaohe cemetery. The larger map shows Xinjiang, shown also in the shaded section of the map of China.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Reduced median network of Xiaohe sequences. Node size is proportional to frequencies. HVR1 positions are numbered relative to Cambridge reference sequence (CRS). Single nucleotide polymorphism diagnostic positions are in black italics; green represents East Eurasian lineage C, containing 14 individuals. Xiaohe R* is the cluster under the macrohaplogroup R.
Figure 2 Reduced median network of Xiaohe sequences. Node size is proportional to frequencies. HVR1 positions are numbered relative to Cambridge reference sequence (CRS). Single nucleotide polymorphism diagnostic positions are in black italics; green represents East Eurasian lineage C, containing 14 individuals. Xiaohe R* is the cluster under the macrohaplogroup R.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Map of Eurasia, showing the approximate distribution of haplogroup C. Black sections reflect the frequency of haplogroup C data taken from references listed in Additional File 3.
Figure 3 Map of Eurasia, showing the approximate distribution of haplogroup C. Black sections reflect the frequency of haplogroup C data taken from references listed in Additional File 3.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C, based on HVS-I sequences in the region 16050-16391. For references for the mitochondrial DNA sequences in this study see Additional File 3; the length difference mutations were excluded from this analysis.
Figure 4 Phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C, based on HVS-I sequences in the region 16050-16391. For references for the mitochondrial DNA sequences in this study see Additional File 3; the length difference mutations were excluded from this analysis.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Map of Eurasia, showing ancient populations from the Tarim Basin and surroundings. Number 1 represents Xiaohe cemetery, data from this study; number 2 represents Xinjing Hami cemetery, data not published; Number 3 represents ancient Xiongnu, data from reference 46; Numbers 4 and 5 represent ancient South Siberian people, data from reference 38, Numbers 6 and 7 represent ancient Central Asians, data from reference 41; Numbers 8 and 9 represent ancient Lake Baikal people, data from reference 45. The red colour represents that the data was generated from samples from about Bronze Age and/or the prehistory era, while blue represents that the data was generated from samples from Iron Age.
Figure 5 Map of Eurasia, showing ancient populations from the Tarim Basin and surroundings. Number 1 represents Xiaohe cemetery, data from this study; number 2 represents Xinjing Hami cemetery, data not published; Number 3 represents ancient Xiongnu, data from reference 46; Numbers 4 and 5 represent ancient South Siberian people, data from reference 38, Numbers 6 and 7 represent ancient Central Asians, data from reference 41; Numbers 8 and 9 represent ancient Lake Baikal people, data from reference 45. The red colour represents that the data was generated from samples from about Bronze Age and/or the prehistory era, while blue represents that the data was generated from samples from Iron Age.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Li, C., Li, H., Cui, Y., Xie, C., Cai, D., Li, W., Mair, V. H., Xu, Z., Zhang, Q., Abuduresule, I., Jin, L., Zhu, H., & Zhou, H.
Venue
BMC Biology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2010-02-17
Volume
8
Issue
1
ISSN
1741-7007
DOI
10.1186/1741-7007-8-15
PMC
PMC2838831
Cited by
91
References
1
Language
en

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