CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1Indigenous Cultures and HistoryRace, Genetics, and SocietyHistory of Science and Natural History

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 236 of the 254 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Search for the First Americans: Science, Power, and Politics

Open access
Davis, Robert·2021·University of Oklahoma Press eBooks
DOI 10.38118/9780806175935
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Who were the First Americans? Where did they come from? When did they get here? Are they the ancestors of modern Native Americans? These questions might seem straightforward, but scientists in competing fields have failed to convince one another with their theories and evidence, much less Native American peoples. The practice of science in its search for the First Americans is a flawed endeavor, Robert V. Davis tells us. His book is an effort to explain why. Most American history textbooks today teach that the First Americans migrated to North America on foot from East Asia over a land bridge during the last ice age, 12,000 to 13,000 years ago. In fact, that theory hardly represents the scientific consensus, and it has never won many Native adherents. In many ways, attempts to identify the first Americans embody the conflicts in American society between accepting the practical usefulness of science and honoring cultural values. Davis explores how the contested definition of “First Americans” reflects the unsettled status of Native traditional knowledge, scientific theories, research methodologies, and public policy as they vie with one another for legitimacy in modern America. In this light he considers the traditional beliefs of Native Americans about their origins; the struggle for primacy—or even recognition as science—between the disciplines of anthropology and archaeology; and the mediating, interacting, and sometimes opposing influences of external authorities such as government agencies, universities, museums, and the press. Fossil remains from Mesa Verde, Clovis, and other sites testify to the presence of First Americans. What remains unsettled, as The Search for the First Americans makes clear, is not only who these people were, where they came from, and when, but also the very nature and practice of the science searching for answers.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.38118/9780806175935

Cites

236 of 236 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

18 of the 254 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 264

  1. Deloria, Red Earth, White Lies. 13. Adovasio, e First Americans, 124. Chapter 1
  2. Chatters, Ancient Encounters, 261. Chapter 3
  3. Clovis News Journal, http://www.cnjonline.com/articles/dig-34373-site-isequilla. html (accessed May 6, 2011).
  4. Jelinek, "Perspectives from the Old World on the Habitation of the New," 47. Chapter 4
  5. Strassberg, A Chinese Bestiary, 35. Chapter 6
  6. Adovasio, e First Americans, xvi. Chapter 7
  7. Echo-Hawk, "Merciless Greetings, Wicked Servants of the Age of Archaeora- cialism," 22. Chapter 8
  8. Wilmsen, "An Outline of Early Man Studies in the United States," 16. Chapter 9
  9. Clark, "Should One Size Fit All?," 39. Chapter 11
  10. McGuire, Archaeology as Political Action, xii. 43. Killion, Opening Archaeology, 4. Chapter 12
  11. Abbott, Charles Conrad. "Paleolithic Man: A Last Word." Science 20, no. 515 (1892): 344-45.
  12. ---. "Palaeolithic Man in North America." Science 20, no. 510 (1892): 270-71.
  13. Adovasio, James M., and Ronald C. Carlisle. "Some oughts on Cultural Resource Management Archaeology in the United States." Antiquity 62 (1988): 72-87.
  14. Adovasio, J. M., J. Donahue, and R. Stuckenrath. " e Meadowcro Rockshelter Ra- diocarbon Chronology 1975-1990." American Antiquity 55, no. 2 (1990): 348-54.
  15. Adovasio, J. M., J. D. Gunn, J. Donahue, and R. Stuckenrath. "Excavations at Mead- owcro Rockshelter, 1973-1974: A Progress Report." Pennsylvania Archaeologist 45, no. 3 (1975): 1-30.
  16. ---. "Meadowcro Rockshelter: Retrospect 1976." Pennsylvania Archaeologist 47, no. 2-3 (1977): 1-93.
  17. American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA). "AAPA Statement on Bio- logical Aspects of Race." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 101 (1996): 569-70.
  18. Antropova, V. " e Koryaks." In e Peoples of Siberia, edited by M. G. Levin and L. P. Potapov, 851-75. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964. Archaeological Institute of America. "Who Owns the Dead? A Controversial Amend- ment to the Federal Repatriation Law Complicates the Relationship between Native Americans and Archaeologists." Archaeology 64, no. 1 (January/February 2011): 16. Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979.
  19. Bachelard, Gaston. e Formation of the Scientific Mind: A Contribution to a Psycho- analysis of Objective Knowledge. Manchester, UK: Clinamen Press, 2002.
