Biology and therapy of fibromyalgia. Stress, the stress response system, and fibromyalgia
Open accessAbstract
Stress is a state of disharmony, or threatened homeostasis. A stressor could have a psychological origin or a biological origin. Societies have become more intricate with industrialization, and modern individuals try to adapt to the new defiance by forcing their stress response system. The main component of the stress response network is the autonomic nervous system. The present article reviews current knowledge on autonomic dysfunction in fibromyalgia. Sympathetic hyperactivity has been consistently described by diverse groups of investigators. Fibromyalgia is proposed to be a sympathetically maintained neuropathic pain syndrome, and genomic data support this contention. Autonomic dysfunction may also explain other fibromyalgia features not related to pain.
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The model is in tune with a bulk of data suggesting a role of HPA and HPG axes in FM pathogenesis.
“Third, it is in tune with a bulk of data suggesting a role of HPA and HPG axes in FM pathogenesis [10–17]”
From Fibromyalgia pathogenesis explained by a neuroendocrine multistable model (2024) · cites this paper as [12]
The Introduction (page unavailable) identifies the HPA axis as a component of the stress-response system and says dysfunction of that system may contribute to fibromyalgia pathogenesis. The paper’s proposal and evidence focus on autonomic dysfunction, however, and our copy does not address a role for the HPG axis. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBoth acute stress and chronic stress have been shown to exacerbate the symptoms of fibromyalgia.
“Both acute stress, such as that experienced during traumatic events and chronic stress, such as ongoing conflict or socioeconomic hardships, have been shown to exacerbate the symptoms of fibromyalgia (McEwen 2005; Martinez‐Lavin 2007; Lahat‐Birka et al. 2024).”
From Physical and Mental Health of Fibromyalgia Patients Following October 7th Attack and the Ensuing Military Conflict: A Cross-Sectional Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Martinez‐Lavin 2007
The section “Fibromyalgia as a sympathetically maintained pain syndrome” reports higher rates of physical or emotional trauma before symptom onset, while the Conclusion proposes a role for stressful lifestyles in fibromyalgia’s development. Neither passage shows that both acute and chronic stress exacerbate symptoms in people who already have fibromyalgia; the claim presents that more specific effect as established. (LLM, conf=0.79)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFibromyalgia is a stress-related disorder.
“Third, there is evidence that FM is a stress-related disorder [12].”
From Fibromyalgia pathogenesis explained by a neuroendocrine multistable model (2024) · cites this paper as [12]
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Fibromyalgia in women: somatisation or stress-evoked, sex-dimorphic neuropathic pain?
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The role of the vagus nerve in fibromyalgia syndrome
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The relationship between childhood adversities and fibromyalgia in the general population
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Autonomic dysfunction and HPV immunization: an overview
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The Role of Antipsychotics in the Management of Fibromyalgia
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Management of Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Review of Evidence
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Treatment options and patient perspectives in the management of fibromyalgia: future trends
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Pain is a salient “stressor” that is mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptors
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Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy promotes nociceptive sensitivity of deep tissue in rats
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Etiopathogenetic mechanisms of fibromyalgia syndrome
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Complex Adaptive Systems Allostasis in Fibromyalgia
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The relationship between fibromyalgia, stress and depression
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Catecholamines and heart rate in female fibromyalgia patients
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Dorsal root ganglia, sodium channels, and fibromyalgia sympathetic pain
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Role of sympathetic nervous system in rat model of chronic visceral pain
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Catecholamine and Indolamine Pathway: A Case–Control Study in Fibromyalgia
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Physical Trauma and Infection as Precipitating Factors in Patients with Fibromyalgia
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Diet and Lifestyle Modifications for Fibromyalgia
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The Association Between Chronic Pain and Cardiac Disease
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A Mechanism-Based Approach to Prevention of and Therapy for Fibromyalgia
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Exploring Genetic Susceptibility to Fibromyalgia
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Not just sensitization: sympathetic mechanisms contribute to expand experimental referred pain
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- Authors
- Martinez-Lavin, M.
- Venue
- Arthritis Research & Therapy
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 216
- ISSN
- 1478-6354 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2206360
- OpenAlex
- W2051173145
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Arthritis Research & Therapy (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- fibromyalgia, stress, stress system, autonomic dysfunction, sympathetic hyperactivity, sympathetically maintained pain, neuropathic pain, autonomic nervous system, homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Fibromyalgia, Homeostasis, Humans, Stress, Physiological, Sympathetic Nervous System
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