The DOI matches its Crossref record; 100 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Human well-being impacts of terrestrial protected areas
Open accessAbstract
Establishing Protected Areas (PAs) is among the most common conservation interventions. Protecting areas from the threats posed by human activity will by definition inhibit some human actions. However, adverse impacts could be balanced by maintaining ecosystem services or introducing new livelihood options. Consequently there is an ongoing debate on whether the net impact of PAs on human well-being at local or regional scales is positive or negative. We report here on a systematic review of evidence for impacts on human well-being arising from the establishment and maintenance of terrestrial PAs. Following an a priori protocol, systematic searches were conducted for evidence of impacts of PAs post 1992. After article title screening, the review was divided into two separate processes; a qualitative synthesis of explanations and meaning of impact and a review of quantitative evidence of impact. Abstracts and full texts were assessed using inclusion criteria and conceptual models of potential impacts. Relevant studies were critically appraised and data extracted and sorted according to type of impact reported. No quantitative synthesis was possible with the evidence available. Two narrative syntheses were produced and their outputs compared in a metasynthesis. The qualitative evidence review mapped 306 articles and synthesised 34 that were scored as high quality. The quantitative evidence review critically appraised 79 studies and included 14 of low/medium susceptibility to bias. The meta-synthesis reveals that a range of factors can lead to reports of positive and negative impacts of PA establishment, and therefore might enable hypothesis generation regarding cause and effect relationships, but resulting hypotheses cannot be tested with the current available evidence. The evidence base provides a range of possible pathways of impact, both positive and negative, of PAs on human well-being but provides very little support for decision making on how to maximise positive impacts. The nature of the research reported to date forms a diverse and fragmented body of evidence unsuitable for the purpose of informing policy formation on how to achieve win-win outcomes for biodiversity and human well-being. To better assess the impacts of PAs on human well-being we make recommendations for improving research study design and reporting.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“None of the 84 grey literature articles identified by SR5 [28] were found within the exported Google Scholar search results (68 total records from title searches and 1,000 of a total 49,700 records from full text searches).”
From The role of google scholar in evidence reviews and its applicability to grey literature searching (2015) · cites this paper as [28]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“whereas such policies can sometimes lower welfare locally ( 77 , 78 ).”
From Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change (2019) · cites this paper as [77]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, conservation policies (including incentives) could also play out unequally.”
From Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change (2019) · cites this paper as [77]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“higher-income countries might contribute to the financing of environmental protection in lower-income countries but only to secure global benefits -such as the preservation of particular species and ecosystems, or carbon storage”
From Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change (2019) · cites this paper as [77]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119558378 · Cited by 9,799
Qualitative research in health care: Analysing qualitative data
Pope, C. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7227.114 · Cited by 8,131
Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches
Neuman, W. L. (1991) · Cited by 7,055
Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research
(2002) · Analyzing Qualitative Data · doi:10.4324/9780203413081-14 · Cited by 4,964
Gibbs, G. (2007) · doi:10.4135/9781849208574 · Cited by 4,299
Parks and Peoples: The Social Impact of Protected Areas
West, P., Igoe, J., & Brockington, D. (2006) · Annual Review of Anthropology · doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123308 · Cited by 1,584
Biodiversity Conservation and the Eradication of Poverty
Adams, W. M., Aveling, R., Brockington, D., Dickson, B., Elliott, J. E., Hutton, J. M., Roe, D., Vira, B., & Wolmer, W. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097920 · Cited by 1,395
Clarifying differences between review designs and methods
Gough, D., Thomas, J., & Oliver, S. (2012) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-1-28 · Cited by 1,063
Self-citationOne Hundred Questions of Importance to the Conservation of Global Biological Diversity
