The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The protamine family of sperm nuclear proteins
Open accessAbstract
The protamines are a diverse family of small arginine-rich proteins that are synthesized in the late-stage spermatids of many animals and plants and bind to DNA, condensing the spermatid genome into a genetically inactive state. Vertebrates have from one to 15 protamine genes per haploid genome, which are clustered together on the same chromosome. Comparison of protamine gene and amino-acid sequences suggests that the family evolved from specialized histones through protamine-like proteins to the true protamines. Structural elements present in all true protamines are a series of arginine-rich DNA-anchoring domains (often containing a mixture of arginine and lysine residues in non-mammalian protamines) and multiple phosphorylation sites. The two protamines found in mammals, P1 and P2, are the most widely studied. P1 packages sperm DNA in all mammals, whereas protamine P2 is present only in the sperm of primates, many rodents and a subset of other placental mammals. P2, but not P1, is synthesized as a precursor that undergoes proteolytic processing after binding to DNA and also binds a zinc atom, the function of which is not known. P1 and P2 are phosphorylated soon after their synthesis, but after binding to DNA most of the phosphate groups are removed and cysteine residues are oxidized, forming disulfide bridges that link the protamines together. Both P1 and P2 have been shown to be required for normal sperm function in primates and many rodents.
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Citations
Cites
Protamines and male infertility
Oliva, R. (2006) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dml009 · Cited by 802
Haploinsufficiency of protamine-1 or -2 causes infertility in mice
Cho, C., Willis, W. D., Goulding, E. H., Jung-Ha, H., Choi, Y.-C., Hecht, N. B., & Eddy, E. M. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0501-82 · Cited by 544
Sequence-Specific Packaging of DNA in Human Sperm Chromatin
Gatewood, J. M., Cook, G. R., Balhorn, R., Bradbury, E. M., & Schmid, C. W. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3576213 · Cited by 383
Self-citationStructural and transcriptional features of the mouse spermatid genome.
Kierszenbaum, A. L., & Tres, L. L. (1975) · The Journal of cell biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.65.2.258 · Cited by 383
Protamine 2 Deficiency Leads to Sperm DNA Damage and Embryo Death in Mice1
Cho, C., Jung-Ha, H., Willis, W. D., Goulding, E. H., Stein, P., Xu, Z., Schultz, R. M., Hecht, N. B., & Eddy, E. M. (2003) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.102.015115 · Cited by 367
The Structural Organization of Sperm Chromatin
Wykes, S. M., & Krawetz, S. A. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m304545200 · Cited by 330
Protamine-Induced Condensation and Decondensation of the Same DNA Molecule
Brewer, L. R., Corzett, M., & Balhorn, R. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.286.5437.120 · Cited by 262
Self-citationAoki, V. W., Emery, B. R., Liu, L., & Carrell, D. T. (2006) · Journal of Andrology · doi:10.2164/jandrol.106.000703 · Cited by 239
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DNA and total protamine masses in individual sperm from fertile mammalian subjects
Bench, G., Friz, A. M., Corzett, M., Morse, D. H., & Balhorn, R. (1996) · Cytometry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19960401)23:4<263::aid-cyto1>3.0.co;2-i · Cited by 184
Self-citation
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Disruption of histone methylation in developing sperm impairs offspring health transgenerationally
Siklenka, K., Erkek, S., Godmann, M., Lambrot, R., McGraw, S., Lafleur, C., Cohen, T., Xia, J., Suderman, M., Hallett, M., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aab2006 · Cited by 521
Faulk, C., & Dolinoy, D. C. (2011) · Epigenetics · doi:10.4161/epi.6.7.16209 · Cited by 386
EpiFactors: a comprehensive database of human epigenetic factors and complexes
Medvedeva, Y. A., Lennartsson, A., Ehsani, R., Kulakovskiy, I. V., Vorontsov, I. E., Panahandeh, P., Khimulya, G., Kasukawa, T., The FANTOM Consortium, & Drabløs, F. (2015) · Database · doi:10.1093/database/bav067 · Cited by 298
The sperm epigenome and potential implications for the developing embryo
Jenkins, T. G., & Carrell, D. T. (2012) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-11-0450 · Cited by 232
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Metadata
- Authors
- Balhorn, R.
- Venue
- Genome Biology
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 227
- ISSN
- 1465-6906 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2103336074
- Cited by
- 773
- References
- 35
- FWCI
- 14.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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