  20. Banning, Edward Bruce. e Archaeologist's Laboratory: e Analysis of Archaeological Data. New York: Springer, 2002.
  21. Barnard, Alan. History and eory in Anthropology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Uni- versity Press, 2000.
  22. Barton, C. Michael, Geoffrey A. Clark, David R. Yesner, and Georges A. Pearson, eds. e Settlement of the American Continents: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Human Biogeography. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2004.
  23. Bell, James. "On Capturing Agency in eories about Prehistory." In Representations in Archaeology, edited by Jean-Claude Gardin and Christopher S. Peebles, 30-55. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992.
  24. Bentley, R. Alexander, Matthew W. Hahn, and Stephen J. Shennan. "Random Dri and Culture Change." Proceedings of the Royal Society B 271 (2004): 1443-50.
  25. Biagioli, Mario. Galileo, Courtier: e Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
  26. Bieder, Robert E. Science Encounters the Indian, 1820-1880: e Early Years of Ameri- can Ethnology. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986.
  27. Bonatto, S. L., A. J. Redd, F. M. Salzano, and M. Stoneking. "Lack of Ancient Polynesian-American Contact." American Journal of Human Genetics 59, no. 1 (July 1996): 253-58.
  28. Bonatto, S. L., and F. M. Salzano. "A Single and Early Origin for the Peopling of the Americas Supported by Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Data." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94 (1997): 1866-71.
  29. ---. "Diversity and Age of the Four Major mtDNA Haplogroups, and eir Impli- cations for the Peopling of the New World." American Journal of Human Genetics 61 (1997): 1413-23.
  30. Bonnichsen, R., and D. Young. "Early Technological Repertoires: Bone to Stone." Ca- nadian Journal of Anthropology 1 (1980): 123-128.
  31. Borrero, Luis Alberto. "Paleoindians without Mammoths and Archaeologists without Projectile Points? e Archaeology of the First Inhabitants of the Americas." In Paleoindian Archaeology: A Hemispherical Perspective, edited by Juliet E. Morrow and Cristobál Gnecco, 9-20. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2006.
  32. Bortolini, Maria-Catira, Francisco M. Salzano, Mark G. omas, Steven Stuart, Selja P. K. Nasanen, Claiton H. D. Bau, Mara H. Hutz, et al. "Y-chromosome Evidence for Differing Ancient Demographic Histories in the Americas." American Journal of Human Genetics 73 (2003): 524-39.
  33. Boyd, Julian P. e Papers of omas Jefferson. Vol. 12, no. 7 (August 1787 to March 1788). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1955.
  34. Brace, C. Loring. " e Roots of the Race Concept in American Physical Anthropol- ogy." In A History of American Physical Anthropology, 1930-1980, edited by F. Spen- cer, 11-30. New York: Academic Press, 1982.
  35. Bradley, B., and D. Stanford. " e North Atlantic Ice-Edge Corridor: A Possible Paleolithic Route to the New World." World Archaeology 36 (2004): 459-78.
  36. ---. "Repatriation and Archaeology's Second Loss of Innocence: On Knowledge, Power, and the Past." In Opening Archaeology: Repatriation's Impact on Contempo- rary Research and Practice, edited by omas W. Killion, 79. Santa Fe: School for Advanced Research Press, 2008.
  37. Bray, Warwick. " e Paleoindian Debate." Nature 332 (1988): 107.
  38. Brerewood, Edward. Enquiries Touching the Diversity of Languages and Religions, through the Chief Parts of the World. 2nd ed. London: Samuel Mearne, John Mar- tyn, and Henry Herringman, 1674. First edition, 1614.
  39. Brew, John Otis. Review of Man and the Glacial Period by G. Frederick Wright. Science 20, no. 5081 (1894): 249.
  40. Britain, Marcus, and Timothy Clack, eds. Archaeology and the Media. London: Uni- versity College London Press, 2005.
  41. Brown, B. "Recent Finds Relating to Prehistoric Man in America." Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 4 (1928): 824-28.
  42. Bruning, Susan B. "Complex Legal Legacies: e Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, Scientific Study, and Kennewick Man." American Antiquity 71, no. 3 (2006): 501-21.
  43. Bryan, Alan L., and Ruth Gruhn. "Some Difficulties in Modeling the Original Peo- pling of the Americas." Quaternary International 109-10 (2003): 175-79.
  44. ---. Discussion of Folsom Culture and Its Age by H. Brown. Geological Society of America Bulletin 40 (1986): 128-29.
  45. Buikstra, Jane E., and Lane A. Beck, eds. Bioarchaeology: e Contextual Analysis of Human Remains. New York: Academic Press, 2006.