Sutherland, W. J., Adams, W. M., Aronson, R. B., Aveling, R., Blackburn, T. M., Broad, S., Ceballos, G., Côté, I. M., Cowling, R. M., da Fonseca, G. A. B., et al. (2009) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01212.x · Cited by 595
Self-citationExpansion of the global terrestrial protected area system
Jenkins, C. N., & Joppa, L. (2009) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.04.016 · Cited by 569
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change
Díaz, S., Settele, J., Brondízio, E. S., Ngo, H. T., Agard, J., Arneth, A., Balvanera, P., Brauman, K. A., Butchart, S. H. M., Chan, K. M. A., et al. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aax3100 · Cited by 2,926
The role of google scholar in evidence reviews and its applicability to grey literature searching
Haddaway, N. R., Collins, A. M., Coughlin, D., & Kirk, S. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138237 · Cited by 2,387
Self-citationHaddaway, N. R., Macura, B., Whaley, P., & Pullin, A. S. (2018) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-018-0121-7 · Cited by 946
Self-citationMaking literature reviews more reliable through application of lessons from systematic reviews
Haddaway, N. R., Woodcock, P., Macura, B., & Collins, A. (2015) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.12541 · Cited by 416
Self-citationMainstreaming Impact Evaluation in Nature Conservation
Baylis, K., Honey‐Rosés, J., Börner, J., Corbera, E., Ezzine‐de‐Blas, D., Ferraro, P. J., Lapeyre, R., Persson, U. M., Pfaff, A., & Wunder, S. (2015) · Conservation Letters · doi:10.1111/conl.12180 · Cited by 414
Evaluating the impacts of protected areas on human well-being across the developing world
Naidoo, R., Gerkey, D., Hole, D. G., Pfaff, A. S. P., Ellis, A. M., Golden, C. D. W., Herrera, D., Johnson, K., Mulligan, M. P., Ricketts, T. H., et al. (2019) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav3006 · Cited by 409
Brockington, D., & Wilkie, D. S. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0271 · Cited by 300
McKinnon, M., Cheng, S. H., Dupre, S. I., Edmond, J., Garside, R., Glew, L., Holland, M. B., Levine, E. B., Masuda, Y. J., Miller, D. C., et al. (2016) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-016-0058-7 · Cited by 263
Eight problems with literature reviews and how to fix them
Haddaway, N., Bethel, A. C., Dicks, L. V., Koricheva, J., Macura, B., Petrokofsky, G., Pullin, A. S., Savilaakso, S., & Stewart, G. B. (2020) · Nature Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1038/s41559-020-01295-x · Cited by 313
Self-citationGuiding principles for evaluating the impacts of conservation interventions on human well-being
Woodhouse, E., Homewood, K., Beauchamp, E., Clements, T., McCabe, J. T., Wilkie, D. S., & Milner‐Gulland, E. J. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0103 · Cited by 195
Ferraro, P. J., & Pressey, R. L. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0270 · Cited by 154
Jones, N., McGinlay, J., & Dimitrakopoulos, P. G. (2017) · Environmental Impact Assessment Review · doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2016.12.007 · Cited by 146
Haddaway, N., Kohl, C., da Silva, N. R., Schiemann, J., Spök, A., Stewart, R. J., Sweet, J. B., & Wilhelm, R. (2017) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-017-0089-8 · Cited by 144
Self-citationGlobal Ecology and Conservation
Corlett, R. (2014) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2015.12.001 · Cited by 98
Protected area co-management and perceived livelihood impacts
Ward, C., Stringer, L. C., & Holmes, G. (2018) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.018 · Cited by 141
A rapid method to increase transparency and efficiency in web-based searches
Haddaway, N. R., Collins, A. M., Coughlin, D., & Kirk, S. (2017) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-016-0079-2 · Cited by 129
Self-citation(3ie), I. I. F. I. E., White, H., Phillips, D., & (3ie), I. I. F. I. E. (2012) · doi:10.23846/wp0015 · Cited by 119
Modelling Local Attitudes to Protected Areas in Developing Countries
Bragagnolo, C., Malhado, A. C. M., Jepson, P. R., & Ladle, R. J. (2016) · Conservation and Society · doi:10.4103/0972-4923.191161 · Cited by 113
Social Synergies, Tradeoffs, and Equity in Marine Conservation Impacts
Gill, D., Cheng, S. H., Glew, L., Aigner, E., Bennett, N. J., & Mascia, M. B. (2019) · Annual Review of Environment and Resources · doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-110718-032344 · Cited by 114
The mismeasure of conservation
Pressey, R. L., Visconti, P., McKinnon, M., Gurney, G. G., Barnes, M. D., Glew, L., & Maron, M. (2021) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2021.06.008 · Cited by 115
Sustainability: Map the evidence
McKinnon, M. C., Cheng, S. H., Garside, R., Masuda, Y. J., & Miller, D. C. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/528185a · Cited by 104
Arnaiz‐Schmitz, C., Schmitz, M. F., Herrero‐Jáuregui, C., Angonese, J. G., Pineda, F. D., & Montes, C. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.215 · Cited by 104
Through what mechanisms do protected areas affect environmental and social outcomes?
