Growing from Our Roots: Strategies for Developing Culturally Grounded Health Promotion Interventions in American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian Communities

May combine two claims.

Yappalli's cultural innovation lies in incorporating experiential, outdoor, and culturally specific trail-based activities to promote group cohesion and to increase connection to ancestors and their Original Instructions.

“Yappalli cultural innovation lies in incorporating experiential, outdoor and culturally specific trail-based activities to promote group cohesion (Schultz et al., 2016) and to increase connection to the ancestors and their OI.”

• cites Schultz et al., 2016 sourceSupported

May combine two claims.

While Yappalli centers on Native Original Instructions, traditions, and culture, it also incorporates evidence-based prevention models including the information-motivation-behavioral skills model.

“While the Yappalli intervention centers on Native OI, traditions and culture, it also incorporates evidence-based prevention models including the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model (Osborn, Amico, Fisher et al., 2010).”

• cites Osborn, Amico, Fisher et al., 2010 sourceSupported

May combine two claims.

Ola Hou reduced systolic blood pressure by 10 mmHg more than a waitlist control and improved social functioning and perceptions of ethnic discrimination in Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders with hypertension.

“It was found not only to reduce SBP by 10 mmHg more than in a waitlist control but also to improve social functioning and perceptions of ethnic discrimination (Kaholokula et al., 2015).”

• cites Kaholokula et al., 2015 sourcePartly supported

  The Results (Primary Outcome Analyses; page unavailable) report about 10 mmHg greater SBP reduction with Ola Hou than with the wait-list control. The Results (Secondary Outcome Analyses; page unavailable) report greater average improvement in social functioning, but the between-group difference was not statistically significant. The paper does not report measuring or improving perceptions of ethnic discrimination. (LLM, conf=0.90)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The information-motivation-behavioral skills model promotes increasing information/knowledge in order to motivate behavioral change.

“IMB promotes increasing information/ knowledge in order to motivate behavioral change.”

• cites Osborn, Amico, Fisher et al., 2010 sourcePartly supported

  The model description in the passage labeled Abstract identifies information and motivation as determinants of behavior, and the Discussion says interventions could target both. But the paper treats them as distinct: information is necessary but insufficient, and it does not say that increasing knowledge motivates behavioral change. (LLM, conf=0.85)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Native scholars propose that health intervention research should explicitly promote healing from well-being disruptions by building interventions from the culture or from the ground up.

“Native scholars propose that health intervention research should explicitly promote healing from well-being disruptions by building interventions from the culture or “from the ground up” (Walters et al., 2011).”

• cites Walters et al., 2011 sourcePartly supported

  The 'Pathways to Embodying HT' section discusses cultural protective factors that may buffer disruptions to wellness, and the Conclusion describes AIAN communities regenerating practices to heal (page numbers unavailable). Neither passage proposes that health intervention research should build interventions from the culture or 'from the ground up.' (LLM, conf=0.82)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

One solution is to compare cultural interventions based on their common functions or purpose they serve versus on their distinctive forms.

“as Rowan (2014) notes, one solution is to compare cultural interventions based on their common functions or purpose they serve, (e.g., purification or increasing spiritual connection) versus on their distinctive forms (e.g., sweat lodge, dance).”

• cites Rowan (2014) sourceSupported

May combine two claims.

Researchers have begun to examine the impact of inequities and intergenerational traumatic stress on physical health and how embodiment is multifaceted and influenced by social, cultural, economic, and biological processes; this interconnectedness has gained acceptance in health interventions.

“In particular, researchers have begun to examine the impact of inequities and intergenerational traumatic stress on physical health and how embodiment of these processes is multifaceted and influenced by social, cultural, economic, and biological processes; and this interconnectedness has gained acceptance in health interventions (Walters et al., 2011).”

• cites Walters et al., 2011 sourcePartly supported

  Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

May combine two claims.

All five health promotion intervention studies are led by Native Principal Investigators or co-Principal Investigators in partnership with Native communities, utilize Indigenist community-based participatory research approaches, and integrate Indigenous worldviews, protocols, and practices throughout their studies, although their level of integration of Original Instructions, relational repair, or

“All five health promotion intervention studies are led by Native Principal Investigators (PIs) or co-PIs in partnership with Native communities, utilize ICBPR approaches, and integrate Indigenous worldviews, protocols and practices throughout their studies, although, their level of integration of OI, RR, and NeT vary from study to study based on design and community needs.”