  46. Burgaleta, Claudio. Jose de Acosta, S.J. (1540-1600): His Life and ought. Chicago: Loyola Press, 1999.
  47. Campbell, Lyle. American Indian Languages: e Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1997.
  48. ---. Comment on e Settlement of the Americas: A Comparison of the Linguistic, Dental, and Genetic Evidence by Joseph H. Greenberg, Christy G. Turner III, and Stephen L. Zegura. Current Anthropology 27 (1986): 490-91.
  49. ---. Review of Languages in the Americas by Joseph H. Greenberg. Language 64 (1988): 591-615.
  50. ---. " e Recovery and First Analysis of an Early Holocene Human Skeleton from Kennewick, Washington." American Antiquity 65, no. 2 (2000): 291-316.
  51. Chinard, Gilbert. "Jefferson and the American Philosophical Society." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 87, no. 3, Bicentennial of omas Jefferson (July 14, 1943): 263-76.
  52. Clovis News Journal. http://www.cnjonline.com.php56-17.ord1-1.websitetestlink. com/news/.
  53. Cohen, J., and N. Swidler. "Painting a New Face on CRM: Integrating Traditional Culture and Archaeology." SAA Bulletin 15, no. 1 (1997): 24-25.
  54. Colbert, E. H. " e Association of Man with Extinct Mammals in the Western Hemi- sphere." Proceedings of the Eighth American Scientific Congress held in Washington May 10-18, 1940, under the Auspices of the Government of the United States of America . . ., edited by Paul H. Oehser, 17-29. Washington, DC: Department of State, 1941-43.
  55. Collins, Harry, and Trevor Pinch, " e Science of the Lamb: Chernobyl and the Cumbrian Sheep Farmers." In e Golem at Large: What you Should Know about Technology, 113-25. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. https://ctuir.org/.
  56. Cope, Edward D. " e Antiquity of Man in North America." American Naturalist 29, no. 342 (1895): 593-99.
  57. Dalibard, Jacques. " e Canadian Experience in Heritage Preservation." In e Chal- lenge to Our Cultural Heritage: Why Preserve the Past? edited by R. Yudhishthir Isar, 183-94. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1986.
  58. Davis, Hester A. " e Crises in American Archeology." Science 175 (1972): 267-72.
  59. ---. "Is an Archaeological Site Important to Science or to the Public, and Is ere a Difference?" In Heritage Interpretation: e Natural and Built Environment, vol. 1, edited by David L. Uzzell, 96-99. London: Belhaven, 1989.
  60. Deloria, Vine, Jr. "Anthros, Indians, and Planetary Reality." In Indians and Anthropol- ogists: Vine Deloria, Jr., and the Critique of Anthropology, edited by omas Biolsi and Larry J. Zimmerman, 209-21. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1997.
  61. Deloria, Vine, Jr., and Clifford M. Lytle. e Nations Within: e Past and Future of American Indian Sovereignty. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1984.
  62. Dikov, N. N. " e Paleolithic of Kamchatka and Chukotka and the Problem of the Peopling of America." In Anthropology in the Pacific Rim, edited by W. W. Fitzhugh and V. Chausonnet, 87-95. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994.
  63. Dillehay, Tom D. " e Battle of Monte Verde." e Sciences (January/February 1997): 32. ---. "How New is the New World?" Antiquity 62 (1988): 94-97.
  64. ---, ed. Monte Verde: A Late Pleistocene Settlement in Chile. Vol. 2, e Archeological Context and Interpretation. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1997.
  65. Dillehay, Tom D., and David Meltzer, eds. e First Americans: Search and Research, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.
  66. Dincauze, D. "An Archaeological Evaluation of the Case for Pre-Clovis Occupations." In Advances in World Archaeology, vol. 3, edited by Fred Wendorf and Angela E. Close, 275-323. New York: Academic Press, 1984.
  67. Dincauze, D. F. " e Meadowcro Papers." Quarterly Review of Archaeology 2 (1981): 3-4.
  68. Dixon, Robert M., and Alexandra Aikhenvald, eds. Areal Diffusion and Genetic In- heritance: Problems in Comparative Linguistics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2006.
  69. Dongoske, Kurt E., Michael Yeatts, Roger Anyon, and T. J. Ferguson. "Archaeological Cultures and Cultural Affiliation: Hopi and Zuni Perspectives in the American Southwest." American Antiquity 62, no. 4 (1997): 600-608.