Ferraro, P. J., & Hanauer, M. M. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0267 · Cited by 107
Impacts of land-use change on sacred forests at the landscape scale
Desissa, D., & Healey, J. R. (2015) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2014.12.009 · Cited by 96
Self-citationCooke, S. J., Birnie‐Gauvin, K., Lennox, R. J., Taylor, J. J., Rytwinski, T., Rummer, J. L., Franklin, C. E., Bennett, J., & Haddaway, N. (2017) · Conservation Physiology · doi:10.1093/conphys/cox043 · Cited by 101
Self-citationAnaya, F. C., & do Espírito-Santo, M. M. (2018) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-09850-230108 · Cited by 95
A novel framework for analyzing conservation impacts: evaluation, theory, and marine protected areas
Mascia, M. B., Fox, H., Glew, L., Ahmadia, G. N., Agrawal, A., Barnes, M. D., Basurto, X., Craigie, I. D., Darling, E. S., Geldmann, J., et al. (2017) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13428 · Cited by 97
A systematic map of evidence on the contribution of forests to poverty alleviation
Cheng, S. H., MacLeod, K., Ahlroth, S., Onder, S., Perge, E., Shyamsundar, P., Rana, P., Garside, R., Kristjanson, P., McKinnon, M., et al. (2019) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-019-0148-4 · Cited by 98
Who bears the cost of forest conservation?
Poudyal, M., Jones, J. P. G., Rakotonarivo, O. S., Hockley, N. J., Gibbons, J., Mandimbiniaina, R., Rasoamanana, A., Andrianantenaina, N. S., & Ramamonjisoa, B. (2018) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.5106 · Cited by 91
Self-citationGurney, G. G., Pressey, R. L., Cinner, J. E., Pollnac, R. Β., & Campbell, S. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0277 · Cited by 87
Approaches Used to Evaluate the Social Impacts of Protected Areas
de Lange, E., Woodhouse, E., & Milner‐Gulland, E. J. (2015) · Conservation Letters · doi:10.1111/conl.12223 · Cited by 77
Macura, B., Secco, L., & Pullin, A. S. (2015) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-015-0051-6 · Cited by 77
Self-citationWhat Are the Effects of Agricultural Management on Soil Organic Carbon in Boreo-Temperate Systems?
Haddaway, N. R., Hedlund, K., Jackson, L. E., Kätterer, T., Lugato, E., Thomsen, I. K., Jørgensen, H. B., & Söderström, B. (2015) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-015-0049-0 · Cited by 74
Self-citationThorn, J., Klein, J. A., Steger, C., Hopping, K. A., Capitani, C., Tucker, C. M., Nolin, A. W., Reid, R. S., Seidl, R., Chitale, V. S., et al. (2020) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-11608-250306 · Cited by 79
Perceived barriers to and drivers of community participation in protected‐area governance
Ward, C., Holmes, G., & Stringer, L. C. (2017) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.13000 · Cited by 84
Salerno, J., Mulder, M. B., Grote, M. N., Ghiselli, M. E., & Packer, C. (2015) · Oryx · doi:10.1017/s0030605315000393 · Cited by 69
Huber, J. M., Newig, J., & Loos, J. (2023) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117593 · Cited by 86
Mahajan, S. L., Jagadish, A., Glew, L., Ahmadia, G. N., Becker, H., Fidler, R. Y., Jeha, L., Mills, M., Cox, C., DeMello, N., et al. (2020) · Conservation Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/csp2.299 · Cited by 67
Impact of Tanzania’s Wildlife Management Areas on household wealth
Keane, A. M., Lund, J. F., Bluwstein, J., Burgess, N. D., Nielsen, M. R., & Homewood, K. (2019) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0458-0 · Cited by 66
Beauchamp, E., Clements, T., & Milner‐Gulland, E. J. (2017) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.08.008 · Cited by 61
Bottrill, M. C., Cheng, S. H., Garside, R., Wongbusarakum, S., Roe, D., Holland, M. B., Edmond, J., & Turner, W. R. (2014) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/2047-2382-3-16 · Cited by 60
Martinez‐Harms, M. J., Bryan, B. A., Wood, S. A., Fisher, D. M., Law, E. A., Rhodes, J. R., Dobbs, C., Biggs, D., & Wilson, K. A. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.353 · Cited by 68