May combine two claims.

Yappalli is led by both Choctaw researchers and Choctaw community leaders and was developed by and for Choctaw women.

“Yappalli is an innovative study in that it is led by both Choctaw researchers (Walters and Johnson-Jennings) as well as Choctaw community leaders (Stroud) and was developed by and for Choctaw women.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

One protective factor, ellangneq, describes the process of becoming aware of oneself as a human being in connection with others, the animal world, the land, and a spiritual world.

“one of the protective factors that is particularly important, ellangneq (eshl-law-ng’-nek literally, “to wake up”), describes the process of becoming aware of oneself as a human being in connection with others, the animal world, the land, and a spiritual world.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Yappalli is a ground-breaking study utilizing Choctaw-specific theory based on Choctaw cultural knowledge and ancient teachings.

“Thus, Yappalli is a ground-breaking study utilizing Choctaw-specific theory based on Choctaw cultural knowledge and ancient teachings.”

May combine two claims.

Qungasvik is a culturally grounded Alaska Native intervention seeking to establish itself as an evidence-based practice.

“Qungasvik is a culturally grounded Alaska Native intervention seeking to establish itself as an evidence-based practice.”

May combine two claims.

A culturally-centered TEK narrative theme of the significance of fire emerged, as did stories relevant to how tribal members have historically served as stewards of fire.

“Specifically, a culturally-centered TEK narrative theme of the significance of fire emerged as did the stories relevant to how tribal members have historically served as stewards of fire.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Native researchers throughout the globe have given other names to the "all our relations" maxim, labeling this process as kindredness or connectedness across time, space, place, and beings.

“Native researchers throughout the globe have given other names to the “all our relations” maxim, as Moreton-Robinson (2000) notes, labeling this process as “kindredness” or “connectedness” across time, space, place, and beings.”

• cites Moreton-Robinson, 2000Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Through the study and interpretations of these teachings, Native communities are given methods, practices, and protocols for how to live and interact in the world.

“Through the study and interpretations of these teachings, Native communities are given methods, practices, and protocols for how to live and interact in the world (Nelson, 2008).”

• cites Nelson, 2008Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

ICBPR incorporates an approach to research centered in Indigenous community values and epistemologies, including recognition of tribal sovereignty and community rights to self-determination.

“ICBPR incorporates an approach to research centered in Indigenous community values and epistemologies, including recognition of tribal sovereignty and community rights to self-determination (Wallerstein, Duran, Oetzel, et al., 2018).”

• cites Wallerstein, Duran, Oetzel, et al., 2018Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Place-based approaches are central to promoting connectedness to ancestors' Original Instructions from the past and for those yet to come and awakening the responsibilities of the present generation, community, and family.

“These place-based approaches are central to promoting connectedness to ancestors’ OI from the past and for those yet to come and awakening the responsibilities of the present generation, community, and family.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

How we think, communicate, and act all carry power as well as intergenerational responsibilities taught through Original Instructions.

“In other words, how we think, communicate, and act all carry power as well as intergenerational responsibilities taught through OI.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Naming the hula intervention in the Native tongue of Kānaka Maoli recognizes the embodied relational power of the dance and the intervention to renew vitality and wellbeing and outlines key boundaries and cultural responsibilities for dancers, the research team, and the community.

“Thus, naming the hula intervention in the Native tongue of Kānaka Maoli recognizes the [em]bodied relational power of the dance and the intervention to renew vitality and wellbeing and also outlines the key boundaries and cultural responsibilities for the dancers, the research team and the community.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

For many Indigenous People, Indigenous Knowledge has sustained their communities and includes a deep belief in the connectedness of all creation across time and space, with relationships between past, present, and future entities.

“For many Indigenous People, IK has sustained their communities and includes a deep belief in the connectedness of all creation across time and space, with relationships between past, present and future entities.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The Kumu Hula unanimously sanctioned the use of hula as a health promotion strategy to address chronic diseases, with admonition of the importance of maintaining hula's traditional practices and protocols.