  70. Dumond, D. E. " e Archaeology of Alaska and the Peopling of America." Science 209 (1980): 984-91.
  71. Dumont, Clayton W. " e Politics of Scientific Objections to Repatriation." Wicazo Sa Review 18, no. 1 (Spring 2003): 109-28.
  72. Easton, R. D., D. A. Merriwether, D. E. Crews, and R. E. Ferrell. "mtDNA Variation in the Yanornami: Evidence for Additional New World Founding Lineages." Amer- ican Journal of Human Genetics 59 (1996): 213-25.
  73. Edgar, Heather J. H. "Biohistorical Approaches to 'Race' in the United States: Biolog- ical Distances among African Americans, European Americans, and eir Ances- tors." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 139 (2009): 58-67.
  74. Ericson, Jonathan E., R. Taylor, and Rainer Berger, eds. Peopling of the New World. San Diego: Ballena Press, 1982.
  75. Erlandson, Jon M., Torben C. Rick, René L. Vellanoweth, and Douglas J. Kennett. "Maritime Subsistence at a 9300-Year-Old Shell Midden on Santa Rosa Island, Cal- ifornia." Journal of Field Archaeology 26, no. 3 (Autumn 1999): 255-65.
  76. ---. " e Kennewick Follies: 'New' eories about the Peopling of the Americas." Journal of Anthropological Research 60, no. 1 (2004): 75-110.
  77. ---. "Older than We ought: Implications of Corrected Dates for Paleoindians." American Antiquity 64 (1999): 95-116.
  78. ---. Prehistory of the Americas. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
  79. Fifield, Terence E. "Human Remains Found in Alaska Reported to be 9,730 Years Old." SAA Bulletin 14, no. 5 (1996): 5.
  80. Figgins, Jesse D. " e Antiquity of Man in America." Natural History 27 (1927): 229-239.
  81. Fladmark, Knut R. "Getting One's Berings." Natural History 95 (1986): 8-19.
  82. ---. "Times and Places: Environmental Correlates of Mid-to-Late Wisconsinan Human Population Expansion in North America." In Early Man in the New World, edited by Richard Shutler, 13-42. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1983.
  83. Fletcher, Alice, and Tilly (Matilda) C. Stevenson. "Report of the Committee on the Preservation of Archaeological Remains on the Public Lands." Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 37 (1889): 35-37.
  84. Fox, J. A. Comment on e Settlement of the Americas: A Comparison of the Linguistic, Dental, and Genetic Evidence by Joseph H. Greenberg, Christy G. Turner II, and Stephen L. Zegura. Current Anthropology 27 (1986): 477-97.
  85. ---. "Man's Antiquity in North America: Views and Facts." Quaternaria 9 (1967): 225-35.
  86. Friedman, Janet L., ed. "A History of the Archaeological Resources Protection Act: Laws and Regulations." American Archeology 5, no. 2 (1985): 82-119.
  87. Galison, Peter, and David J. Stump, eds. e Disunity of Science: Boundaries, Contexts, and Power. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.
  88. Galtung, Johan. "Scientific Colonialism." Transition no. 30 (1967): 10-15.
  89. Goebel, Ted, Michael R. Waters, and Dennis H. O'Rourke. " e Late Pleistocene Dispersal of Modern Humans in the Americas." Science 319 (2008): 1497-1501.
  90. Goldberg, Paul, and Trina L. Arpin. "Micromorphological Analysis of Sediments from Meadowcro Rockshelter, Pennsylvania: Implications for Radiocarbon Dat- ing." Journal of Field Archaeology 26, no. 3 (1999): 325-42.
  91. González-José, Rolando, Maria Cátira Bortolini, Fabrício R. Santos, and Sandra L. Bonatto. " e Peopling of America: Craniofacial Shape Variation on a Continental Scale and Its Interpretation from an Interdisciplinary View." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 137 (2008): 175-87.
  92. Greenberg, Joseph H. Language in the Americas. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1987.
  93. Greenberg, Joseph H., Christy G. Turner II, and Stephen L. Zegura. " e Settlement of the Americas: A Comparison of the Linguistic, Dental, and Genetic Evidence." Current Anthropology 27 no. 5 (1986): 477-79.
  94. Gruhn, Ruth. "Language Classification and Models of the Peopling of the Americas." In Archaeology and Linguistics: Aboriginal Australia in Global Perspective, edited by Patrick McConvell and Nicholas Evans, 99-110. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1997.
  95. ---. "Faunal Exchanges between Siberia and North America: Evidence from Qua- ternary Land Mammal Remains in Siberia, Alaska and the Yukon Territory." Cana- dian Journal of Anthropology 1 (1980): 45-49.
