Cultural interventions to treat addictions in Indigenous populations: findings from a scoping study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Cultural interventions offer the hope and promise of healing from addictions for Indigenous people.a However, there are few published studies specifically examining the type and impact of these interventions. Positioned within the Honouring Our Strengths: Culture as Intervention project, a scoping study was conducted to describe what is known about the characteristics of culture-based programs and to examine the outcomes collected and effects of these interventions on wellness. METHODS: This review followed established methods for scoping studies, including a final stage of consultation with stakeholders. The data search and extraction were also guided by the "PICO" (Patient/population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) method, for which we defined each element, but did not require direct comparisons between treatment and control groups. Twelve databases from the scientific literature and 13 databases from the grey literature were searched up to October 26, 2012. RESULTS: The search strategy yielded 4,518 articles. Nineteen studies were included from the United States (58%) and Canada (42%), that involved residential programs (58%), and all (100%) integrated Western and culture-based treatment services. Seventeen types of cultural interventions were found, with sweat lodge ceremonies the most commonly (68%) enacted. Study samples ranged from 11 to 2,685 clients. Just over half of studies involved quasi-experimental designs (53%). Most articles (90%) measured physical wellness, with fewer (37%) examining spiritual health. Results show benefits in all areas of wellness, particularly by reducing or eliminating substance use problems in 74% of studies. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from this scoping study suggests that the culture-based interventions used in addictions treatment for Indigenous people are beneficial to help improve client functioning in all areas of wellness. There is a need for well-designed studies to address the question of best relational or contextual fit of cultural practices given a particular place, time, and population group. Addiction researchers and treatment providers are encouraged to work together to make further inroads into expanding the study of culture-based interventions from multiple perspectives and locations.
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Focusing on a cultural activity (talking circle) with a common function of providing a space for group support increases the likelihood of generalizability to other nations.
“Through focusing on a cultural activity (i.e., talking circle) with a common function of providing a space for group support, this health intervention increases the likelihood of generalizability to other nations (Rowan, 2014) while beginning at the ground level.”
From Growing from Our Roots: Strategies for Developing Culturally Grounded Health Promotion Interventions in American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Communities (2020) · cites this paper as Rowan, 2014
The Discussion proposes comparing cultural interventions by common functions as a possible way to address problems of generalization. The Results list a talking circle alongside peer support, but the paper does not show that focusing this particular health intervention on a talking circle increases its generalizability to other nations. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOne solution is to compare cultural interventions based on their common functions or purpose they serve versus on their distinctive forms.
“as Rowan (2014) notes, one solution is to compare cultural interventions based on their common functions or purpose they serve, (e.g., purification or increasing spiritual connection) versus on their distinctive forms (e.g., sweat lodge, dance).”
From Growing from Our Roots: Strategies for Developing Culturally Grounded Health Promotion Interventions in American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Communities (2020) · cites this paper as Rowan (2014)
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“In addition, culturally based interventions and policy reforms (Hunt, 2013; Rowan et al., 2014) tailored to the unique needs of trans sex workers are required, including those specific to violence and sexual assault prevention focused on perpetrator interventions.”
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Toombs, E., Kowatch, K. R., Dalicandro, L., McConkey, S., Hopkins, C., & Mushquash, C. J. (2021) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x19899231 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Rowan, M., Poole, N., Shea, B., Gone, J. P., Mykota, D., Farag, M., Hopkins, C., Hall, L., Mushquash, C., & Dell, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Saskatchewan (CA)
- British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health (CA)
- Bruyère (CA)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Lakehead University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Dell, Colleen
- ORCID
- Venue
- Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
- Published
- 2014-09-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 34-34
- ISSN
- 1747-597X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4158387
- OpenAlex
- W2148328372
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 1.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- uO Research (University of Ottawa) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins University
- University of Ottawa
- Lakehead University
- Thompson Rivers University
- Health Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (120535_1, 12053_5)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- cultural intervention, indigenous peoples, addiction treatment, substance use disorders, residential treatment, wellness, spiritual health, physical well-being
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Culture, Female, Humans, Male, Substance-Related Disorders, Population Groups, Young Adult
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