“The Kumu Hula unanimously sanctioned the use of hula as a health promotion strategy to address chronic diseases, with admonition of the importance of maintaining hula’s traditional practices and protocols.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

Although some Indigenous Knowledge and Original Instructions may have been taken, the core thought ways and teachings can still be found.

“although some of the IK and OI may have been taken the core thought ways and teachings can still be found.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Original Instructions are the ancient teachings regarding the protocols, practices, and responsibilities to enact Indigenous Knowledges and are expressed through stories, songs/chants, dances, ceremonies, and calendrical, spiritual, teaching, clan, and governance systems.

“Original Instructions (OI) are the ancient teachings regarding the protocols, practices, and responsibilities to enact Indigenous Knowledges and are expressed through stories, songs/chants, dances, ceremonies as well as calendrical, spiritual, teaching, clan and governance systems (Nelson, 2008).”

• cites Nelson, 2008Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The development of Ola Hou was undertaken with participation of the kumu hula community and other Native Hawaiian stakeholders.

“The development of Ola Hou was undertaken with participation of the kumu hula community and other Native Hawaiian stakeholders.”

May combine two claims.

These histories are fraught with historically traumatic genocidal, ethnocidal, ecocidal, and epistemicidal events rooted in settler colonialism that generationally have impacted Native sovereignty and wellbeing.

“These histories are fraught with historically traumatic genocidal, ethnocidal (i.e., destruction of lifeways), ecocidal (destruction of native lands, waters, and air quality), and epistemicidal events rooted in settler colonialism that generationally have impacted Native sovereignty and wellbeing.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Relationality is reciprocal as well as spatial, encompassing all directions simultaneously.

“Relationality is reciprocal as well as spatial, given it does not move forward and backward in time, but rather, encompasses all directions simultaneously.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Research involves particular sets of activities that reproduce social relations of power.

“Research is not just a “civilized” quest for knowledge; rather, it involves particular sets of activities that “reproduce social relations of power” (Tuhiwai-Smith, 2005).”

• cites Tuhiwai-Smith, 2005 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The Choctaw had a complex social and ceremonial life where they upheld the teachings of their ancestors through traditional clans/societies, social activities, and roles.

“The Choctaw had a complex social and ceremonial life where they upheld the teachings of their ancestors (Chanspo Ikhvnanchi/ OI) through traditional clans/societies, social activities and roles.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

For Indigenous Peoples, relationality means that one experiences the self as a part of others, and that others are part of the self-all are inextricably linked.

“For Indigenous Peoples, relationality means that one experiences the self as a part of others, and that others are part of the self–all are inextricably linked (Moreton-Robinson, 2000).”

• cites Moreton-Robinson, 2000Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Relationships can be central to healing and provide the framework for health interventions.

“Thus, relationships can be central to healing and provide the framework for health interventions.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Too often health interventions and related research ignore the impact of historical trauma and the salience of Indigenous knowledges for achieving wellbeing.

“Too often health interventions, and related research, ignore the impact of this historical trauma and the salience of Indigenous knowledges for achieving wellbeing.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Embedded in Indigenous Knowledge and enacted through Original Instructions are place-based teachings, relational worldviews, and ways of being, knowing, and talking in the world.

“Embedded in IK and enacted through OI are place-based teachings, relational worldviews, and ways of being, knowing, and talking in the world.”

May combine two claims.

Traditional and empirical IK was embedded into the Ola Hou research endeavor to ensure the cultural appropriateness of hula as a health intervention to address CVD and its cultural and spiritual integrity as a medical intervention.

“The traditional and empirical IK was embedded into the Ola Hou research endeavor to ensure the cultural appropriateness of hula as a health intervention to address CVD, and also, to ensure its cultural and spiritual integrity when applied as a medical intervention.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

The ways of knowing, doing, and being in the world give meaning and motivation to collective and individual action and provide protocols for healthful living.

“the ways of knowing, doing, and being in the world (Martin et al., 2003) not only give meaning and motivation to collective and individual action but also provide protocols for healthful living.”

• cites Martin et al., 2003 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Few prevention intervention evidence-based interventions (EBIs) have been adequately adapted by and for Native communities and thus are not sufficiently culturally validated.

“few prevention intervention EBIs have been adequately adapted by and for Native communities and thus, are not sufficiently culturally validated (Lucero, 2016).”

