Functional characterization of gh_a08g1120 (gh3.5) gene reveal their significant role in enhancing drought and salt stress tolerance in cotton
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Auxins play an important role in plant growth and development; the auxins responsive gene; auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA), small auxin-up RNAs (SAUR) and Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3) control their mechanisms. The GH3 genes function in homeostasis by the catalytic activities in auxin conjugation and bounding free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to amino acids. RESULTS: In our study, we identified the GH3 genes in three cotton species; Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii, analyzed their chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationships, cis-regulatory element function and performed virus induced gene silencing of the novel Gh_A08G1120 (GH3.5) gene. The phylogenetic tree showed four clusters of genes with clade 1, 3 and 4 having mainly members of the GH3 of the cotton species while clade 2 was mainly members belonging to Arabidopsis. There were no paralogous genes, and few orthologous genes were observed between Gossypium and other species. All the GO terms were detected, but only 14 genes were found to have described GO terms in upland cotton, more biological functions were detected, as compared to the other functions. The GH3.17 subfamily harbored the highest number of the cis-regulatory elements, most having promoters towards dehydration-responsiveness. The RNA expression analysis revealed that 10 and 8 genes in drought and salinity stress conditions respectively were upregulated in G. hirsutum. All the genes that were upregulated in plants under salt stress conditions were also upregulated in drought stress; moreover, Gh_A08G1120 (GH3.5) exhibited a significant upregulation across the two stress factors. Functional characterization of Gh_A08G1120 (GH3.5) through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) revealed that the VIGS plants ability to tolerate drought and salt stresses was significantly reduced compared to the wild types. The chlorophyll content, relative leaf water content (RLWC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration level were reduced significantly while malondialdehyde concentration and ion leakage as a measure of cell membrane stability (CMS) increased in VIGS plants under drought and salt stress conditions. CONCLUSION: This study revealed the significance of the GH3 genes in enabling the plant's adaptation to drought and salt stress conditions as evidenced by the VIGS results and RT-qPCR analysis.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Suppressing the GhA08G1120 (GH3.5) gene in cotton resulted in enhanced drought and salt stress tolerance.
“One prominent example is the study focusing on the GhA08G1120 (GH3.5) gene in cotton. Researchers demonstrated that suppressing this gene resulted in enhanced drought and salt stress tolerance (Kirungu et al., 2019).”
From Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops (2025) · cites this paper as Kirungu et al., 2019
The Discussion says that knocking down Gh_A08G1120 compromised cotton’s ability to tolerate drought and salt stress—the opposite of the claim. The Results likewise say silencing significantly reduced stress tolerance. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.95)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGH3.5 manipulation led to increased proline accumulation, which plays a role in osmotic adjustment and detoxification of ROS.
“The GH3.5 gene is involved in auxin metabolism, and its manipulation led to increased proline accumulation, which plays a crucial role in osmotic adjustment and the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS).”
From Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops (2025) · cites this paper as Kirungu et al., 2019
The Results section states that proline contributes to osmotic adjustment and ROS detoxification, and the Background links GH3 genes to auxin metabolism. The paper is internally inconsistent about the effect of GH3.5 silencing: the Discussion says silenced plants had higher proline, whereas the Results say their proline levels were significantly lower than wild-type plants under drought and salt stress. It therefore does not consistently support the claim that manipulation increased proline. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., & Tamura, K. (2016) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msw054 · Cited by 43,923 · see citing works
