Changes in codon-pair bias of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have profound effects on virus replication in cell culture
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BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has a biased nucleotide composition different from human genes. This raises the question of how evolution has chosen the nucleotide sequence of HIV-1 that is observed today, or to what extent the actual encoding contributes to virus replication capacity, evolvability and pathogenesis. Here, we applied the previously described synthetic attenuated virus engineering (SAVE) approach to HIV-1. RESULTS: Using synonymous codon pairs, we rationally recoded and codon pair-optimized and deoptimized different moieties of the HIV-1 gag and pol genes. Deoptimized viruses had significantly lower viral replication capacity in MT-4 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Varying degrees of ex vivo attenuation were obtained, depending upon both the specific deoptimized region and the number of deoptimized codons. A protease optimized virus carrying 38 synonymous mutations was not attenuated and displayed a replication capacity similar to that of the wild-type virus in MT-4 cells and PBMCs. Although attenuation is based on several tens of nucleotide changes, deoptimized HIV-1 reverted to wild-type virulence after serial passages in MT-4 cells. Remarkably, no reversion was observed in the optimized virus. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that SAVE is a useful strategy to phenotypically affect the replicative properties of HIV-1.
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HIV-1 replication capacity in cell culture can be manipulated by altering codon usage in the viral genome.
“It has been shown that HIV-1 replication capacity in cell culture can be manipulated by altering codon usage in the viral genome (100).”
From Role of host tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in retroviral replication (2019) · cites this paper as [100]
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- Authors
- Martrus, G., Nevot, M., Andres, C., Clotet, B., & Martinez, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- ORCID
- Clotet, Bonaventura
- Venue
- Retrovirology
- Published
- 2013-07-25
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 78-78
- ISSN
- 1742-4690 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3726367
- OpenAlex
- W2149172763
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Retrovirology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion)
- Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (publishedVersion)
- Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (submittedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RD12/0017)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Keywords
- HIV-1, codon pair bias, codon deoptimization, gag gene, pol gene, proteolytic enzymes, MT-4 cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, synonymous mutations
- MeSH terms
- Cells, Cultured, Codon, DNA Mutational Analysis, Humans, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Molecular Sequence Data, Virus Replication, HIV-1, Sequence Analysis, DNA, gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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