• cites Lucero, 2016 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Simply indigenizing is insufficient if communities are not in control of the indigenizing processes and its goals, as these goals may directly conflict with western practices and epistemologies.

“Simply indigenizing is insufficient if communities are not in control of the indigenizing processes and its goals, as these goals may directly conflict with western practices and epistemologies.”

• cites Smith, 1999Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Getting re-connected to the body and the stories that bodies tell is an opportunity to restore relationships to the body, to the histories the body expresses, and to the mind and spirit that is integrally connected.

“Getting re-connected to the body and the stories that bodies tell is an opportunity to restore relationships not only to the body, but to the histories the body expresses, to the mind and spirit that is integrally connected.”

May combine two claims.

Native agencies tend to be dependent on funders that emphasize using unaltered EBIs, placing them in untenable situations where they risk loss of funding if they culturally tailor EBIs or loss of cultural credibility if they do not.

“because Native agencies tend to be dependent on funders that emphasize using unaltered EBI’s, they are placed in untenable situations where they risk loss of funding if they culturally tailor EBIs (Lucero, 2016) or loss of cultural credibility if they do not.”

• cites Lucero, 2016 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

For Native Hawaiians/Kānaka Maoli, traumatic events led to alienation from their beliefs, customs, and sovereignty, which has had significant physical, psychological, and social ramifications to this day.

“For Native Hawaiians/Kānaka Maoli, these series of traumatic events also led to the alienation of Kānaka Maoli from their “beliefs, customs, and sovereignty, which has had significant physical, psychological, and social ramifications…to this day.” (Kaholokula, 2007; p. 280).”

• cites Kaholokula, 2007Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Qasgiq was originally an intergenerational space providing for the physical, intellectual, and spiritual needs of the people.

“Qasgiq was originally an intergenerational space providing for the physical, intellectual and spiritual needs of the people.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

The complexity of living in modern times and in major cities demands recognizing the persistence of Indigenous peoples over 500 years of colonization and the survivance of Indigenous peoples in holding on to deep cultural threads of knowledge and practices that endure to this day.

“Moreover, the complexity of living in modern times and in major cities demands that we not only recognize the persistence of Indigenous peoples over 500 years of colonization, but the survivance (Vizenor, 2008) of Indigenous peoples in holding on to deep cultural threads of knowledge and practices that endure to this day (Nelson, 2008).”

• cites Nelson, 2008Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Protocols for living healthfully with the plant and animal world can be found in practices that tribal communities still utilize today.

“For example, protocols for living healthfully with the plant and animal world can be found in practices that tribal communities still utilize today.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Among the Maya, there is a fifth direction beyond the cardinal four directions, captured in their mantra "you are my other I"; everyone is a mirror of each other, and each is a unique window to the universe.

“Alarcón (2008) provides an example of the spatial aspects of relational worldviews among the Maya, who have a fifth direction beyond the cardinal four directions, as captured in their mantra which translates as “you are my other I;” everyone is a mirror of each other, and each is a “unique window to the universe.””

• cites Alarcón (2008)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Indigenist research recognizes Indigenous knowledges, worldviews, and realities as vital to continued survival and frames research within this perspective.

“Indigenist research recognizes Indigenous knowledges, worldviews, and realities as vital to continued survival and frames research within this perspective (Martin et al., 2003).”

• cites Martin et al., 2003 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Information and motivation synergistically act as tools to develop behavioral skills, which then ultimately improves health outcomes.

“Information and motivation synergistically act as tools to develop behavioral skills, which then, ultimately improves health outcomes.”

May combine two claims.

Without acknowledging the underlying deep epistemological and cosmological context that drives health and well-being in Native communities, additive cultural approaches may diminish the salience and power of Native cultural practices, reinforce stereotypes, and produce unintended individual and community iatrogenic effects leading to inadvertent colonization.

“without acknowledging the underlying deep epistemological and cosmological context that drives health and well-being in the Native community, which differ from Western worldviews, this approach may unknowingly diminish the salience and power of Native cultural practices. It can further reinforce stereotypes, while possibly producing unintended individual and community iatrogenic effects leading to”

• Also stated in: § Abstract · plain

  ““inadvertent colonization” (West et al, 2012).”

• cites West et al, 2012 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Indigenist research involves honoring Indigenous social norms and processes within their lived context, particularly their social, historical, and political context, and privileging Indigenous voices, lives, and experiences.

