The effect of educational intervention based on Pender's health promotion model on quality of life and health promotion in patients with heart failure: an experimental study
Open accessAbstract
Background: Heart failure is a common and chronic heart condition with high prevalence and mortality rates. This debilitating disease as an important predictor of health outcomes is directly related to patients' quality of life. Given that one of the main goals of heart failure treatment is to promote patients' quality of life and health status, conducting effective nursing interventions seems to be necessary in this regard. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on Pender's health promotion model on quality of life and health promotion in patients with heart failure. Methods: This is an experimental study in which a total of 80 patients with heart failure were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups of intervention and control (n = 40 in each group). The educational program was designed based on Pender's health promotion model and then provided for the patients in the intervention four subgroups (10 person in each group) during six sessions. Data were collected at three time-points of before, immediately after, and three months after the intervention using a demographic questionnaire, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II). Data were then analyzed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA) and p value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Based on the results of the present study, no statistically significant difference was shown in terms of demographic characteristics between the two groups. It was also indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of all dimensions of quality of life (except in the physical dimension) between the two groups so that the overall mean score of quality of life increased significantly in the intervention group after the intervention (p < .05). Moreover, there were significant increases in the mean scores of health-promoting behaviors (except in the domain of physical activity) in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < .05) after intervention. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a trend that Pender's health promotion model is effective in improving the quality of life of patients with heart failure except of the physical dimension, and strengthening their health-promoting behaviors in all dimensions except of the physical activity dimension.
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Similar studies have demonstrated improvements in promoting healthy habits, especially in areas such as nutrition, physical activity, stress management, adherence to medical treatments, and among patients with chronic diseases.
“Similar studies have also demonstrated improvements in promoting healthy habits, especially in areas such as nutrition, physical activity, stress management, adherence to medical treatments, and among patients with chronic diseases [15,16,17].”
From Effectiveness of Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model: A Comprehensive Approach for Enhancing Healthy Behaviors and Quality of Life in Adults (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
The Results (Health-promoting behaviors; page unavailable) report improved nutrition and stress-management scores after the intervention in patients with heart failure. Physical activity did not improve significantly, however, and the paper does not report improved adherence to medical treatment; the Discussion also notes that the stress-management difference was no longer significant at three months. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Habibzadeh, H., Shariati, A., Mohammadi, F., & Babayi, S.
- Affiliations
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Urmia University (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Mohammadi, Farshad
- Venue
- BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
- Published
- 2021-10-05
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 478-478
- ISSN
- 1471-2261 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8491755
- OpenAlex
- W3202797117
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 4.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Cardiovascular Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Urmia University
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Wellbeing Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
- Keywords
- heart failure, Pender's health promotion model, health education intervention, quality of life, health-promoting behaviors, nursing interventions, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II
- MeSH terms
- Healthy Lifestyle, Diet, Healthy, Aged, Female, Health Promotion, Health Status, Heart Failure, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Random Allocation, Time Factors, Exercise, Treatment Outcome, Spirituality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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