Macura, B., Suškevičs, M., Garside, R., Hannes, K., Rees, R. W., & Rodela, R. (2019) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-019-0168-0 · Cited by 74
A comparative approach to assess drivers of success in mammalian conservation recovery programs
Crees, J. J., Collins, A. C., Stephenson, P. J., Meredith, H. M. R., Young, R. P., Howe, C., Price, M. R. S., & Turvey, S. T. (2015) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.12652 · Cited by 64
Cheng, S. H., Ahlroth, S., Onder, S., Shyamsundar, P., Garside, R., Kristjanson, P., McKinnon, M., & Miller, D. C. (2017) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-017-0088-9 · Cited by 51
Cerutti, P., Sola, P., Chenevoy, A., Iiyama, M., Yila, J. O., Zhou, W. L., Djoudi, H., Atyi, R. E. '., Gautier, D., Gumbo, D., et al. (2015) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-015-0038-3 · Cited by 49
Protected areas to deliver biodiversity need management effectiveness and equity
Zafra‐Calvo, N., & Geldmann, J. (2020) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01026 · Cited by 54
Systematic reviews: Separating fact from fiction
Haddaway, N., & Bilotta, G. S. (2015) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.07.011 · Cited by 45
Self-citationRethinking entrenched narratives about protected areas and human wellbeing in the Global South
Woodhouse, E., Bedelian, C., Barnes, P., García, G. S. C., Dawson, N. M., Gross‐Camp, N. D., Homewood, K., Jones, J. P. G., Martin, A., Morgera, E., et al. (2022) · UCL Open Environment · doi:10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000050 · Cited by 50
Self-citationThe impact of protected areas on the rural households’ incomes in Ethiopia
Estifanos, T. K., Polyakov, M., Pandit, R., Hailu, A., & Burton, M. P. (2019) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104349 · Cited by 46
Reconciling conservation and development in protected areas of the Global South
Loos, J. (2021) · Basic and Applied Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.baae.2021.04.005 · Cited by 44
Chaplin‐Kramer, R., Neugarten, R., González-Jiménez, D., Ahmadia, G. N., Baird, T. D., Crane, N. L., Delgoulet, E., Eyster, H. N., Kurashima, N., Llopis, J. C., et al. (2023) · Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2023.101347 · Cited by 41
Petrokofsky, G., Sist, P. L. J., Blanc, L., Doucet, J., Finegan, B., Gourlet‐Fleury, S., Healey, J. R., Livoreil, B., Nasi, R., Peña‐Claros, M., et al. (2015) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-015-0034-7 · Cited by 41
Self-citationThe role of location and social impacts of protected areas on subjective wellbeing
Jones, N., Malesios, C., Kantartzis, A., & Dimitrakopoulos, P. G. (2020) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/abb96e · Cited by 40
Mangano, M. C., & Sarà, G. (2016) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.013 · Cited by 39
A call for better reporting of conservation research data for use in meta‐analyses
Haddaway, N. (2015) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.12449 · Cited by 39
Self-citationFarmers' Preferences and Social Capital Regarding Agri‐environmental Schemes to Protect Birds
Allo, M. D., Loureiro, M. L., & Iglesias, E. (2015) · Journal of Agricultural Economics · doi:10.1111/1477-9552.12104 · Cited by 41
Do protected areas increase household income? Evidence from a Meta-Analysis
Kandel, P., Pandit, R., White, B., & Polyakov, M. (2022) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106024 · Cited by 38
Analyse phytogéographique des forêts d’Afrique Centrale: le cas du massif de Ngovayang (Cameroun)
Gonmadje, C. F., Doumenge, C., Sunderland, T., Balinga, M. P. B., & Sonké, B. (2012) · Plant Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.5091/plecevo.2012.573 · Cited by 37
Jiménez, E., Waddington, H. S., Goel, N., Prost, A., Pullin, A. S., White, H., Lahiri, S., & Narain, A. (2018) · Journal of Development Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19439342.2018.1534875 · Cited by 47
Self-citationCost–Benefit Analysis: A Decision-Support Tool or a Venue for Contesting Ecosystem Knowledge?