“It involves honoring Indigenous social norms and processes within their lived context, particularly their social, historical, and political context, and privileging Indigenous voices, lives, and experiences (Smith, 1999).”

• cites Smith, 1999Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

Indigenous Knowledge allows communities to thrive and is the basis for decision-making related to health.

“Indigenous Knowledge (IK) allows communities to thrive and is the basis for decision-making related to health.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Indigenous ways of knowing imagine a more healthful world for Native people and for all of humanity.

“Indigenous ways of knowing not only imagine a more healthful world for Native people, but for all of humanity.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Yappalli team is committed to conducting indigenist ICBPR processes throughout all phases of the research process in partnership and under the leadership of Choctaw practitioners, community leaders, and researchers.

“The Yappalli team is committed to conducting indigenist ICBPR processes throughout all phases of the research process and are done in partnership and under the leadership of Choctaw practitioners, community leaders, and researchers.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The process included interviewing key stakeholders in the community regarding needs around substance use.

“The process included interviewing key stakeholders (i.e., teachers, parents, community leaders, and children) in the community regarding needs around substance use.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Tribally based advisory board members reviewed data collection methods and development of three culturally adapted best-burn videos.

“Tribally based advisory board members also reviewed data collection methods (including air quality monitoring tools and methods), and the development of three short culturally adapted best-burn videos that included local Indigenous narrators, Indigenous language, and historical cultural stories of the role of fire and significance of smoke for ceremonial practices.”

May combine two claims.

An indigenizing linguistic approach was deeper than translating English words into Choctaw; it involved learning relational aspects of Choctaw words/concepts to wellbeing and healthful behaviors.

“An indigenizing linguistic approach was much deeper than simply translating English words into Choctaw, it involved learning relational aspects of Choctaw words/concepts to wellbeing and healthful behaviors.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

By incorporating Indigenous languages, we are re-indigenizing ourselves and embracing what Nelson (2008) terms intellectual sovereignty.

“By incorporating our languages, we are not only “re-indigenizing ourselves,” but also embracing what Nelson (2008) terms “intellectual sovereignty.””

• cites Nelson, 2008Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

CMCT acknowledges that many tribes have a circular worldview with constant flow and movement, so tailoring happens not only in planning but in implementation.

“CMCT acknowledges that many tribes have a circular worldview with constant flow and movement, so tailoring happens not only in the planning, but in the implementation of the intervention.”

• cites Patchell et al., 2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

ICBPR focuses on nurturing mutual respect for cultural protocols and practices in building healthful research partnerships with inclusion of Native scholars, community and cultural leaders, Elders, knowledge keepers, youth, and other stakeholders throughout all phases of research.

“ICBPR focuses on nurturing mutual respect for cultural protocols and practices in building healthful research partnerships (e.g., development of research protocol codes) with the inclusion of Native scholars, community and cultural leaders, Elders, knowledge keepers, youth (when appropriate), and other important stakeholders throughout all phases of research (Walters et al., 2009).”

• cites Walters et al., 2009 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Creative alternative possibilities can improve science and wellbeing by and for Native communities and simultaneously improve the science and wellbeing of all communities.

“These creative alternative possibilities not only can improve science and wellbeing by and for Native communities, but simultaneously improve the science and wellbeing of all communities.”

May combine two claims.

Little research exists on defining successful health interventions and how these may be generalizable to other tribal nations.

“Though indigenist research processes have been seen as viable and productive in these examples, little research exists on defining successful health interventions and how these may be generalizable to other tribal nations.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The process included identifying specific cultural use of talking circles and their utility within the specific culture and then modifying and implementing the intervention in diverse tribal communities.

“It further included identifying specific cultural use of talking circles and their utility within the specific culture and then modifying and implementing the intervention in diverse tribal communities,”

May combine two claims.

These projects illustrate the feasibility and process of situating Indigenous health interventions within a research framework guided by original instructions, relational restoration and narrative transformation strategies.

“Furthermore, these projects illustrate the feasibility and process of situating Indigenous health interventions within a research framework guided by original instructions, relational restoration and narrative transformation strategies.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The tribal advisory board was provided screenings of the videos for review.

“The tribal advisory board was provided screenings of the videos for review.”