The Water-Culture Method for Growing Plants Without Soil
Hoagland, D. R., & Arnon, D. I. (1938) · Cited by 11,217 · see citing works
HMMER web server: interactive sequence similarity searching
Finn, R. D., Clements, J., & Eddy, S. R. (2011) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkr367 · Cited by 5,952 · see citing works
Role of proline under changing environments
Hayat, S., Hayat, Q., Alyemeni, M. N., Wani, A. S., Pichtel, J., & Ahmad, A. (2012) · Plant Signaling & Behavior · doi:10.4161/psb.21949 · Cited by 2,843 · see citing works
Li, Z., Zhaoliang, S., & Cornelis, J. (2014) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00529 · Cited by 1,912 · see citing works
Repeated polyploidization of Gossypium genomes and the evolution of spinnable cotton fibres
Paterson, A. H., Wendel, J. F., Gundlach, H., Guo, H., Jenkins, J. W., Jin, D., Llewellyn, D. J., Showmaker, K. C., Shu, S., Udall, J. A., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11798 · Cited by 1,328 · see citing works
Self-citationHu, Y., Chen, J., Fang, L., Zhang, Z., Ma, W., Niu, Y., Ju, L., Deng, J., Zhao, T., Lian, J., et al. (2019) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0371-5 · Cited by 1,028 · see citing works
Self-citationThe draft genome of a diploid cotton Gossypium raimondii
Wang, K., Wang, Z., Li, F., Ye, W., Wang, J., Song, G., Yue, Z., Cong, L., Shāng, H., Zou, C., et al. (2012) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2371 · Cited by 1,010 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, M., Tu, L., Yuan, D., Zhu, D., Shen, C., Li, J., Liu, F., Pei, L., Wang, P., Zhao, G., et al. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0282-x · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Self-citationSAUR Proteins as Effectors of Hormonal and Environmental Signals in Plant Growth
Ren, H. Y., & Gray, W. M. (2015) · Molecular Plant · doi:10.1016/j.molp.2015.05.003 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Du, X., Huang, G., He, S., Yang, Z., Sun, G., Ma, X., Li, N., Zhang, X., Sun, J., Liu, M., et al. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0116-x · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Self-citationPark, J.-E., Park, J. Y., Kim, Y., Staswick, P., Jeon, J., Yun, J., Kim, S., Kim, J., Lee, Y., & Park, C. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m610524200 · Cited by 543 · see citing works
Plant MYB Transcription Factors: Their Role in Drought Response Mechanisms
Baldoni, E., Genga, A., & Cominelli, E. (2015) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms160715811 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Comprehensive Comparison of Auxin-Regulated and Brassinosteroid-Regulated Genes in Arabidopsis
Goda, H., Sawa, S., Asami, T., et al. (2004) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.103.034736 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Virus‐induced gene silencing in tomato fruit
Fu, D., Zhu, B., Zhu, H., et al. (2005) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02441.x · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Introns: The Functional Benefits of Introns in Genomes
Jo, B.-S., & Choi, S. S. (2015) · Genomics & Informatics · doi:10.5808/gi.2015.13.4.112 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Zhang, S., Li, C., Cao, J. S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, S., Xia, Y., Sun, D., & Sun, Y. (2009) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.109.146803 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Zhang, Z., Li, Q., Li, Z., Staswick, P., Wang, M., Zhu, Y., & He, Z. (2007) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.107.106021 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Nakazawa, M., Yabe, N., Ichikawa, T., Yamamoto, Y. Y., Yoshizumi, T., Hasunuma, K., & Matsui, M. (2001) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.00957.x · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Chakrabortee, S., Boschetti, C., Walton, L. J., Sarkar, S., Rubinsztein, D. C., & Tunnacliffe, A. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0706964104 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Magwanga, R. O., Lu, P., Kirungu, J. N., Lu, H., Wang, X., Cai, X., Zhou, Z., Zhang, Z., Salih, H., Wang, K., et al. (2018) · BMC Genetics · doi:10.1186/s12863-017-0596-1 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Self-citationSoybean GH3 promoter contains multiple auxin-inducible elements.