Hockley, N. (2014) · Environment and Planning C Government and Policy · doi:10.1068/c1384j · Cited by 45
Self-citationCockerill, K. A., & Hagerman, S. (2020) · Ecology and Society · doi:10.5751/es-11409-250215 · Cited by 35
Llopis, J. C., Diebold, C. L., Schneider, F., Harimalala, P. C., Patrick, L., Messerli, P., & Zaehringer, J. G. (2020) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2019.00126 · Cited by 41
Analysis of Priority Conservation Areas Using Habitat Quality Models and MaxEnt Models
Jeong, A., Kim, M., & Lee, S.-D. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14111680 · Cited by 33
Rasolofoson, R., Nielsen, M. R., & Jones, J. P. G. (2018) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.12.032 · Cited by 33
Self-citationBrenes, C. L. M., Jones, K. W., Schlesinger, P., Robalino, J., & Vierling, L. A. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205964 · Cited by 34
Waddington, H. S., & Cairncross, S. (2021) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/cl2.1135 · Cited by 38
The Canadian context for evidence-based conservation and environmental management
Cooke, S. J., Rice, J. C., Prior, K. A., Bloom, R. G., Jensen, O. P., Browne, D. R., Donaldson, L., Bennett, J., Vermaire, J. C., & Auld, G. A. (2016) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-016-0065-8 · Cited by 32
Brooks, W. R., Rudd, M. E., Cheng, S. H., Silliman, B. R., Gill, D., Ahmadia, G. N., Andradi‐Brown, D. A., Glew, L., & Campbell, L. M. (2020) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-020-00193-w · Cited by 34
Conservation planning for people and nature in a Chilean biodiversity hotspot
Martinez‐Harms, M. J., Wilson, K. A., Costa, M. D. D. P., Possingham, H. P., Gelcich, S., Chauvenet, A. L. M., Pliscoff, P., Marquet, P. A., & Bryan, B. A. (2021) · People and Nature · doi:10.1002/pan3.10200 · Cited by 37
International funding agencies: potential leaders of impact evaluation in protected areas?
Craigie, I. D., Barnes, M. D., Geldmann, J., & Woodley, S. J. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0283 · Cited by 32
Miller, D. C., Rana, P., & Wahlén, C. B. (2017) · Environment and Society · doi:10.3167/ares.2017.080103 · Cited by 33
Thorn, J., Juffe‐Bignoli, D., Mwangi, B., & Marchant, R. (2022) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-022-01771-y · Cited by 30
Qian, D., Zhang, B., Cai, X., & Morrison, A. M. (2021) · Land · doi:10.3390/land10101019 · Cited by 27
Zafra‐Calvo, N., & Moreno‐Peñaranda, R. (2017) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.065 · Cited by 27
Ochieng, N. T., Elizabeth, K., & Nigel, L.-W. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253234 · Cited by 23
Thorn, J., Friedman, R., Benz, D., Willis, K. J., & Petrokofsky, G. (2016) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-016-0064-9 · Cited by 27
Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve (Biscay, Spain): Conservation against development?
