Consumption of whole grains and legumes modulates the genetic effect of the APOA5 -1131C variant on changes in triglyceride and apolipoprotein A-V concentrations in patients with impaired fasting glucose or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Background: The apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) -1131 T > C polymorphism is associated with mild hypertriglyceridemia in type 2 diabetic subjects, and interacts with dietary fat in the determination of triglyceride concentrations. We examined whether a substitution of whole grains and legumes for refined rice in a high carbohydrate diet (about 65% of energy derived from carbohydrate) may modify the effect of this variant on changes in apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V) and triglyceride concentrations. Methods: We genotyped the APOA5 -1131 T > C in individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, who were randomly assigned to either a group ingesting whole grain and legume meals daily or a control group for 12 weeks. Results: After dietary intervention, we observed significant interactions between the APOA5 -1131 T > C polymorphism and carbohydrate sources (whole grains and legumes versus refined rice) in the determination of mean percent changes in triglyceride and apoA-V (P interactions <0.001 and =0.038, respectively). In the refined rice group (n = 93), the carriers of the risk C allele (n = 50) showed a greater increase in the mean percent changes of triglyceride and apoA-V than noncarriers after adjusting for HOMA-IR (P = 0.004 and 0.021, respectively). The whole grain and legume group (n = 92), however, showed a decrease in fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride, and an increase in apoA-V, irrespective of genotype. Conclusions: The data showed that the magnitude of the genetic effect of the APOA5 -1131C variant on triglyceride and apoA-V levels was modulated when substituting consumption of whole grains and legumes for refined rice as a carbohydrate source in IFG or diabetic subjects. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01784952.
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Overall findings tend to support evidence from existing clinical trials and observational studies showing that people with markers indicating higher risk for diabetes, prediabetes, or insulin resistance have lower risk when they reduce calorie, carbohydrate, or saturated fat intake and/or increase fiber or protein intake compared with their peers.
“Further, overall fi ndings tend to support evidence from existing clinical trials and observational studies showing that people with markers indicating higher risk for diabetes, prediabetes, or insulin resistance have lower risk when they reduce calorie, carbohydrate, or saturated fat intake and/or increase fi ber or protein intake compared with their peers (333 -337).”
From Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report (2019) · cites this paper as [337]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStudies using personalized nutrition approaches to examine genetic, metabolomic, and microbiome variations have not yet identified specific factors that consistently improve outcomes in type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, or prediabetes.
“Studies using personalized nutrition approaches to examine genetic, metabolomic, and microbiome variations have not yet identi fi ed speci fi c factors that consistently improve outcomes in type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, or prediabetes.”
From Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report (2019) · cites this paper as [337]
The Methods and Conclusions (page unavailable) describe a single trial in people with impaired fasting glucose or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. It found that replacing refined rice with whole grains and legumes modulated the effect of an APOA5 variant on triglyceride and apoA-V levels. The paper does not assess metabolomic or microbiome variation, type 1 diabetes, or whether personalized-nutrition factors consistently improve outcomes across studies. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Kang, R., Kim, M., Chae, J. S., Lee, S.-H., & Lee, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Yonsei University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Jong Ho
- Venue
- Trials
- Published
- 2014-04-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 100-100
- ISSN
- 1745-6215 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3974230
- OpenAlex
- W1994344238
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Trials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2012M3A9C4048762)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- apolipoprotein A-V, triglycerides, whole grains, Fabaceae, dietary carbohydrates, impaired fasting glucose, type 2 diabetes, gene-diet interaction, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, dietary intervention
- MeSH terms
- Apolipoprotein A-V, Apolipoproteins A, Blood Glucose, Edible Grain, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fasting, Female, Genotype, Humans, Insulin, Fabaceae, Male, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Genetic, Oryza, Time Factors, Triglycerides, Biomarkers, Treatment Outcome, Republic of Korea
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