  96. Habu, Junk, Clare Fawcett, and John M. Matsunaga, eds. Evaluating Multiple Narratives: Beyond Nationalist, Colonist, Imperialist Archaeologies. New York: Springer, 2008.
  97. Hall, D. "Corrected Radiocarbon Calendar Can Clarify Peopling of Americas." Mammoth Trumpet 12, no. 4 (1997): 4-7.
  98. Harding, Sandra. Is Science Multi-Cultural? Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998.
  99. Haynes, C. V., Jr. "Carbon-14 Dates and Early Man in the New World." In Pleistocene Extinctions, edited by P. S. Martin and H. E. Wright, 267-86. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1967.
  100. ---. " e Clovis Culture." Canadian Journal of Anthropology 1 (1980): 115-21.
  101. ---. "Clovis Origin Update." e Kiva 52 (1987): 83-93.
  102. ---. Comment on Early Man in America and the Late Pleistocene Chronol- ogy of Western Canada and Alaska by A. L. Bryan. Current Anthropology 10 (1969): 353-54.
  103. ---. " e Earliest Americans." Science 166 (1969): 709-15.
  104. ---. "Fluted Projectile Points; eir Age and Dispersion." Science 145 (1964): 1408-13.
  105. ---. "When and From Where Did Man Arrive in Northeastern North America: A Discussion." In Amerinds and eir Paleoenvironments in Northeastern North America, edited by Walter S. Newman and Bert Salwen. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 288: 165-66. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1977.
  106. Haynes, Gary A. e Early Settlement of North America: e Clovis Era. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  107. Hinsley, Curtis M., Jr. Savages and Scientists: e Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981.
  108. Hoeffecker, John F., W. Roger Powers, and Ted Goebel. " e Colonization of Beringia and the Peopling of the New World." Science 259 (1993): 46-53.
  109. ---. Handbook of Aboriginal American Antiquities. Part 1, Introductory: e Lithic Industries. Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology 60. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1919.
  110. ---. " e Antiquity Phantom in American Archaeology." Science 62 (1925): 256-258.
  111. Horn, Amanda. " e Kennewick Man Loses Sleep over NAGPRA: Native Americans and Scientists Wrestle over Cultural Remains." In Sovereignty Symposium X. Okla- homa City: Oklahoma Bar Association, 1997.
  112. Howells, William White. Who's Who in Skulls: Ethnic Identification of Crania om Measurements. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1995.
  113. Hrdlička, Aleš. " e Crania of Trenton, New Jersey and eir Bearing upon the An- tiquity of Man in at Region." American Museum of Natural History Bulletin 16 (1902): 23-62.
  114. ---. "Early Man in America: What Have the Bones to Say?" In Early Man as Depicted by Leading Authorities at the International Symposium at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, March 1937, edited by G. G. MacCurdy, 93-104. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1937.
  115. ---. " e Problem of Man's Antiquity in America." Proceedings of the Eighth Amer- ican Scientific Congress held in Washington May 10-18, 1940, under the Auspices of the Government of the United States of America . . . , edited by Paul H. Oehser, 53-55. Washington, DC: Department of State, 1941-43.
  116. ---. " e Race and Antiquity of the American Indian." Scientific American 135 (1926): 7-9.
  117. ---. "Studies on Early Man in Europe." In Smithsonian Explorations, 1923. Smithso- nian Miscellaneous Collections 76, no. 10 (1925): 56-66.
  118. ---. "New Dates from Old Bones." Natural History 96, no. 2 (1987): 8-13.
  119. Jantz, R. L., and Douglas W. Owsley. "Pathology, Taphonomy, and Cranial Morpho- metrics of the Spirit Cave Mummy." Nevada Historical Quarterly 40 (1997): 62-84.
  120. Jefferson, omas. Notes on the State of Virginia. 1787. Edited with an introduction and notes by William Peden. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1954.
  121. Johnston, W. A. "Quaternary Geology of North America in Relation to the Migration of Man." In e American Aborigines: eir Origin and Antiquity, edited by Dia- mond Jenness, 9-45. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1933.
  122. ---. "Leaving Few Bones Unturned: Recent Work on Repatriation by Bioarchaeol- ogists." American Anthropologist 110, no. 1 (2008): 44-52.
  123. ---. "Toward a 'New and Different' Osteology: A Reflexive Critique of Physical Anthropology in the United States since the Passage of NAGPRA." In Opening Archaeology: Repatriation's Impact on Contemporary Research and Practice, edited by omas W. Killion, 119. Santa Fe, NM: School for Advanced Research Press, 2008.