Liu, Z. B., Ulmasov, T., Shi, X., et al. (1994) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.6.5.645 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Physiological and proteomic responses of cotton (Gossypium herbaceum L.) to drought stress
Deeba, F., Pandey, A. K., Ranjan, S., Mishra, A., Singh, R., Sharma, Y. K., Shirke, P. A., & Pandey, V. (2012) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.01.002 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Saito, A., Ochiai, K., Kondo, S., Tsumagari, K., Murakami, T., Cavener, D. R., & Imaizumi, K. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.152900 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Koonin, E. V. (2006) · Biology Direct · doi:10.1186/1745-6150-1-22 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Barberon, M., Dubeaux, G., Kolb, C., Isono, E., Zelazny, E., & Vert, G. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1402262111 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Rapid Induction of Selective Transcription by Auxins
Hagen, G., & Guilfoyle, T. J. (1985) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.5.6.1197 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Shafi, A., Chauhan, R., Gill, T., Swarnkar, M. K., Sreenivasulu, Y., Kumar, S., Kumar, N., Shankar, R., Ahuja, P. S., & Singh, A. K. (2015) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/s11103-015-0301-6 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
The auxin-responsive GH3 gene family in rice (Oryza sativa)
Jain, M., Kaur, N., Tyagi, A. K., et al. (2005) · Functional & Integrative Genomics · doi:10.1007/s10142-005-0142-5 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Perception of the plant immune signal salicylic acid
Yan, S., & Dong, X. (2014) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2014.04.006 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Domingo, C., Andrés, F., Tharreau, D., Iglesias, D. J., & Talón, M. (2009) · Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions · doi:10.1094/mpmi-22-2-0201 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Gomez‐Porras, J. L., Riaño‐Pachón, D. M., Drèyer, I., Mayer, J. E., & Mueller‐Roeber, B. (2007) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-8-260 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
He, Y., Zhang, H., Sun, Z., Li, J., Hong, G., Zhu, Q., XueBiao, Z., MacFarlane, S. A., Yan, F., & Chen, J. (2016) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.14376 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Westfall, C. S., Sherp, A. M., Zubieta, C., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1612635113 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Terol, J., Domingo, C., & Talón, M. (2006) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2005.12.014 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Moss ( Physcomitrella patens ) GH3 proteins act in auxin homeostasis
Ludwig‐Müller, J., Jülke, S., Bierfreund, N. M., et al. (2008) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02677.x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Extracellular Interactions of Alpha-Synuclein in Multiple System Atrophy
Valdinocci, D., Radford, R. A. W., Goulding, M., Hayashi, J., Chung, R. S., & Pountney, D. L. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19124129 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Dinler, B. S., Türkan, İ., Sekmen, A. H., & Ozfidan, C. (2010) · Environmental and Experimental Botany · doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2010.02.013 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Prediction of subcellular localization using sequence-biased recurrent networks
Mikael Bodén, A., & Hawkins, J. (2005) · Computer applications in the biosciences · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti372 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Introgression genetics and breeding between Upland and Pima cotton: a review
Zhang, J., Percy, R. G., & McCarty, J. C. (2014) · Euphytica · doi:10.1007/s10681-014-1094-4 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Genome-wide analysis of the GH3 family in apple (Malus × domestica)
Yuan, H., Zhao, K. X., Lei, H., et al. (2013) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-297 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Response and Its Physiological Roles in Plants
Deng, Y., Srivastava, R., & Howell, S. H. (2013) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms14048188 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Rapid Induction of Selective Transcription by Auxins
Hagen, G., & Guilfoyle, T. J. (1985) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.5.6.1197-1203.1985 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The physiological role of the unfolded protein response in plants
Moreno, A. A., & Orellana, A. (2011) · Biological Research · doi:10.4067/s0716-97602011000100010 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Modulating plant hormones by enzyme action
Westfall, C. S., Herrmann, J. R., Chen, Q.-F., et al. (2010) · Plant Signaling & Behavior · doi:10.4161/psb.5.12.13941 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Wang, M., Zhao, X., Xiao, Z., et al. (2016) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/s11103-016-0446-y · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Magwanga, R. O., Lu, P., Kirungu, J. N., Cai, X., Zhou, Z., Wang, X., Diouf, L., Xu, Y., Hou, Y., Hu, Y., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19092625 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of Nedd4/Nedd4-like dependant ubiquitylation in epithelial transport processes
Flores, S. Y., Debonneville, C., & Staub, O. (2003) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1027-x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Singh, V. K., Jain, M., & Garg, R. (2015) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00789 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Kaiser, W. M., Weber, H., & Sauer, M. (1983) · Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie · doi:10.1016/s0044-328x(83)80015-4 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Park, J.-E., Seo, P. J., Lee, A.-K., et al. (2007) · Plant and Cell Physiology · doi:10.1093/pcp/pcm086 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The Binding of Auxin to the Arabidopsis Auxin Influx Transporter AUX1
Carrier, D. J., Bakar, N. T. A., Swarup, R., et al. (2008) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.108.122044 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Liao, D., Chen, X., Chen, A., et al. (2014) · Plant and Cell Physiology · doi:10.1093/pcp/pcu212 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Regulation of biotic and abiotic stress responses by plant hormones
