The neuropharmacology of upper airway motor control in the awake and asleep states: implications for obstructive sleep apnoea

Horner, Richard L

doi:10.1186/rr71

Cited by 82Obstructive Sleep Apnea ResearchNeuroscience of respiration and sleepRespiratory and Cough-Related Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The neuropharmacology of upper airway motor control in the awake and asleep states: implications for obstructive sleep apnoea

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Horner, Richard L·2001·Respiratory Research

DOI 10.1186/rr71PMC PMC59518

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Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnoea is a common and serious breathing problem that is caused by effects of sleep on pharyngeal muscle tone in individuals with narrow upper airways. There has been increasing focus on delineating the brain mechanisms that modulate pharyngeal muscle activity in the awake and asleep states in order to understand the pathogenesis of obstructive apnoeas and to develop novel neurochemical treatments. Although initial clinical studies have met with only limited success, it is proposed that more rational and realistic approaches may be devised for neurochemical modulation of pharyngeal muscle tone as the relevant neurotransmitters and receptors that are involved in sleep-dependent modulation are identified following basic experiments.

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Monosynaptic projections from several brain structures to hypoglossal motor control have been shown in animal models.
“Monosynaptic projections from various brain structures have been shown in animal models including locus coeruleus (adrenergic), lateral dorsal/pedunculopontine tegmentum (cholinergic), and hypothalamic (orexinergic) and raphe neurons (serotonergic) among others.”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [403]
The section on serotonin and pharyngeal motor control describes medullary raphé neurons projecting to the hypoglossal motor nucleus, and the sleep-related suppression section describes inputs from the locus coeruleus complex. But the paper does not establish that these projections are monosynaptic or describe hypothalamic orexinergic projections; its Figure 2 instead places the cholinergic LDT/PPT input at the pontine reticular formation, not directly at hypoglossal motor neurons. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Neurochemical targets may allow augmentation of hypoglossal motor output and affect genioglossus activity.
“These neurochemical targets may allow augmentation of hypoglossal motor output and effect genioglossus activity.”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [403]

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Authors: Horner, R. L.
Affiliations: University of Toronto (CA)
Corresponding author: Horner, Richard L
ORCID: Horner, Richard L
Venue: Respiratory Research
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2001-08-10
Volume: 2
Issue: 5
Pages: 286-94
ISSN: 1465-9921 (ISSN-L)
1465-993X
DOI: 10.1186/rr71
PMC: PMC59518
OpenAlex: W2102317460
Cited by: 82
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 0.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Respiratory Research (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea, neurotransmitters, neurotransmitter receptors, upper airway narrowing
MeSH terms: Animals, Humans, Muscle Tonus, Pharyngeal Muscles, Respiratory Muscles, Respiratory System, Sleep, Wakefulness, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

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The neuropharmacology of upper airway motor control in the awake and asleep states: implications for obstructive sleep apnoea

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