  124. Kidder, A. V. "Early Man in America." e Masterkey 1, no. 5 (1927): 5-13.
  125. King, Cecil. "Here Come the Anthros." In Indians and Anthropologists: Vine Deloria, Jr., and the Critique of Anthropology, edited by omas Biolsi and Larry J. Zimmer- man, 115-19. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1997.
  126. Kintigh, Keith W. "Repatriation as a Force of Change in Southwestern Archaeology." In Opening Archaeology: Repatriation's Impact on Contemporary Research and Practice, edited by omas W. Killion, 204. Santa Fe, NM: School for Advanced Research Press, 2008.
  127. Kitchen A., M. M. Mlyamoto, and M. I. Mulligan. "A ree-Step Colonization Model for the Peopling of the Americas." PLoS ONE 3 (2008): 1-7.
  128. Knorr-Cetina, Karin D. e Manufacture of Knowledge: An Essay on the Constructivist and Contextual Nature of Science. New York: Pergamon Press, 1981.
  129. Koerner, Stephanie. "Archaeology, Nationalism, and Problems Posed by Science/ Values, Epistemology/Ontology Dichotomies." World Archaeology Bulletin (Au- gust-September 2001): 57-96.
  130. Kuhn, omas S. e Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chi- cago Press, 1962.
  131. Lahr, Marta Mirazon. "Patterns of Modern Human Diversification: Implications for Amerindian Origins." Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 38 (1995): 163-98.
  132. Larsen, Clark S. Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior om the Human Skeleton. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
  133. Latour, Bruno, and Steve Woolgar. Laboratory Life: e Construction of Scientific Facts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986.
  134. Laudan, Larry. Progress and Its Problems: Towards a eory of Scientific Growth. Berke- ley: University of California Press, 1977.
  135. Laughlin, W. S. Comment on e Settlement of the Americas: A Comparison of the Linguistic, Dental, and Genetic Evidence by Joseph H. Greenberg, Christy G. Turner II, and Stephen L. Zegitra. Current Anthropology 27 (1986): 489-90.
  136. Lavallee, D. e First South Americans: e Peopling of a Continent om the Earliest Evidence to High Culture. Translated by P. G. Bahn. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2000.
  137. Lawson, John. A New Voyage to Carolina ; Containing the Exact Description of at Country: Together with the Present State ereof, and a Journal of a ousand Miles, Travl' d thro' Several Nations of Indians, Giving a Particular Account of eir Cus- toms, Manners, &c. London: s.n., 1709.
  138. Lell J. T., M. D. Brown, T. G. Schurr, R. I. Sukernik, E. B. Starikovskaya, A. Torroni, and D. C. Wallace. "Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms in Native American and Si- berian Populations: Identification of Founding Native American Y-Chromosome Haplotypes." Human Genetics 100 (1997): 536-43.
  139. Leone, Mark P., and Parker B. Potter. "Legitimation and the Classification of Archae- ological Sites." American Antiquity 57 (1992): 137-45.
  140. Lepper, Bradley, and Robson Bonnichsen, eds. New Perspectives on the First Americans. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2004.
  141. Longino, Helen E. Science as Social Knowledge: Values and Objectivity in Scientific In- quiry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990.
  142. MacCurdy, George Grant. Early Man. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1937.
  143. ---. " e Problem of Man's Antiquity at Vero, Florida." American Anthropologist 19 (1916): 252-61.
  144. Macneiei-I, Rinnaan S. "Men Out of Asia: As Seen from the Northwest Yukon." An- thropological Papers of the University of Alaska 7, no. 2 (1959): 41-70.
  145. MacNeish, R. "Early Man in the New World." American Scientist 63 (1976): 316-27.
  146. ---. "Whose DNA Is It, Anyway?" Science 278 (1997): 564-67.
  147. Martin, Paul S. "Clovis the Beautiful." Natural History 96, no. 10 (1987): 10-13.
  148. ---. " e Discovery of America." Science 179 (1973): 969-74.
  149. ---. e Last 10,000 Years: A Fossil Pollen Record of the American Southwest. Tuc- son: University of Arizona Press, 1963.
  150. ---. "Pleistocene Overkill." Natural History 76, no. 10 (1967): 32-38.
  151. ---. "Prehistoric Overkill." In Pleistocene Extinctions: e Search for a Cause, ed- ited by Paul S. Martin and Herb E. Wright Jr., 75-120. New Haven, CT: Yale Uni- versity Press, 1967.
