Revolutionizing radiotherapy: gold nanoparticles with polyphenol coating as novel enhancers in breast cancer cells—an in vitro study
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, with over 1 million new cases and around 400,000 deaths annually worldwide. This makes it a significant and costly global health challenge. Standard treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy, often used after mastectomy, show varying effectiveness based on the cancer subtype. Combining these treatments can improve outcomes, though radiotherapy faces limitations such as radiation resistance and low selectivity for malignant cells. Nanotechnologies, especially metallic nanoparticles (NPs), hold promise for enhancing radiotherapy. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are particularly notable due to their high atomic number, which enhances radiation damage through the photoelectric effect. Studies shown that AuNPs can act as effective radiosensitizers, improving tumor damage during radiotherapy increasing the local radiation dose delivered. Traditional AuNPs synthesis methods involve harmful chemicals and extreme conditions, posing health risks. Green synthesis methods using plant extracts offer a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative. This study investigates the synthesis of AuNPs using Laurus nobilis leaf extract and their potential as radiosensitizers in breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7). These cells were exposed to varying doses of X-ray irradiation, and the study assessed cell viability, morphological changes and DNA damage. The results showed that green-synthesized AuNPs significantly enhanced the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy at lower radiation doses, indicating their potential as a valuable addition to breast cancer treatment.
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High-Z nanoparticles enhance ROS generation by increasing local energy deposition and secondary electron emission, thereby amplifying free radical formation and oxidative stress following irradiation.
“High-Z nanoparticles enhance ROS generation by increasing local energy deposition and secondary electron emission, thereby amplifying free radical formation and oxidative stress following irradiation [9,10,86,88,102,103].”
From Nanoparticle-Mediated Radiosensitization in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Evidence and Translational Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [102]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says gold’s high atomic number enhances radiation damage through the photoelectric effect and emission of short-range Auger electrons. The Results and discussion (page unavailable) suggests that coated nanoparticles may generate redox species under irradiation, but does not establish the claimed chain from local energy deposition and secondary electrons to increased ROS, free radicals, and oxidative stress. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Tarantino, S., Bianco, A., Cascione, M., Carlà, A., Fiamà, L., Di Corato, R., Giotta, L., Pellegrino, P., Caricato, A. P., Rinaldi, R., & De Matteis, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Salento (IT)
- Ospedale Vito Fazzi (IT)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Discover Nano
- Published
- 2025-01-15
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-10
- ISSN
- 2731-9229 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11735827
- OpenAlex
- W4406398439
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4
- FWCI
- 6.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Discover Nano (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- AIRUS (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation
- Keywords
- gold nanoparticles, radiosensitizers, breast cancer, green synthesis, polyphenols, MCF-7 cells, X-ray irradiation, DNA damage, cell viability, radioresistance (biology), nanoparticle synthesis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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