The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Accurate pesticide use data are essential when studying the environmental and public health impacts of pesticide use. Since the mid-1990s, significant changes have occurred in when and how glyphosate herbicides are applied, and there has been a dramatic increase in the total volume applied. METHODS: Data on glyphosate applications were collected from multiple sources and integrated into a dataset spanning agricultural, non-agricultural, and total glyphosate use from 1974-2014 in the United States, and from 1994-2014 globally. RESULTS: Since 1974 in the U.S., over 1.6 billion kilograms of glyphosate active ingredient have been applied, or 19 % of estimated global use of glyphosate (8.6 billion kilograms). Globally, glyphosate use has risen almost 15-fold since so-called "Roundup Ready," genetically engineered glyphosate-tolerant crops were introduced in 1996. Two-thirds of the total volume of glyphosate applied in the U.S. from 1974 to 2014 has been sprayed in just the last 10 years. The corresponding share globally is 72 %. In 2014, farmers sprayed enough glyphosate to apply ~1.0 kg/ha (0.8 pound/acre) on every hectare of U.S.-cultivated cropland and nearly 0.53 kg/ha (0.47 pounds/acre) on all cropland worldwide. CONCLUSIONS: Genetically engineered herbicide-tolerant crops now account for about 56 % of global glyphosate use. In the U.S., no pesticide has come remotely close to such intensive and widespread use. This is likely the case globally, but published global pesticide use data are sparse. Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts. Accurate, accessible time-series data on glyphosate use will accelerate research progress.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
International Agency for Research on Cancer
National Cancer Institute (2020) · Definitions · doi:10.32388/pfg7jq · Cited by 9,394
The United States Department of Agriculture
True, A. C. (1912) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/000271621204000113 · Cited by 5,104
Glyphosate: a once‐in‐a‐century herbicide
Duke, S. O., & Powles, S. B. (2008) · Pest Management Science · doi:10.1002/ps.1518 · Cited by 1,821 · cited 1×
“John Franz, identified the herbicidal activity of glyphosate in 1970, and a formulated end-use product called Roundup was first sold commercially by Monsanto in 1974 [2].”
BackgroundMyers, J. P., Antoniou, M. N., Blumberg, B., Carroll, L., Colborn, T., Everett, L. G., Hansen, M., Landrigan, P. J., Lanphear, B. P., Mesnage, R., et al. (2016) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-016-0117-0 · Cited by 907
Self-citationFate of glyphosate in soil and the possibility of leaching to ground and surface waters: a review.
Borggaard, O., & Gimsing, A. (2008) · Pest Management Science · doi:10.1002/ps.1512 · Cited by 734 · cited 1×
“Rising use triggers new concerns Driven by the growing diversity of uses and dramatic increases in volumes applied, levels of glyphosate and its primary metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) have been detected in the air [51], soil [52], and water [49, 53].”
BackgroundGlobal perspective of herbicide‐resistant weeds
Heap, I. (2013) · Pest Management Science · doi:10.1002/ps.3696 · Cited by 666
Glyphosate-based herbicides are toxic and endocrine disruptors in human cell lines
Gasnier, C., Dumont, C., Benachour, N., Clair, E., Chagnon, M.-C., & Séralini, G.-E. (2009) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2009.06.006 · Cited by 658
Battaglin, W. A., Meyer, M. T., Kuivila, K. M., & Dietze, J. E. (2014) · JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association · doi:10.1111/jawr.12159 · Cited by 597 · cited 1×
“Rising use triggers new concerns Driven by the growing diversity of uses and dramatic increases in volumes applied, levels of glyphosate and its primary metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) have been detected in the air [51], soil [52], and water [49, 53].”
BackgroundEvolved glyphosate‐resistant weeds around the world: lessons to be learnt
Powles, S. B. (2008) · Pest Management Science · doi:10.1002/ps.1525 · Cited by 500 · cited 1×
“Shifts in weed communities favoring species less susceptible to glyphosate, coupled with the emergence of first, less sensitive, and eventually glyphosate-resistant weeds drove the incremental rise in the intensity of glyphosate applications on GE-HT crops [13, 10].”
BackgroundPaganelli, A. R., Gnazzo, V., Acosta, H., López, S. L., & Carrasco, A. E. (2010) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx1001749 · Cited by 460
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Benbrook CM (2016) Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the united states and globally: Supporting data. Environ Sci Eur. doi: 10.1186/s12302-016-0070-0
- Dupraz E (2012) Monsanto and the Quasi-Per Se Illegal Rule for Bundled Discounts. Vt Law Rev 37:203–237
- Brändli D, Reinacher S (2012) Herbicides found in human urine. Ithaka J 1:270–272
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Worldwide pesticide usage and its impacts on ecosystem
Sharma, A., Kumar, V., Shahzad, B., Tanveer, M., Sidhu, G. P. S., Handa, N., Kohli, S. K., Yadav, P. T., Bali, A. S., Parihar, R. D., et al. (2019) · SN Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-019-1485-1 · Cited by 2,143
Pesticides, environment, and food safety
Carvalho, F. P. (2017) · Food and Energy Security · doi:10.1002/fes3.108 · Cited by 1,947
“At present, there is a widespread concern about effects of herbicides on human health, such as glyphosate that is of common use in agriculture and in cities to control weeds, and is a main carcinogenic agent (Araújo et al. 2016; Benbrook 2016).”
BackgroundEnvironmental and health effects of the herbicide glyphosate
van Bruggen, A. H. C., He, M., Shin, K., Mai, V., Jeong, K. C., Finckh, M. R., & Morris, J. G. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.309 · Cited by 1,057
Myers, J. P., Antoniou, M. N., Blumberg, B., Carroll, L., Colborn, T., Everett, L. G., Hansen, M., Landrigan, P. J., Lanphear, B. P., Mesnage, R., et al. (2016) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-016-0117-0 · Cited by 907
Self-citationAgriculture and biodiversity: a review
Dudley, N., & Alexander, S. (2017) · Biodiversity · doi:10.1080/14888386.2017.1351892 · Cited by 562
“Herbicide-resistant genetically-modified crops use 56% of total glyphosate (Benbrooke 2016) and increased tolerance means application rates will likely rise further (Tanentzap et al. 2015).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Benbrook, C. M.
- Corresponding author
- Benbrook, Charles M.
- ORCID
- Benbrook, Charles M.
- Venue
- Environmental Sciences Europe
- Published
- 2016-02-02
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-3
- ISSN
- 2190-4715 (ISSN-L)
- 2190-4707
- PMC
- PMC5044953
- OpenAlex
- W2255447065
- Cited by
- 1,890
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 163 · 2025: 177 · 2024: 191 · 2023: 264 · 2022: 234 · 2021: 235 · 2020: 227 · 2019: 166 · 2018: 127 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 26
- FWCI
- 71.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Environmental Sciences Europe (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ceres Trust
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Keywords
- glyphosate, Roundup Ready crops, herbicide-tolerant crops, genetically modified crops, agricultural pesticide application
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
