The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Impact of public smoking bans on children’s exposure to tobacco smoke at home: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKROUND: Meta-analysis of the impact of public smoking bans on children's exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home. METHODS: The electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFo, ASSIA, CINAHL were searched. German public health journals not captured by these databases and grey literature were considered in addition. Studies were included when they reported children's SHS exposure at home in relation to smoke-free legislation by measuring exposure before and after the introduction of a public smoking ban. Studies had to provide results on exposure prevalences of children aged below 18 years. Language of publications was restricted to German and English. Details of the included studies (n = 15) were extracted by one author and checked for accuracy by a second author. Given the exposure prevalences before and after the introduction of a smoke-free legislation, a random-effects meta-analysis of relative risks (RR) was conducted. Results were presented in a forest plot. RESULTS: Meta-analysis showed that the overall effect was a decreased exposure to SHS in the children's homes after introduction of a public smoking ban (RR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.62-0.83). Only two of the 15 studies indicated an increased exposure. Sensitivity analyses considering the type of smoke-free legislation, children's age group and study quality did not substantially alter the result. CONCLUSION: The assumption of a displacement of smoking into homes with children due to smoke-free legislation in public places could not be confirmed. Additional research is needed to analyse long-term trends.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Despite fears that these would result in displacement of smoking to the home, most studies have found that they either have a neutral effect or, more often, reduce SHS exposure in homes (107).”
From Review of the Impact of Housing Quality on Inequalities in Health and Well-Being (2023) · cites this paper as [107]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package
Viechtbauer, W. (2010) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v036.i03 · Cited by 20,464
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 · Cited by 19,575
Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis
Sterne, J. A. C., & Egger, M. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00377-8 · Cited by 3,779 · cited 1×
“A funnel plot [23] was used to check whether there could have been publication bias.”
MethodÖberg, M., Jaakkola, M. S., Woodward, A., Peruga, A., & Prüss-Ustün, A. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61388-8 · Cited by 1,939 · cited 2×
“Worldwide, SHS is regarded as the third leading cause of preventable disease, disability and death [2] and approximately 600,000 non-smokers die per year due to SHS exposure [4].”
BackgroundThe Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General
(2006) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e601432007-001 · Cited by 1,877
Courtney, R. J. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.12309 · Cited by 1,438
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- IARC. Evaluating the effectiveness of smoke-free policies. IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention, vol. 13. Lyon: Tobacco Control; 2009.
- Bolte G, Wildner M, Fromme H. Auswirkungen der Nichtraucherschutzgesetzgebung auf die Tabakrauchbelastung von Kindern und auf soziale Ungleichheiten in der Exposition. Prävention. 2015;38:7–10.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Review of the Impact of Housing Quality on Inequalities in Health and Well-Being
Howden-Chapman, P., Bennett, J., Edwards, R., Jacobs, D., Nathan, K., & Ormandy, D. (2023) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071521-111836 · Cited by 153
Radó, M. K., Mölenberg, F. J. M., Westenberg, L. E. H., Sheikh, A., Millett, C. J., Alex Burdorf, A., van Lenthe, F. J., & Been, J. V. (2021) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00097-9 · Cited by 40
Faber, T., Mizani, M. A., Sheikh, A., Mackenbach, J. P., Reiss, I. K. M., & Been, J. V. (2019) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30175-6 · Cited by 28
Living with parents who smoke predicts levels of toxicant exposure in children
Park, M.-B. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66920-y · Cited by 27
Hone, T., Szklo, A. S., Filippidis, F. T., Laverty, A. A., Sattamini, I. F., Been, J. V., Vianna, C. G. F., de Souza, M. C., de Almeida, L. M., & Millett, C. J. (2019) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-054923 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Nanninga, S., Lhachimi, S. K., & Bolte, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Bremen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Nanninga, Sarah
- Venue
- BMC Public Health
- Published
- 2018-06-21
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 749-749
- ISSN
- 1471-2458 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6011268
- OpenAlex
- W2809374480
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- public smoking bans, passive smoking, children, household smoke exposure, smoking bans, smoke-free public places, tobacco control
- MeSH terms
- Child, Housing, Humans, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Air Pollution, Indoor, Smoke-Free Policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Impact of public smoking bans on children’s exposure to tobacco smoke at home: a systematic review and meta-analysis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/s12889-018-5679-z
- The paper
- Nanninga, S., Lhachimi, S. K., & Bolte, G. (2018). Impact of public smoking bans on children’s exposure to tobacco smoke at home: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5679-z