  152. ---.. "Who or What Destroyed Our Mammoths?" In Megafauna and Man: Discov- ery of America's Heartland, edited by Larry D. Agenbroad, 109-17. Malden, MA: Wiley Interscience, 1990.
  153. Mason, Ronald J. Inconstant Companions: Archaeology and North American Oral Tra- ditions. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2006.
  154. McBryde, Isabel, ed. Who Owns the Past? Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1985.
  155. McGee, William J. "Man and the Glacial Period." American Anthropologist 6, no. 1 (1893): 85-95.
  156. ---. "Paleolithic Man in America: His Antiquity and Environment." Popular Sci- ence Monthly 34 (1889): 20-57.
  157. McGuire, Randall H. "Archaeology and the First Americans." American Anthropolo- gist 94, no. 4 (1992): 816-36.
  158. McKeown, C. T. "Principles of Consultation." CRM 2, no. 3/4 (1997): 26-27.
  159. McManamon, Francis P. " e Antiquities Act: Setting Basic Preservation Policies." CRM 19, no. 7 (1996): 18-23.
  160. ---. "Changing Relationships between Native Americans and Archaeologists." Historic Preservation Forum 8, no. 2 (1994): 15-20.
  161. ---. "Managing Repatriation: Implementing the Native American Graves Protec- tion and Repatriation Act." CRM 15, no. 5 (1992): 9-12.
  162. ---. " e Many Publics for Archaeology." American Antiquity 56, no. 1 (1991): 121-30.
  163. ---. " e Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act and First Americans Research." In Who Were the First Americans: Proceedings of the 58th Annual Biology Colloquium, edited by Ruth Gruhn and Robson Bonnichsen, 145. Corvallis: Center for the Study of the First Americans, Oregon State Univer- sity, 1999.
  164. McManamon, F. P., and L. V. Nordby. "Implementing the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act." Arizona State Law Journal 24, no. 1 (1992): 217-52.
  165. Meltzer, David J. " e Antiquity of Man and the Development of American Archae- ology." In Advances in Archaeological Method and eory, vol. 6, edited by Michael B. Schiffer, 1-51. New York: Academic Press, 1983.
  166. ---. "North American Archaeology and Archaeologists, 1879-1934." American Antiquity 50, no. 21 (1985): 249-60.
  167. ---. " e Seventy-Year Itch: Controversies over Human Antiquity and eir Reso- lution." Journal of Anthropological Research 61, no. 4 (Winter 2005): 433-68.
  168. Merriwether D. A. "Mitochondrial DNA." In Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 3, edited by Douglas H. Ubelaker, William C. Sturtevant, and Dennis Stan- ford, 817-830. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institute Press, 2007.
  169. Merriwether, D. A., and R. E. Ferrell. " e Four Founding Lineage Hypothesis for the New World: A Critical Reevaluation." Molecular and Phylogenetic Evolution 5 (1996): 241-46.
  170. Merriwether, D. A., W. W. Hall, A. Vahlne, and R. E. Ferrell. "mtDNA Variation In- dicates Mongolia May Have Been the Source for the Founding Populations for the New World." American Journal of Human Genetics 59 (1996): 204-12.
  171. Merton, Robert K. e Sociology of Science: eoretical and Empirical Investigations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973.
  172. Meskell, Lynn. " e Intersections of Identity and Politics in Archaeology." Annual Reviews in Anthropology 31 (2002): 279-301.
  173. Morgan, Kathryn A. Myth and Philosophy om the Presocratics to Plato. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
  174. ---. "Who Owns the Past?" Science 268 (1995): 1424-26.
  175. Mosimann, J. E., and P. S. Martin. "Simulating Pleistocene Overkill by Palaeo-Indians." American Scientist 63, no. 3 (1975): 304-13.
  176. Mulvaney, John. e Prehistory of Australia. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1975.
  177. Munford, D., M. C. Zanini, and W. W. Neves. "Human Cranial Variation in South America: Implications for the Settlement of the New World." Brazilian Journal of Genetics 18 (1995): 673-88.
  178. Nelson, N. C. " e Antiquity of Man in America in the Light of Archaeology." In e American Aborigines: eir Origin and Antiquity, edited by Diamond Jenness, 87-130. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1933.
  179. ---. Discussion of e Origin and Antiquity of Man in America by Ales Hrdlička. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 4 (1928): 820-23.
  180. Neves, W. A. "Cranial Morphological Variation and the Colonization of the New World: Towards a Four Migration Model." American Journal of Physical Anthropol- ogy S22 (1996): 176.
