Limited genomic divergence between intraspecific forms of Culex pipiens under different ecological pressures
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Divergent selection can be a major driver of ecological speciation. In insects of medical importance, understanding the speciation process is both of academic interest and public health importance. In the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens, intraspecific pipiens and molestus forms vary in ecological and physiological traits. Populations of each form appear to share recent common ancestry but patterns of genetic differentiation across the genome remain unknown. Here, we undertook an AFLP genome scan on samples collected from both sympatric and allopatric populations from Europe and the USA to quantify the extent of genomic differentiation between the two forms. RESULTS: The forms were clearly differentiated but each exhibited major population sub-structuring between continents. Divergence between pipiens and molestus forms from USA was higher than in both inter- and intra-continental comparisons with European samples. The proportion of outlier loci between pipiens and molestus (≈3 %) was low but consistent in both continents, and similar to those observed between sibling species of other mosquito species which exhibit contemporary gene flow. Only two of the outlier loci were shared between inter-form comparisons made within Europe and USA. CONCLUSION: This study supports the molestus and pipiens status as distinct evolutionary entities with low genomic divergence. The low number of shared divergent loci between continents suggests a relatively limited number of genomic regions determining key typological traits likely to be driving incipient speciation and/or adaptation of molestus to anthropogenic habitats.
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The pipiens form of Culex pipiens is anautogenous, eurygamous, and preferably ornithophilic, while the molestus form is autogenous, stenogamous, and preferably mamophilic.
“The socalled pipiens form is characterized as being anautogenous, eurygamous, and preferably ornithophilic, while the molestus form is autogenous, stenogamous and preferably mamophilic.”
From Culex pipiens as a potential vector for transmission of Dirofilaria immitis and other unclassified Filarioidea in Southwest Spain (2016) · cites this paper as Gomes et al., 2015
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The application of DNA markers in population genetics of mosquitoes: a comprehensive review
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- Authors
- Gomes, B., Wilding, C. S., Weetman, D., Sousa, C. A., Novo, M. T., Savage, H. M., Almeida, A. P. G., Pinto, J., & Donnelly, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa (PT)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gomes, Bruno
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMC Evolutionary Biology
- Published
- 2015-09-16
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 197-197
- ISSN
- 1471-2148 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4573496
- OpenAlex
- W1902333799
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 0.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Evolutionary Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSTM Online Archive (Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- PhD fellowship of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia/MCTES, Portugal (SFRH/BD/36410/2007)
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/MCTES, Portugal (POCI/BIA-BDE/57650/2004, PPCDT/BIA-BDE/57650/2004)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Diptera species taxonomy and behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Keywords
- Culex pipiens, Culex pipiens molestus, intraspecific divergence, ecological speciation, divergent selection, West Nile virus vector, mosquito population structure, outlier loci, gene flow, sympatric and allopatric populations, anthropogenic habitats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Culex, Europe, Insect Vectors, United States, West Nile Fever, Cluster Analysis, Ecosystem, Microsatellite Repeats, Genetic Drift, Genetic Speciation, Gene Flow, Sympatry
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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