CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 284Simulation-Based Education in HealthcareVirtual Reality Applications and ImpactsSurgical Simulation and Training

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Effectiveness of virtual reality in nursing education: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Open access
Liu, Kai, Zhang, Weiwei, Li, Wei, Wang, Ting, Zheng, Yanxue·2023·BMC Medical Education
DOI 10.1186/s12909-023-04662-xPMC PMC10540340

Published version of a preprint

Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the transformative potential of Virtual Reality (VR) has shown significant potential in transforming nursing education by providing immersive and interactive learning experiences. Our objective is to systematically evaluate and conduct a meta-analysizes on the impact effect of virtual reality technology in teaching nursing students. METHODS: To achieve this, we conducted comprehensive computer searches on platforms including of PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Zhiwang database, Wanfang database, and China Biomedical Literature Service (SinoMed), were conducted to collect randomized controlled trial studies on the use of virtual reality's technology for teaching nursing students built up to until March 2023., and the Cochrane Furthermore, the quality of the included literature was assessed evaluated using the quality evaluation criteria specified for randomized controlled trial studies within the Cochrane provided in the evaluation handbook manual. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS: The aggregate outcomes from a total of 12 randomized controlled trials, encompassing including 1167 students, indicate were included. Meta-analysis results showed that virtual reality technology significantly enhances could better improve nursing students'' theoretical knowledge [(SMD = 0.97, 95% CI [0.48, 1.46], p < 0.001)], practical skills (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI [0.33, 1.46], p < 0.001), skill retention, (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI [0.33, 0.71], p < 0.001), and satisfaction levels (SMD = 1.14, 95% CI [0.85, 1.43], p < 0.001), in comparison with traditional or alternative teaching methodologies. However, no statistically significant impact was observed on the enhancement of critical thinking skills (SMD = 0.79, 95% CI [-0.05, 1.64], p = 0.07) among nursing students. CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore that compared to conventional teaching methods, virtual reality offers superior potential in advancing nursing students' theoretical knowledge, practice proficiencies, and overall satisfaction, while not yielding a significant advantage in enhancing critical thinking skills. The incorporated literature consisted exclusively of randomized controlled trials, albeit a subset of these studies omitted descriptions of the allocation concealment strategy.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/s12909-023-04662-x

Cites

35 of 35 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Fig. 1 Search strategy
Fig. 1 Search strategyCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Literature screening process and result
Fig. 2 Literature screening process and resultCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Overall risk of bias analysis of included studies
Fig. 3 Overall risk of bias analysis of included studiesCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 4 Risk of bias analysis of each included study
Fig. 4 Risk of bias analysis of each included studyCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 5 Impact of VR technology on nursing students’ theoretical knowledge
Fig. 5 Impact of VR technology on nursing students’ theoretical knowledgeCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 6 Impact of VR technology on nursing students’ practice skills
Fig. 6 Impact of VR technology on nursing students’ practice skillsCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 7 Impact of VR technology on academic satisfaction of nursing students
Fig. 7 Impact of VR technology on academic satisfaction of nursing studentsCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 8 Impact of VR technology on nursing students’ critical thinking
Fig. 8 Impact of VR technology on nursing students’ critical thinkingCC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 35 references

Research works printed but not linked: 10

  1. Xiuyu YAO, Hui ZHANG, Xiaopeng HUO, et al. Analysis of the applicability of virtual reality technology applied to basic nursing skills teaching[J]. Research on Medical Teaching in Colleges and Universities. (Electronic Edition). 2022;12(05):7–13.
  2. Yu MH, Yang WY. The application effect of virtual reality technology in the teaching of nursing students in rehabilitation department [J]. China High Med Educ, 2020(9): 103–4.
  3. Sherman WR, Craig AB. Understanding virtual reality: interface, application, and design [M]. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc; 2002.
  4. Yuan T, Shen J, Li X. Application of flipped classroom teaching model based on virtual reality animation micro-class in internal medicine nursing[J]. Nurs Res. 2019;33(24):4325–7.
  5. Xiaoyan, Wang, Hu Rongfang,Yan Yilu. Application of virtual simulation technology in obstetric nursing experimental teaching[J]. China High Med Educ,2023(02):44–5.
  6. Ping WangYan, Wenzhen WANG, Fang,WANG Liping CAI, Hongya. CHEN Weiping. Application of immersive virtual reality technology in the experimental teaching of intravenous injection method[J]. China Nurs Manage 2020,20(02):176–80.
  7. Liping Li. The use of virtual reality technology in nursing laboratory teaching [J]. Electron J Clin Med Literature 2017,4(84):16622–3. https://doi.org/10.16281/j.cnki.jocml.2017.84.105 · DOI
  8. Hongmei Zhao,Ma Di,Liu Hongchun. The application of virtual simulation experimental teaching mode in the teaching of acute and critical care nursing [J]. Mod Hosp 2022,22(10):1608–10.
  9. Nan Cao. Application of simulation teaching mode of virtual reality technology in higher vocational surgical nursing [J]. Health Professions Education 2021,39(08):87–9.
  10. Jun’e, Liu. Jingyue. Mobilizing students’ independent learning ability to improve the effectiveness of problem-based learning [J]. Chin Nurs Educ. 2010;07(12):563–5.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Liu, K., Zhang, W., Li, W., Wang, T., & Zheng, Y.
Affiliations
Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University (CN)
Corresponding author
Zheng, Yanxue
ORCID
Venue
BMC Medical Education
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2023-09-28
Volume
23
Issue
1
Pages
710-710
ISSN
1472-6920 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12909-023-04662-x
PMC
PMC10540340
OpenAlex
W4387134077
Cited by
284
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 130 · 2025: 104 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 3
FWCI
10.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Medical Education (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Jining Medical University
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Education › Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Surgical Simulation and Training
Keywords
virtual reality, nursing education, nursing students, theoretical knowledge, practical skills, skill retention, student satisfaction, critical thinking skills, immersive learning
MeSH terms
Simulation Training, Virtual Reality, Education, Nursing, Humans, Students, Students, Nursing, Thinking, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review