Factors associated with recent intimate partner violence experience amongst currently married women in Afghanistan and health impacts of IPV: a cross sectional study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is exceedingly common in conflict and post-conflict settings. We first seek to describe factors associated with past 12 month IPV amongst currently married women in Afghanistan, focused on the factors typically assumed to drive IPV. Second, to describe whether IPV is independently associated with a range of health outcomes. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of currently married Afghan women, comprising the baseline study of a trial to prevent IPV. We use multinomial regression, reporting adjusted relative-risk ratios to model factors associated with the different forms of IPV, comparing no IPV, emotional IPV only, and physical IPV and emotional IPV. Second we assessed whether experience of emotional IPV, and physical IPV, were independently associated with health outcomes, reporting adjusted ß coefficients and adjusted odds ratios as appropriate. RESULTS: Nine hundred thirty five currently married women were recruited, 11.8% experienced only emotional IPV and 23.1% experienced physical and emotional IPV. Emotional IPV only was associated with attending a women's group, greater food insecurity, her husband having more than one wife, experiencing other forms of family violence, and more inequitable community gender norms. Experiencing both physical IPV and emotional IPV was associated with attending a women's group, more childhood trauma, husband cruelty, her husband having more than one wife, experiencing other forms of family violence, more inequitable community gender norms, and greater reported disability. Emotional IPV and physical IPV were independently associated with worse health outcomes. CONCLUSION: IPV remains common in Afghanistan. Economic interventions for women alone are unlikely to prevent IPV and potentially may increase IPV. Economic interventions need to also work with husbands and families, and work to transform community level gender norms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03236948 . Registered 28 July 2017, retrospectively registered.
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Five additional studies on depression found a non-significant association between psychological violence and depression.
“Another 37 studies examined the association between psychological violence and depression; twenty-nine of the identified studies found a significant association [13, 34, 35, 39, 42, 45–47, 49, 53–73], while five studies found a non-significant association [50, 74–77].”
From The psychological subtype of intimate partner violence and its effect on mental health: a systematic review with meta-analyses (2022) · cites this paper as [50]
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Dokkedahl, S. B., Kirubakaran, R., Bech-Hansen, D., Kristensen, T. R., & Elklit, A. (2022) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-022-02025-z · Cited by 172 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gibbs, A., Corboz, J., & Jewkes, R.
- Affiliations
- South African Medical Research Council (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Gibbs, Andrew
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2018-05-03
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 593-593
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5934802
- OpenAlex
- W2807516988
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 6.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- What Works to Prevent Violence Against Women and Girls? Global Programme
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Demography › Elder Abuse and Neglect
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Violence, Rights in Latin America
- Keywords
- intimate partner violence, married women, Afghanistan, emotional abuse, physical abuse, women's organizations, food insecurity, polygamy, domestic violence, gender norms, childhood trauma, disability, health outcomes, conflict settings, IPV prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Afghanistan, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Status, Humans, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Spouse Abuse, Young Adult
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