  181. Neves, W. A., and H. M. Pucciarelli. " e Zhoukoudian Upper Cave Skull 101 as Seen from the Americas." Journal of Human Evolution 34 (1998): 219-22.
  182. Neves, W. A., H. M. Pucciarelli, and D. Meyer. " e Contribution of the Morphology of Early South and North American Skeletal Remains to the Understanding of the Peopling of the Americas." American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Supplement 16 (1993): 150-51.
  183. Nichols, J. Linguistic Diversity and the Peopling of the Americas. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
  184. Nott, Josiah Clark, and George Robins Gliddon. Types of Mankind; or, Ethnological Researches, Based on Ancient Monuments, Paintings, Sculptures, and Crania of Races. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo, 1854.
  185. Olsen, Bjornar J. " e End of History? Archaeology and the Politics of Identity in a Globalised World." In Destruction and Conservation of Cultural Property, edited by Robert Layton, Peter G. Stone, and Julian omas, 42-54. London: Routledge, 2001.
  186. Oreskes, Naomi. e Rejection of Continental Dri : eory and Method in American Earth Science. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
  187. Owsley, Douglas W. "From Jamestown to Kennewick: An Analogy Based on Early Americans." In Who Were the First Americans: Proceedings of the 58th Annual Biol- ogy Colloquium, edited by Robson Bonnichsen, 128. Corvallis: Center for the Study of the First Americans, Oregon State University.
  188. Paabo, S., R. G. Higuchi, and A. C. Wilson. "Ancient DNA and the Polymerase Chain Reaction: e Emerging Field of Molecular Archaeology." e Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, no. 17 (1989): 9709-12.
  189. Paracelsus, quoted in Memoirs Read Before the Anthropological Society of London, 1863-64, vol. 1, edited by Anthropological Society of London, 354. London: Trub- ner and Co, 1865.
  190. Pickering, Andrew. e Mangle of Practice: Time, Agency, and Science. Chicago: e University of Chicago Press, 1995.
  191. Pijoan, Terese. American Indian Creation Myths. Santa Fe, NM: Sunstone Press, 2005.
  192. Popper, Karl R. e Logic of Scientific Discovery. London: Routledge, 1992. First pub- lished in English in 1959 by Hutchinson and Company.
  193. Powell, Joseph F., and D. Gentry Steele. "A Multivariate Craniometric Analysis of North American Paleoindian Remains." Current Research in the Pleistocene 9 (1992): 59-62.
  194. Prucha, Francis R. e Great Father: e United States Government and the American Indians. Abridged ed. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986.
  195. Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel. e American Nations ; or, Outlines of eir General History, Ancient and Modern: Including the Whole History of the Earth and Man- kind in the Western Hemisphere ; the Philosophy of American History; the Annals, Traditions, Civilizations, Languages, etc., of All the American Nations, Tribes, Em- pires, and States. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Author, 1836.
  196. Ramenofsky, A. "Developments in the Problem of the North American Paleo-Indian." Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 100 (1940): 51-116.
  197. Rice, Jocelyn. "20 ings You Didn't Know about Viruses." Discover 31, no. 3 (2010): 80.
  198. Riding In, James. "Without Ethics and Morality: A Historical Overview of Imperial Ar- chaeology and American Indians." Arizona State Law Journal 24, no. 1 (1992): 11-34.
  199. Roberts, Alexa. "Trust Me, I Work for the Government: Confidentiality and Public Access to Sensitive Information." American Indian Quarterly 25, no. 1 (Spring 2001): 13-17.
  200. Roberts, Frank H. H., Jr. "Developments in the Problem of the North American Paleo-Indian." In "Essays in Historical Anthropology of North America." Smithso- nian Miscellaneous Collections 100 (1940): 51-116.

200 of 264 shown

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Metadata

Authors
Davis, R.
Affiliations
University of Oklahoma (US)
Corresponding author
Davis, Robert
ORCID
Davis, Robert
Venue
University of Oklahoma Press eBooks
Publisher
University of Oklahoma Press
Published
2021-07-06
DOI
10.38118/9780806175935
OpenAlex
W4206690250
Cited by
1
References
254
Citations by year
2022: 1
FWCI
0.27
Type
book
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-nd
Locations
  • University of Oklahoma Press eBooks (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma; Oklahoma State University; Central Oklahoma University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Race, Genetics, and Society
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › History of Science and Natural History
Keywords
First Americans, peopling of the Americas, Native American origins, science and religion, scientific authority, science and politics, science and the press, museums, public policy, myth and science, scientific credibility, cultural myths

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-08 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review