The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The history of African trypanosomiasis
Open accessAbstract
The prehistory of African trypanosomiasis indicates that the disease may have been an important selective factor in the evolution of hominids. Ancient history and medieval history reveal that African trypanosomiasis affected the lives of people living in sub-Saharan African at all times. Modern history of African trypanosomiasis revolves around the identification of the causative agents and the mode of transmission of the infection, and the development of drugs for treatment and methods for control of the disease. From the recent history of sleeping sickness we can learn that the disease can be controlled but probably not be eradicated. Current history of human African trypanosomiasis has shown that the production of anti-sleeping sickness drugs is not always guaranteed, and therefore, new, better and cheaper drugs are urgently required.
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![Figure 1 Last section of the damaged Veterinary Papyrus of the Kahun Papyri about the cattle disease ushau dating from 2nd millennium BC. The translation reads as follows: (1) Title: Treatment of the eyes (?) of a bull with ushau in winter. (2) If you see a bull with ushau (3) in winter, and he is blinded (?), (4) his two eyes are thick; gash thou as (5) above. If you see a bull (6) with ushau in winter from cold, (7) since its arrival in (?) the summer, (8) his temples are wrinkled (?), his eyes are running, his stomach groaning (?), (9) he does not walk (?) .........(10) ............... (11) ............... (12) thou all his body with ......... as is done to one (13) with a bruise (?) [11].](/paper-figures/4165d5a5ba434fa7bbf8fdadc3d1216a/the-history-of-african-trypanosomiasis-figure-1.jpg)
![Figure 3 Number of reported cases of sleeping sickness and population screened, 1939–2004. Grey columns, number of reported cases; black circles, population screened. Data derived from [27,33].](/paper-figures/4de7739272414458bcf45a7fefa335f2/the-history-of-african-trypanosomiasis-figure-3.jpg)
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“Furthermore, during trypanosome infection, listlessness and emaciation are some of the clinical signs of the infection (Nantulya, 1986; Steverding, 2008; Noyes et al., 2011).”
From Identification of Candidate Signature Genes and Key Regulators Associated With Trypanotolerance in the Sheko Breed (2019) · cites this paper as Steverding, 2008
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Drugs and drug resistance in African trypanosomiasis
Delespaux, V., & de Koning, H. P. (2007) · Drug Resistance Updates · doi:10.1016/j.drup.2007.02.004 · Cited by 287
Pentamidine uptake and resistance in pathogenic protozoa: past, present and future
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The Papyrus Ebers; The Greatest Egyptian Medical Document
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The molecular phylogeny of trypanosomes: evidence for an early divergence of the Salivaria
Haag, J. (1998) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0166-6851(97)00185-0 · Cited by 185
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/2000.1 Chapter 8 – African trypanosomiasis WHO Report on Global Surveillance of Epidemic-prone Infectious Diseases 2000 World Health Organization 95 106
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Brun, R., Blum, J., Chappuis, F., & Burri, C. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60829-1 · Cited by 926
The importance of vector control for the control and elimination of vector-borne diseases
Wilson, A. L., Courtenay, O., Kelly‐Hope, L. A., Scott, T. W., Takken, W., Torr, S. J., & Lindsay, S. W. (2020) · PLoS neglected tropical diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007831 · Cited by 936
Büscher, P., Cecchi, G., Jamonneau, V., & Priotto, G. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31510-6 · Cited by 711
Steverding, D. (2017) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2028-5 · Cited by 502
Self-citationThe animal trypanosomiases and their chemotherapy: a review
Giordani, F., Morrison, L. J., ROWAN, T. G., de Koning, H. P., & Barrett, M. P. (2016) · Parasitology · doi:10.1017/s0031182016001268 · Cited by 449
Metadata
- Authors
- Steverding, D.
- Affiliations
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Steverding, Dietmar
- ORCID
- Steverding, Dietmar
- Venue
- Parasites & Vectors
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3
- ISSN
- 1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2270819
- OpenAlex
- W2117650737
- Cited by
- 470
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 7.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › History of Medicine and Tropical Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Historical Medical Research and Treatments
- Keywords
- sleeping sickness, history of medicine, hominid evolution, disease transmission, trypanosome identification, antitrypanosomal drugs, disease control, sub-Saharan Africa
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