The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 78 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The pivotal role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases in metabolic flexibility
Open accessAbstract
Metabolic flexibility is the capacity of a system to adjust fuel (primarily glucose and fatty acids) oxidation based on nutrient availability. The ability to alter substrate oxidation in response to nutritional state depends on the genetically influenced balance between oxidation and storage capacities. Competition between fatty acids and glucose for oxidation occurs at the level of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). The PDC is normally active in most tissues in the fed state, and suppressing PDC activity by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase (PDK) is crucial to maintain energy homeostasis under some extreme nutritional conditions in mammals. Conversely, inappropriate suppression of PDC activity might promote the development of metabolic diseases. This review summarizes PDKs' pivotal role in control of metabolic flexibility under various nutrient conditions and in different tissues, with emphasis on the best characterized PDK4. Understanding the regulation of PDC and PDKs and their roles in energy homeostasis could be beneficial to alleviate metabolic inflexibility and to provide possible therapies for metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures


Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“competition between fatty acids and glucose occurs at the level of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex”
From Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [314]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Cancer cell metabolism: warburg and beyond
Hsu, P. P., & Sabatini, D. M. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.08.021 · Cited by 2,452 · cited 1×
“They utilize increased glycolysis and suppress mitochondrial glucose oxidation to provide energy with a proliferative advantage, conducive to apoptosis resistance and even increased angiogenesis [74].”
Fuel selection in human skeletal muscle in insulin resistance: a reexamination.
Kelley, D. E., & Mandarino, L. J. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.5.677 · Cited by 1,017
Yao, J., Irwin, R. W., Zhao, L., Nilsen, J., Hamilton, R. T., & Brinton, R. D. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0903563106 · Cited by 940
Metabolic Modulation of Glioblastoma with Dichloroacetate
Michelakis, E. D., Sutendra, G., Dromparis, P., Webster, L., Haromy, A., Niven, E. B., Maguire, C., Gammer, T.-L., Mackey, J. R., Fulton, D. S., et al. (2010) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000677 · Cited by 744
Non-CpG methylation of the PGC-1α promoter through DNMT3B controls mitochondrial density.
Barrès, R., Osler, M. E., Yan, J., Rune, A., Fritz, T., Caidahl, K., Krook, A., & Zierath, J. R. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.07.011 · Cited by 602
The role of FoxO in the regulation of metabolism
Gross, D. N., van den Heuvel, A. P. J., & Birnbaum, M. J. (2008) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2008.25 · Cited by 571
Metabolic flexibility and insulin resistance
Galgani, J. E., Moro, C., & Ravussin, E. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90558.2008 · Cited by 532 · cited 2×
“The capacity for an organism to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability, that is, to preferentially utilize carbohydrate and lipid fuels and to be able to rapidly switch between them is termed metabolic flexibility [2,3].”
Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity by reversible phosphorylation
Holness, M. J., & Sugden, M. C. (2003) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0311143 · Cited by 479
Malonyl-CoA: the regulator of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation
Foster, D. W. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci63967 · Cited by 375
Wende, A. R., Huss, J. M., Schaeffer, P. J., Giguère, V., & Kelly, D. P. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.25.24.10684-10694.2005 · Cited by 354
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Metabolic Flexibility as an Adaptation to Energy Resources and Requirements in Health and Disease
Smith, R. L., Soeters, M. R., Wüst, R. C. I., & Houtkooper, R. H. (2018) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2017-00211 · Cited by 787
Judge, A., & Dodd, M. S. (2020) · Essays in Biochemistry · doi:10.1042/ebc20190041 · Cited by 421
Efferocytosis induces a novel SLC program to promote glucose uptake and lactate release
Morioka, S., Perry, J. S. A., Raymond, M. H., Medina, C. B., Zhu, Y., Zhao, L., Serbulea, V., Önengüt-Gümüşcü, S., Leitinger, N., Kucenas, S., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0735-5 · Cited by 379
Atlas of Circadian Metabolism Reveals System-wide Coordination and Communication between Clocks
Dyar, K. A., Lutter, D., Artati, A., Ceglia, N., Liu, Y., Armenta, D., Jastroch, M., Schneider, S., de Mateo, S., Cervantes, M., et al. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.042 · Cited by 345
PDK4 augments ER-mitochondria contact to dampen skeletal muscle insulin signaling during obesity
Thoudam, T., Ha, C.-M., Leem, J., Chanda, D., Park, J.-S., Kim, H.-J., Jeon, J.-H., Choi, Y.-K., Liangpunsakul, S., Huh, Y. H., et al. (2019) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db18-0363 · Cited by 207
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, S., Hulver, M. W., McMillan, R. P., Cline, M. A., & Gilbert, E. R.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Tech (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gilbert, Elizabeth R
- Venue
- Nutrition & Metabolism
- Published
- 2014-02-12
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-10
- ISSN
- 1743-7075 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3925357
- OpenAlex
- W2170096200
- Cited by
- 450
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 9.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Nutrition & Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Biochemical Acid Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, metabolic flexibility, PDK4, energy homeostasis, glucose oxidation, fatty acid oxidation, substrate competition, metabolic inflexibility, type 2 diabetes, metabolic disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review