Mfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction
Open accessAbstract
The abbreviated name, 'mfold web server', describes a number of closely related software applications available on the World Wide Web (WWW) for the prediction of the secondary structure of single stranded nucleic acids. The objective of this web server is to provide easy access to RNA and DNA folding and hybridization software to the scientific community at large. By making use of universally available web GUIs (Graphical User Interfaces), the server circumvents the problem of portability of this software. Detailed output, in the form of structure plots with or without reliability information, single strand frequency plots and 'energy dot plots', are available for the folding of single sequences. A variety of 'bulk' servers give less information, but in a shorter time and for up to hundreds of sequences at once. The portal for the mfold web server is http://www.bioinfo.rpi.edu/applications/mfold. This URL will be referred to as 'MFOLDROOT'.
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Traditional methods such as the Zuker algorithm and its derivatives, MFold and ViennaRNA, use dynamic programming to evaluate thermodynamic stability.
“Traditional methods such as the Zuker algorithm and its derivatives, MFold and ViennaRNA, use dynamic programming to evaluate thermodynamic stability [6], [7], [8].”
From Towards secondary structure prediction of longer mRNA sequences using a quantum-centric optimization scheme (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says that RNA-folding algorithms use dynamic programming and that mfold predicts minimum free-energy foldings, supporting the claim about mfold’s thermodynamic approach. Our copy does not identify ViennaRNA as a derivative of the Zuker algorithm or describe its method, so it does not support the full sentence. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMost selected templates had a low tendency to form stable secondary structure, as judged by mfold.
“Firstly, the majority of the template sequences exhibited a low propensity to form stable secondary structure elements (as judged by mfold26).”
From In-ice evolution of RNA polymerase ribozyme activity (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
Mfold analysis showed that the clustered 4-bp deletions in patients 1, 6 and 8 lie in the stem of the same short hairpin.
“Mfold analysis (web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction)27 showed that the clustered 4bp deletions of patients 1, 6 and 8 are located in the stem of the same short hairpin (Supplementary Fig. 2).”
From A SWI/SNF-related autism syndrome caused by de novo mutations in ADNP (2014) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Zuker, M.
- Affiliations
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zuker, M.
- Venue
- Nucleic Acids Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-07-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 3406-3415
- ISSN
- 0305-1048 (ISSN-L)
- 1362-4962
- PMC
- PMC169194
- OpenAlex
- W2141157874
- Cited by
- 13,404
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 320 · 2025: 487 · 2024: 535 · 2023: 536 · 2022: 575 · 2021: 620 · 2020: 615 · 2019: 625 · 2018: 596 · 2017: 653 · 2016: 634 · 2015: 672 · 2014: 681 · 2013: 716 · 2012: 686
- FWCI
- 151.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nucleic Acids Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM54250, R01GM054250)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Keywords
- RNA secondary structure prediction, single-stranded nucleic acids, web application, graphical user interface
- MeSH terms
- Base Sequence, Computer Graphics, DNA, DNA, Single-Stranded, Models, Molecular, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Nucleic Acid Denaturation, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, RNA, Software, Thermodynamics, User-Computer Interface, Internet, Databases, Nucleic Acid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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