Castillo-Eguskitza, N., Rescia, A. J., & Onaindia, M. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.076 · Cited by 25
Heinen, J. T., Guzman, A., & Sah, J. (2020) · Conservation and Society · doi:10.4103/cs.cs_19_46 · Cited by 22
Fromont, C., Carrière, S. M., Bédécarrats, F., Razafindrakoto, M., & Roubaud, F. (2024) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110434 · Cited by 24
Economic development and agriculture: Managing protected areas and safeguarding the environment
Donia, E., Mineo, A. M., Mascali, F., & Sgroi, F. (2017) · Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.04.010 · Cited by 22
Conservation needs a COVID-19 bailout
McCleery, R. A., Fletcher, R. J., Kruger, L. M., Govender, D., & Ferreira, S. M. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abd2854 · Cited by 22
O’Leary, B. C., Copping, J. P., Mukherjee, N., Dorning, S. L., Stewart, B. D., McKinley, E., Addison, P., Williams, C., Carpenter, G., Righton, D. A., et al. (2021) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-021-00227-x · Cited by 20
Moore, M. R., Alpaugh, M., Razafindrina, K., Trubek, A., & Niles, M. T. (2022) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2022.929308 · Cited by 21
Gama, G. M., Malhado, A. C. M., Bragagnolo, C., Correia, R. A., & Ladle, R. J. (2015) · Journal for Nature Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.jnc.2015.10.005 · Cited by 21
Miller, D. C., Minn, M., & SINSIN, B. A. (2015) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/115001 · Cited by 21
Mojo, D., Oduor, A. M. O., Fu, C., Bai, Y., Long, H., Wang, G., & Zhang, L. (2020) · People and Nature · doi:10.1002/pan3.10123 · Cited by 20
Moyo, F., Funk, S., & Pretzsch, J. (2017) · Tropical Conservation Science · doi:10.1177/1940082917744167 · Cited by 20
Understanding Livelihoods for Protected Area Management: Insights from Northern Madagascar
Vezina, B. I., Ranaivoson, A., Razafimanahaka, J. H., Andriafidison, D., Andrianirina, H., Ahamadi, K., Rabearivony, J., & Gardner, C. E. (2020) · Conservation and Society · doi:10.4103/cs.cs_19_144 · Cited by 21
Bluwstein, J., Homewood, K., Lund, J. F., Nielsen, M. R., Burgess, N. D., Msuha, M. J., Olila, J., Sankeni, S. S., Millia, S. K., Laizer, H., et al. (2018) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.87 · Cited by 19
Reinke, H., König, H. J., Keuling, O., Kuemmerle, T., & Kiffner, C. (2021) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.8347 · Cited by 17
Chidakel, A., & Child, B. A. (2022) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106252 · Cited by 21
He, X., & Wei, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1261265 · Cited by 32
Re-Building Communities: Voluntary Resettlement From Protected Areas in India
Karanth, K. K., Kudalkar, S., & Jain, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2018.00183 · Cited by 21
Human Communities in Protected Natural Areas and Biodiversity Conservation
Olmos-Martínez, E., Romero-Schmidt, H., Blázquez, M. C., Arias-González, C., & Ortega‐Rubio, A. (2022) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d14060441 · Cited by 21
Indigenous perspective to inform rights-based conservation in a protected area of Panama
Pelletier, J., Gélinas, N., & Potvin, C. (2019) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.01.027 · Cited by 17
Causal inference in environmental conservation: The role of institutions
Sills, E. O., & Jones, K. W. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/bs.hesenv.2018.09.001 · Cited by 19
Harker, A. L., Stojanovic, T. A., Majalia, A., Jackson, C. H. W., Baya, S., & Tsiganyiu, K. D. (2022) · Coastal Management · doi:10.1080/08920753.2022.2126266 · Cited by 16
Global disparities in wellbeing from green infrastructure cooling services: A systematic review
Han, R. L., Marchant, R., & Thorn, J. (2024) · Urban forestry & urban greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2024.128372 · Cited by 15
Nabout, J. C., Tessarolo, G., Pinheiro, G. H. B., Márquez, L. A. M., & de Carvalho, R. A. (2021) · Global Ecology and Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01958 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Pullin, A. S., Bangpan, M., Dalrymple, S., Dickson, K., Haddaway, N. R., Healey, J. R., Hauari, H., Hockley, N., Jones, J. P. G., Knight, T., Vigurs, C., & Oliver, S.
- Affiliations
- Bangor University (GB)
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Pullin, Andrew S
- ORCID
- Venue
- Environmental Evidence
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 19
- ISSN
- 2047-2382 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2168684543
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 11.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Environmental Evidence (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Bangor University Research Portal (Bangor University) (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Bangor University Research Portal (Bangor University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Socioeconomics of Resources and Conservation
- Keywords
- protected areas, terrestrial protected areas, human well-being, conservation impacts, ecosystem services, livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, conservation policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