Kumar, P. P. (2013) · Plant Cell Reports · doi:10.1007/s00299-013-1460-z · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Zhang, C., Zhang, L., Wang, D., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19071850 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Magwanga, R. O., Kirungu, J. N., Lu, P., Yang, X., Dong, Q., Cai, X., Xu, Y., Wang, X., Zhou, Z., Hou, Y., et al. (2019) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1111/ppl.12920 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationAddressing protein localization within the nucleus
Bickmore, W. A., & Sutherland, H. G. E. (2002) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/21.6.1248 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
THE ACCURACY OF PHYLOGENETIC ESTIMATION USING THE NEIGHBOR‐JOINING METHOD
Kim, J., Rohlf, F. J., & Sokal, R. R. (1993) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb02107.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Auxin action on proton influx in corn roots and its correlation with growth
Evans, M. L., Mulkey, T. J., & Vesper, M. J. (1980) · Planta · doi:10.1007/bf02395322 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Magwanga, R. O., Lu, P., Kirungu, J. N., et al. (2019) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes10030226 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationFifteen Years of Bt Cotton in China: The Economic Impact and its Dynamics
Qiao, F. (2015) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.01.011 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Park, S., & Grabau, E. A. (2017) · Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/s11103-017-0642-4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Saha, G., Park, J., Ahmed, N. U., et al. (2016) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.021 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Lu, P., Magwanga, R. O., Lu, H., et al. (2018) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes9040209 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, Y., Yue, R., Sun, T., et al. (2014) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-014-6311-5 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Diouf, L., Pan, Z., He, S., Gong, W., Jia, Y. H., Magwanga, R. O., Romy, K. R. E., Rashid, H. O., Kirungu, J. N., & Du, X. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18122622 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationCotton proteomics for deciphering the mechanism of environment stress response and fiber development
Zhou, M., Sun, G., Sun, Z., Tang, Y., & Wu, Y. (2014) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.017 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Nakhooda, M., Maria Paula, W. A. T. T., & Mycock, D. J. (2011) · Plant Growth Regulation · doi:10.1007/s10725-011-9597-7 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Yang, J., Scascitelli, M., Motilal, L. A., et al. (2013) · Tree Genetics & Genomes · doi:10.1007/s11295-013-0601-4 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Gene copy number evolution during tetraploid cotton radiation
Rong, J., Feltus, F. A., Liu, L., Lin, L., & Paterson, A. H. (2010) · Heredity · doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.192 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Mittag, J., Gabrielyan, A., & Ludwig‐Müller, J. (2015) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.10.013 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Li, W., Cao, J., Xu, Y., et al. (2016) · Molecular Plant Pathology · doi:10.1111/mpp.12411 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Auxin action on proton influx in corn roots and its correlation with growth
Evans, M. L., Mulkey, T. J., & Vesper, M. J. (1980) · Planta · doi:10.1007/bf00552667 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Accurate prediction of orthologous gene groups in microbes
Wu, H., Mao, F., Olman, V. N., et al. (2005) · doi:10.1109/csb.2005.10 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gabriško, M., & Janeĉek, Ŝ. (2015) · Carbohydrate Research · doi:10.1016/j.carres.2015.02.004 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Genetic male sterility in asiatic cotton
Singh, D., & Kumar, R. (1993) · Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Socio-economic aspects of the cotton production in Andalusia.
Arriaza, M., Rodríguez-Ocaña, A., & Ruiz-Avilés, P. (2000) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops
Chavhan, R. L., Jaybhaye, S. G., Hinge, V. R., Deshmukh, A. S., Shaikh, U. S., Jadhav, P. K., Kadam, U. S., & Hong, J. C. (2025) · Frontiers in Genome Editing · doi:10.3389/fgeed.2025.1524767 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sun, W., Yao, M., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., Zhan, J., Yan, J., Jiang, S., Jian, S., Chen, H., Bu, T., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158480 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kirungu, J. N., Magwanga, R. O., Lu, P., Cai, X., Zhou, Z., Wang, X., Peng, R., Wang, K., & Liu, F.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CN)
- Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (KE)
- Anyang Institute of Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Fang
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMC Genetics
- Published
- 2019-07-23
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 62-62
- ISSN
- 1471-2156 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6651995
- OpenAlex
- W2963963718
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 6.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Genetics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671745, 31530053))
- National key research and development plan (2016YFD0100306)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Research in Cotton Cultivation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Keywords
- Gossypium hirsutum, cotton, drought tolerance, salt tolerance, auxin conjugation, virus-induced gene silencing, cis-regulatory elements, phylogenetic analysis, oxidative stress, membrane stability
- MeSH terms
- Chromosome Mapping, Gossypium, Phylogeny, Plant Proteins, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Stress, Physiological, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genome, Plant, Computational Biology, Salt Tolerance, Droughts, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Transcriptome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
