CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 285Balance, Gait, and Falls PreventionMotor Control and AdaptationDeep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Effect of gait speed on gait rhythmicity in Parkinson's disease: variability of stride time and swing time respond differently

Open access
Frenkel-Toledo, Silvi, Giladi, Nir, Peretz, Chava, Herman, Talia, Gruendlinger, Leor, Hausdorff, Jeffrey M·2005·Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
DOI 10.1186/1743-0003-2-23PMC PMC1188069
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The ability to maintain a steady gait rhythm is impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This aspect of locomotor dyscontrol, which likely reflects impaired automaticity in PD, can be quantified by measuring the stride-to-stride variability of gait timing. Previous work has shown an increase in both the variability of the stride time and swing time in PD, but the origins of these changes are not fully understood. Patients with PD also generally walk with a reduced gait speed, a potential confounder of the observed changes in variability. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between walking speed and gait variability. METHODS: Stride time variability and swing time variability were measured in 36 patients with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2-2.5) and 30 healthy controls who walked on a treadmill at four different speeds: 1) Comfortable walking speed (CWS), 2) 80% of CWS 3) 90% of CWS, and 4) 110% of CWS. In addition, we studied the effects of walking slowly on level ground, both with and without a walker. RESULTS: Consistent with previous findings, increased variability of stride time and swing time was observed in the patients with PD in CWS, compared to controls. In both groups, there was a small but significant association between treadmill gait speed and stride time variability such that higher speeds were associated with lower (better) values of stride time variability (p = 0.0002). In contrast, swing time variability did not change in response to changes in gait speed. Similar results were observed with walking on level ground. CONCLUSION: The present results demonstrate that swing time variability is independent of gait speed, at least over the range studied, and therefore, that it may be used as a speed-independent marker of rhythmicity and gait steadiness. Since walking speed did not affect stride time variability and swing time variability in the same way, it appears that these two aspects of gait rhythmicity are not entirely controlled by the same mechanisms. The present findings also suggest that the increased gait variability in PD is disease-related, and not simply a consequence of bradykinesia.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/1743-0003-2-23

Cites

55 of 55 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Stride length, stride time variability and swing time variability as measured at four different gait speeds on the treadmill. There were small but significant associations between gait speed and stride length and between gait speed and stride time variability, but swing time variability was not related to gait speed. CWS: comfortable walking speed. Values shown are based on mixed model estimates.
Figure 1 Stride length, stride time variability and swing time variability as measured at four different gait speeds on the treadmill. There were small but significant associations between gait speed and stride length and between gait speed and stride time variability, but swing time variability was not related to gait speed. CWS: comfortable walking speed. Values shown are based on mixed model estimates.CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Baltadjieva R, Giladi N, Balash Y, Herman T, Hausdorff JM: Gait changes in de novo Parkinson's disease patients: A force/rhythm dichotomy. Movement Disorders 2004, 19: S138-S138.
  2. Lowenthal J, Gruedlinger L, Baltadjieva R, Herman T, Hausdorff JM, Giladi N: Effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait dynamics in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders 2004, 19: S139-S139.
  3. Rochester L, Hetherington V, Jones D, Nieuwboer A, Willems AM, Kwakkel G, Van Wegen G: The effect of rhythmical cues on walking during a simple and dual functional motor task in a complex environment in people with Parkinson's disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005, in press.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 285

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Frenkel-Toledo, S., Giladi, N., Peretz, C., Herman, T., Gruendlinger, L., & Hausdorff, J. M.
Affiliations
  • Tel Aviv University (IL)
  • Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (IL)
  • Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Hausdorff, Jeffrey M
ORCID
Venue
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2005-07-31
Volume
2
Issue
1
Pages
23-23
ISSN
1743-0003 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/1743-0003-2-23
PMC
PMC1188069
OpenAlex
W2095634651
Cited by
285
References
56
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 12
FWCI
22.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Parkinson's Disease Foundation
  • National Institute on Aging
  • National Center for Research Resources
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
Keywords
Parkinson's disease, walking speed, stride time variability, gait variability, automaticity, bradykinesia, treadmill walking, walker use

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review