Cited by 470Trypanosoma species research and implicationsHistory of Medicine and Tropical HealthHistorical Medical Research and Treatments

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The history of African trypanosomiasis

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Steverding, Dietmar·2008·Parasites & Vectors

DOI 10.1186/1756-3305-1-3PMC PMC2270819

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Abstract

The prehistory of African trypanosomiasis indicates that the disease may have been an important selective factor in the evolution of hominids. Ancient history and medieval history reveal that African trypanosomiasis affected the lives of people living in sub-Saharan African at all times. Modern history of African trypanosomiasis revolves around the identification of the causative agents and the mode of transmission of the infection, and the development of drugs for treatment and methods for control of the disease. From the recent history of sleeping sickness we can learn that the disease can be controlled but probably not be eradicated. Current history of human African trypanosomiasis has shown that the production of anti-sleeping sickness drugs is not always guaranteed, and therefore, new, better and cheaper drugs are urgently required.

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Figure 1 Last section of the damaged Veterinary Papyrus of the Kahun Papyri about the cattle disease ushau dating from 2nd millennium BC. The translation reads as follows: (1) Title: Treatment of the eyes (?) of a bull with ushau in winter. (2) If you see a bull with ushau (3) in winter, and he is blinded (?), (4) his two eyes are thick; gash thou as (5) above. If you see a bull (6) with ushau in winter from cold, (7) since its arrival in (?) the summer, (8) his temples are wrinkled (?), his eyes are running, his stomach groaning (?), (9) he does not walk (?) .........(10) ............... (11) ............... (12) thou all his body with ......... as is done to one (13) with a bruise (?) [11].CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2 Sir David Bruce (1855–1931). The Scottish bacteriologist identified T. brucei as the aetiological agent of nagana disease.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 3 Number of reported cases of sleeping sickness and population screened, 1939–2004. Grey columns, number of reported cases; black circles, population screened. Data derived from [27,33].CC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors: Steverding, D.
Affiliations: University of East Anglia (GB)
Corresponding author: Steverding, Dietmar
ORCID: Steverding, Dietmar
Venue: Parasites & Vectors
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2008
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Pages: 3
ISSN: 1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-1-3
PMC: PMC2270819
OpenAlex: W2117650737
Cited by: 470
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 7.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Trypanosoma species research and implications
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › History of Medicine and Tropical Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Historical Medical Research and Treatments
Keywords: sleeping sickness, history of medicine, hominid evolution, disease transmission, trypanosome identification, antitrypanosomal drugs, disease control, sub-Saharan Africa

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